Hostname: page-component-6d856f89d9-vrt8f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T06:51:19.899Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

“IT IS HIS IMAGE WITH PULQUE”: DRINKS, GIFTS, AND POLITICAL NETWORKING IN CLASSIC MAYA TEXTS AND IMAGES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2016

Alexandre Tokovinine
Alexandre Tokovinine*
Affiliation:
Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
*
E-mail correspondence to: tokovin@fas.harvard.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Despite a widespread notion that feasting played a major role in the workings of Classic Maya polities, the very concept of feasting in the context of its textual and visual representations remains poorly defined and understood. The present paper reviews the ancient narratives in order to present a more nuanced interpretation of the consumption and display of exquisite food and drinks at the courts of Maya lords and nobles. It also considers some tangible evidence of the sociopolitical networks created through feasting by looking at the spatial distributions of signed serving vessels which changed hands as gifts.

Type
Research Article
Information
Ancient Mesoamerica , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , Spring 2016 , pp. 13 - 29
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adams, Richard E.W. 1963 A Polychrome Vase from Altar De Sacrificios. Archaeology 16:90–92.Google Scholar
Bair, Daniel A., and Terry, Richard E. 2012 In Search of Markets and Fields: Soil Chemical Investigations at Motul De San Jose. In Politics, History, and Economy at the Classic Maya Center of Motul de San José, Guatemala, edited by Foias, Antonia and Emery, Kitty, pp. 357–385. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Baron, Joanne Parlsey 2013 Patrons of La Corona: Deities and Power in a Classic Maya Community. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Beliaev, Dmitri 2000 Wuk Tsuk and Oxlahun Tsuk: Naranjo and Tikal in the Late Classic. In Sacred and the Profane: Architecture and Identity in the Maya Lowlands, edited by Robert-Colas, Pierre, pp. 63–81. Verlag von Flemming, Berlin.Google Scholar
Beliaev, Dmitri, Davletshin, Albert and Tokovinine, Alexandre 2009 Sweet Cacao and Sour Atole: Mixed Drinks on Classic Maya Ceramic Vases. In Pre-Columbian Foodways: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Food, Culture, and Markets in Ancient Mesoamerica, edited by Staller, John E. and Carrasco, Michael, pp. 257–273. Springer Science and Business Media, New York.Google Scholar
Beliaev, Dmitri D., and Safronov, Aleksandr V. 2013 Dinasticheskaia Istoriia Piedras-Negras vo Vtoroi Polovine VIII Veka. In Voprosy Epigrafiki, Vol. 7, edited by Avdeev, Aleksandr, pp. 533–599. Russkii Fond Sodeistviia Obrazovaniiu i Nauke, Moscow.Google Scholar
Biró, Péter 2004 Sak Tz'i' in the Classic Period Hieroglyphic Inscriptions. Electronic document, www.mesoweb.com/articles/biro/SakTzi.pdf, accessed December 16, 2013.Google Scholar
Biró, Péter 2010 A New Look at the Inscription of Copan Altar K. The Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute Journal 9:22–28.Google Scholar
Boot, Erik 2008 At the Court of Itzam Nah Yax Kokaj Mut: Preliminary Iconographic and Epigraphic Analysis of a Late Classic Vessel. Electronic document, http://www.mayavase.com/God-D-Court-Vessel.pdf, accessed December 16, 2013.Google Scholar
Callaghan, Michael G. 2008 Technologies of Power: Ritual Economy and Ceramic Production in the Terminal Preclassic Period Holmul Region, Guatemala. Ph.D dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville.Google Scholar
Calvin, Inga E. 2006 Between Text and Image: An Analysis of Pseudo-Glyphs on Late Classic Maya Pottery from Guatemala. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Clayton, Sarah C., Driver, W. David, and Kosakowsky, Laura J. 2005 Rubbish or Ritual? Contextualizing a Terminal Classic Problematical Deposit at Blue Creek, Belize: A Response to “Public Architecture, Ritual, and Temporal Dynamics at the Maya Center of Blue Creek, Belize” by Thomas H. Guderjan. Ancient Mesoamerica 16:119–130.Google Scholar
Coggins, Clemency 1975 Painting and Drawing Styles at Tikal: A Historical and Iconographic Reconstruction. Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Culbert, T. Patrick 1993 The Ceramics of Tikal: Vessels from the Burials, Caches and Problematical Deposits. The University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Dahlin, Bruce H., Bair, Daniel A., Beach, Tim, Moriarty, Matthew, and Terry, Richard E. 2009 The Dirt on Food: Ancient Feasts and Markets among the Lowland Maya. In Pre-Columbian Foodways: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Food, Culture, and Markets in Ancient Mesoamerica, edited by Staller, John E. and Carrasco, Michael, pp. 191–232. Springer Science and Business Media, New York.Google Scholar
Dietler, Michael 2001 Theorizing the Feast: Rituals of Consumption, Commensal Politics, and Power in African Contexts. In Feasts: Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspectives on Food, Politics, and Power, edited by Dietler, Michael and Hayden, Brian, pp. 65–114. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Emery, Kitty 2003 The Noble Beast: Status and Differential Access to Animals in the Maya World. World Archaeology 34:498–515.Google Scholar
Eppich, Keith 2007 Death and Veneration at El Perú-Waka’: Structure M14–15 as Ancestor Shrine. Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute Journal 8:1–16.Google Scholar
Escobedo, Héctor L. 1993 Entidades políticas del noroeste de las montañas mayas durante el periodo clásico tardío. In VI Simposio De Investigaciones Arqueológicas En Guatemala, 1992, edited by Laporte, Juan Pedro, Escobedo, Héctor L., and de Brady, Sandra Villagrán, pp. 1–21. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala City.Google Scholar
Fierer-Donaldson, Molly 2012 To Be Born an Ancestor: Death and the Afterlife among the Classic Period Royal Tombs of Copán, Honduras. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Foias, Antonia E. 1996 Changing Ceramic Production and Exchange Systems and the Classic Maya Collapse in the Petexbatun Region. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville.Google Scholar
Foias, Antonia E. 2007 Ritual, Politics, and Pottery Economies in the Classic Maya Southern Lowlands. In Mesoamerican Ritual Economy: Archaeological and Ethnological Perspectives, edited by Wells, E. Christian and Davis-Salazar, Karla L., pp. 167–194. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Foias, Antonia E., and Halperin, Christina T. 2012 Motul de San José Pottery Production: Reconstruction from Wasters and Debris. In Politics, History, and Economy at the Classic Maya Center of Motul De San José, Guatemala, edited by Foias, Antonia and Emery, Kitty, pp. 167–193. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Goldstein, David J., and Hageman, Jon B. 2009 Power Plants: Paleobotanical Evidence of Rural Feasting in Late Classic Belize. In Pre-Columbian Foodways: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Food, Culture, and Markets in Ancient Mesoamerica, edited by Staller, John E. and Carrasco, Michael, pp. 421–440. Springer Science and Business Media, New York.Google Scholar
Graham, Ian 1975 Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions, Volume 2, Part 1: Naranjo. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Graham, Ian, and Von Euw, Eric 1978 Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions, Volume 2, Part 2: Naranjo, Chunhuitz, Xunantunich. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Graham, Ian, and Mathews, Peter 1996 Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions, Volume 6, Part 2: Tonina. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Grube, Nikolai 2004 Akan - the God of Drinking, Disease, and Death. In Continuity and Change: Maya Religious Practices in Temporal Perspective: 5th European Maya Conference, University of Bonn, December 2000, edited by Behrens, Daniel Graña, Grube, Nikolai, Praeger, Christian M., Sachse, Krauke, Teufel, Stefanie, and Wagner, Elizabeth, pp. 59–76. Acta Mesoamericana, Vol. 14. Verlag Anton Saurwein, Markt Schwaben, Germany.Google Scholar
Grube, Nikolai, and Nahm, Werner 1994 A Census of Xibalba: A Complete Inventory of Way Characters on Maya Ceramics. In The Maya Vase: A Corpus of Rollout Photographs of Maya Vases, Vol. 4, edited by Kerr, Barbara and Kerr, Justin, pp. 686–715. Kerr Associates, New York.Google Scholar
Halperin, Christina T., and Foias, Antonia E. 2010 Pottery Politics: Late Classic Maya Palace Production at Motul de San José, Petén, Guatemala. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 29:392–411.Google Scholar
Hayden, Brian 2001 Fabulous Feasts: A Prolegomenon to the Importance of Feasting. In Feasts: Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspectives on Food, Politics, and Power, edited by Dietler, Michael and Hayden, Brian, pp. 23–64. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Helmke, Christophe, Awe, Jaime, and Grube, Nikolai 2010 The Carved Monuments and Inscriptions of Xunantunich: Implications for Terminal Classic Sociopolitical Relationship in the Belize Valley. In Classic Maya Provincial Politics: Xunantunich and Its Hinterlands, edited by LeCount, Lisa and Yaeger, Jason, pp. 97–121. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D. 1983 Warfare between Naranjo and Ucanal. Contributions to Maya Hieroglyphic Decipherment 1:31–39.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D. 1992 Classic Maya Politics. In New Theories on the Ancient Maya, edited by Danien, Elin C. and Sharer, Robert J., pp. 65–69. The University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D. 1993 Hieroglyphs and History at Dos Pilas: Dynastic Politics of the Classic Maya. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D. 1998 Classic Maya Depictions of the Built Environment. In Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture, edited by Houston, Stephen D., pp. 333–372. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D. 2000 Into the Minds of Ancients: Advances in Glyph Studies. Journal of World Prehistory 14:121–201.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D. 2004 The Acropolis of Piedras Negras: Portrait of a Court System. In Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, edited by Miller, Mary Ellen and Martin, Simon, pp. 271–276. Thames & Hudson, New York.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D. 2009 A Splendid Predicament: Young Men in Classic Maya Society. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 19:149–178.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D. 2012a The Best of All Things: Beauty, Materials, and Society among the Classic Maya. In Ancient Maya Art at Dumbarton Oaks, edited by Pillsbury, Joanne, Doutriaux, Miriam Agnes, Ishihara, Reiko, and Tokovinine, Alexandre, pp. 85–99. Pre-Columbian Art at Dumbarton Oaks, No. 4. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D. 2012b Painted Vessel. In Ancient Maya Art at Dumbarton Oaks, edited by Pillsbury, Joanne, Doutriaux, Miriam Agnes, Ishihara, Reiko, and Tokovinine, Alexandre, pp. 314–321. Pre-Columbian Art at Dumbarton Oaks, No. 4. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D., and Stuart, David 1989 The Way Glyph: Evidence for “Co-Essences” among the Classic Maya. Research Reports on Ancient Maya Writing, Vol. 30. Center for Maya Research, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D., and Stuart, David 2001 Peopling the Classic Maya Court. In Royal Courts of the Ancient Maya, Volume One: Theory, Comparison, and Synthesis, edited by Inomata, Takeshi and Houston, Stephen D., pp. 54–83. Westview Press, Boulder.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D., Stuart, David, and Taube, Karl A. 1989 Folk Classification of Classic Maya Pottery. American Anthropologist 91:720–726.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D., Stuart, David, and Taube, Karl A. 2006 The Memory of Bones: Body, Being, and Experience among the Classic Maya. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D., Robertson, John, and Stuart, David 2000 The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions. Current Anthropology 41:321–356.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D., Taube, Karl, and Stuart, David 1992 Image and Text on the “Jauncy Vase”. In Maya Vase Book: A Corpus of Rollout Photographs of Maya Vases, Vol. 3, edited by Kerr, Justin and Kerr, Barbara, pp. 498–512. Kerr Associates, New York.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D., and Mathews, Peter 1985 The Dynastic Sequence of Dos Pilas, Guatemala. Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen D., and Inomata, Takeshi 2009 The Classic Maya. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Jackson, Sarah E. 2005 Deciphering Classic Maya Political Hierarchy: Epigraphic, Archaeological, and Ethnohistoric Perspectives on the Courtly Elite. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Jackson, Sarah E. 2009 Imagining Courtly Communities: An Exploration of Classic Maya Experiences of Status and Identity through Painted Ceramic Vessels. Ancient Mesoamerica 20:71–85.Google Scholar
Jackson, Sarah E., and Stuart, David 2001 The Aj K'uhun Title: Deciphering a Classic Maya Term of Rank. Ancient Mesoamerica 12:217–228.Google Scholar
Joyce, Rosemary A., and Henderson, John S. 2007 From Feasting to Cuisine: Implications of Archaeological Research in an Early Honduran Village. American Anthropologist 109:642–653.Google Scholar
Just, Bryan R. 2012 Dancing into Dreams: Maya Vase Painting of the Ik' Kingdom. Princeton University Art Museum. Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
Kaufman, Terrence S. 2002 A Preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies Inc. Electronic document, http://www.famsi.org/reports/01051/index.html, accessed December 16, 2013.Google Scholar
Kerr, Justin (editor) 2013 Maya Vase Database. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies Inc./Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles. Electronic database, http://research.mayavase.com/kerrmaya.html, accessed December 16, 2013.Google Scholar
Lacadena García-Gallo, Alfonso 2000 Antipassive Constructions in the Maya Glyphic Texts. Written Language and Literacy 3:155–180.Google Scholar
Lacadena García-Gallo, Alfonso 2008 El titulo Lakam: Evidencia epigráfica sobre la organización tributary y militar interna de los reinos Mayas del Clásico. Mayab 20:23–44.Google Scholar
Laporte, Juan Pedro, Ramos, Carmen E., Aguirre, Isabel, Archiva, Raúl, Barrera, Hugo, Rojas, Julio Cañas, Silvestre, Mynor, López, Nora María, Quezada, Heidy, and Alvarado, Marco Tulio 1998 Nuevos reconocimientos y exploraciones en el área de Sacul, Dolores. In Reporte 12, Atlas Arqueológico De Guatemala, edited by Laporte, Juan Pedro, pp. 353–375. Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural y Natural, Guatemala City.Google Scholar
Laporte, Juan Pedro, and Mejía, Hector E. 2005 Ixkun, Petén, Guatemala: Exploraciones En Una Ciudad Del Alto Mopan, 1985–2005. Atlas Arqueológico de Guatemala, Guatemala City.Google Scholar
Laporte, Juan Pedro, and Mejía, Hector E. 2006 Sacul, Petén, Guatemala: Exploraciones En Una Entidad Política De Las Montañas Mayas, 1985–2006. Atlas Arqueológico de Guatemala, Guatemala City.Google Scholar
Laporte, Juan Pedro, and Escobedo, Héctor L. 1992 Ixtutz, centro rector al oeste del valle de Dolores, Petén. Mexicon 14:90–98.Google Scholar
Law, Danny A., Robertson, John S., Houston, Stephen D., and Haertel, Robbie 2009 Most Maya Glyphs Are Written in Ch'olti'an. In The Ch'orti' Maya Area: Past and Present, edited by Metz, Brent E., McNeil, Cameron L., and Hull, Kerry M., pp. 29–42. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
LeCount, Lisa 1999 Polychrome Pottery and Political Strategies in Late and Terminal Classic Lowland Maya Society. Latin American Antiquity 10:239–258.Google Scholar
LeCount, Lisa 2001 Like Water for Chocolate: Feasting and Political Ritual among the Late Classic Maya at Xunantunich, Belize. American Anthropologist 103:935–953.Google Scholar
LeCount, Lisa 2010 Mount Maloney People? Domestic Pots, Everyday Practice, and the Social Formation of the Xunantunich Polity. In Classic Maya Provincial Politics: Xunantunich and Its Hinterlands, edited by Yaeger, Lisa LeCount and Jason, pp. 209–230. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
LeCount, Lisa, and Yaeger, Jason 2010 Conclusions: Placing Xunantunich and Its Hinterland Settlemenst in Perspective. In Classic Maya Provincial Politics: Xunantunich and Its Hinterlands, edited by LeCount, Lisa and Yaeger, Jason, pp. 337–369. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Marcus, Joyce 2003 Recent Advances in Maya Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research 11:71–148.Google Scholar
Martin, Simon 1996 Tikal's “Star War” against Naranjo. In Eighth Palenque Round Table, 1993, edited by Macri, Martha J. and McHargue, Jan, pp. 223–236. Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Martin, Simon 2003 Moral-Reforma y la contienda por el oriente de Tabasco. Arqueología Mexicana 11 (61):44–47.Google Scholar
Martin, Simon 2008 Three Panels from La Corona? /Site Q K9126, K9127, K9128: Commentary from Simon Martin. Electronic document, http://www.mayavase.com/corona/La_Corona.html, accessed December 16, 2013.Google Scholar
Martin, Simon, and Skidmore, Joel 2012 Exploring the 584286 Correlation between the Maya and European Calendars. Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute Journal 13:3–16.Google Scholar
Martin, Simon, and Grube, Nikolai 1995 Maya Superstates: How a Few Powerful Kingdoms Vied for Control of the Maya Lowlands During the Classic Period (a.d. 300–900). Archaeology 48:41–46.Google Scholar
Martin, Simon, and Grube, Nikolai 2008[2000] Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. Thames & Hudson, London.Google Scholar
Mathews, Peter 2001[1977] The Inscription on the Back of Stela 8, Dos Pilas, Guatemala. In The Decipherment of Maya Hieroglyphic Writing, edited by Houston, Stephen D., Stuart, David, and Mazariegos, Oswaldo Chinchilla, pp. 394–415. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Mathews, Peter 1991 Classic Maya Emblem Glyphs. In Classic Maya Political History: Hieroglyphic and Archaeological Evidence, edited by Culbert, T. Patrick, pp. 19–29. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Mayer, Karl Herbert 2003 A Polychrome Maya Vase from Sacul 1, Peten. Mexicon 25:143–145.Google Scholar
Merwin, Raymond Edwin, and Vaillant, George Clapp 1932 The Ruins of Holmul, Guatemala. Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Miller, Mary Ellen, and Martin, Simon 2004 Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya. Thames & Hudson, New York.Google Scholar
Mora-Marín, David, Hopkins, Nicholas and Josserand, Kathryn 2009 The Linguistic Affiliation of Classic Lowland Mayan and the Historical Sociolinguistic Georgraphy of the Mayan Lowlands. In The Ch'orti' Maya Area: Past and Present, edited by Metz, Brent E., McNeil, Cameron L. and Hull, Kerry M., pp. 15–28. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Moriarty, Matthew 2012 History, Politics, and Ceramics: The Ceramic Sequence of Trinidad de Nosotros, El Petén, Guatemala. In Politics, History, and Economy at the Classic Maya Center of Motul De San José, Guatemala, edited by Foias, Antonia E. and Emery, Kitty, pp. 194–228. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Munson, Jessica L., and Macri, Martha J. 2009 Sociopolitical Network Interactions: A Case Study of the Classic Maya. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 28:424–438.Google Scholar
Patterson, Leonardo 1992 The Magic of Middle American Culture Before 1492. Bavariadruck, Austria.Google Scholar
Prager, Christian, Wagner, Elisabeth, Matteo, Sebastian and Krempel, Guido 2010 A Reading for the Xultun Toponymic Title as B'aax (Tuun) Witz ‘Ajaw “Lord of the B'aax-(Stone) Hill”. Mexicon 32:74–77.Google Scholar
Reents-Budet, Dorie 2000a Classic Maya Concepts of the Royal Court: An Analysis of Renderings on Pictorial Ceramics. In Royal Courts of the Ancient Maya, Volume One: Theory, Comparison, and Synthesis, edited by Inomata, Takeshi and Houston, Stephen D., pp. 195–233. Westview, Boulder.Google Scholar
Reents-Budet, Dorie 2000b Feasting among the Classic Maya: Evidence from the Pictorial Ceramics. In The Maya Vase Book: A Corpus of Rollout Photographs of Maya Vases, Vol. 6, edited by Kerr, Barbara and Kerr, Justin, pp. 1022–1037. Kerr Associates, New York.Google Scholar
Reents-Budet, Dorie, Ball, Joseph, Taschek, Jennifer, and Bishop, Ronald L. 2000 Out of the Palace Dumps: Ceramic Production and Use at Buenavista del Cayo, Belize. Ancient Mesoamerica 11:99–121.Google Scholar
Reents-Budet, Dorie, Ball, Joseph W., Bishop, Ronald L., Fields, Virginia M., and MacLeod, Barbara 1994 Painting the Maya Universe: Royal Ceramics of the Classic Period. Duke University Press, Durham.Google Scholar
Robertson, John, Law, Danny, and Haertel, Robbie 2010 Colonial Ch'olti’: The Seventeenth-Century Morán Manuscript. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Saturno, William A., Taube, Karl A., Stuart, David, and Hurst, Heather 2005 The Murals of San Bartolo, El Petén, Guatemala. Part 1, the North Wall. Ancient America, No. 7. Center for Ancient American Studies, Barnardsville.Google Scholar
Stone, Andrea, and Zender, Marc 2011 Reading Maya Art: A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Maya Painting and Sculpture. Thames & Hudson, New York.Google Scholar
Stuart, David 1993 Historical Inscriptions and the Maya Collapse. In Lowland Maya Civilization in the Eighth Century a.d., edited by Sabloff, Jeremy A. and Henderson, John S., pp. 321–354. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Stuart, David 1998 “The Fire Enters His House”: Architecture and Ritual in Classic Maya Texts. In Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture, edited by Houston, Stephen D., pp. 373–425. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Stuart, David 2004 The Entering of the Day: An Unusual Date from Northern Campeche. Electronic document, www.mesoweb.com/stuart/notes/EnteringDay.pdf, accessed December 16, 2013.Google Scholar
Stuart, David 2006 Jade and Chocolate: Bundles of Wealth in Classic Maya Economics and Ritual. In Sacred Bundles: Ritual Acts of Wrapping and Binding in Mesoamerica, edited by Guernsey, Julia and Reilly, F. Kent, pp. 127–144. Ancient America Special Publication, No. 1. Boundary End Archaeology Research Center, Barnardsville.Google Scholar
Stuart, David 2008 Three Panels from La Corona? /Site Q K9126, K9127, K9128: Commentary from David Stuart. Electronic document, http://www.mayavase.com/corona/La_Corona.html, accessed December 16, 2013.Google Scholar
Stuart, David, and Martin, Simon 2009 Snake Kingdom: History and Politics at Calakmul and Related Royal Courts. Sourcebook for the 2009 Maya Meetings and Symposium. University of Texas at Austin, Austin.Google Scholar
Taube, Karl 1989 The Maize Tamale in Classic Maya Diet, Ethnography, and Art. American Antiquity 54:31–51.Google Scholar
Tokovinine, Alexandre 2006a Art of the Maya Epitaph: The Genre of Posthumous Biographies in the Late Classic Maya Inscriptions. In Sacred Books, Sacred Languages: Two Thousand Years of Ritual and Religious Maya Literature: Proceedings of the 8th European Maya Conference, Madrid, November 25–30, 2003, edited by Rivera, Rogelio Valencia and Fort, Geneviève Le, pp. 1–20. Acta Mesoamericana, Vol. 18. A. Saurwein, Markt Schwaben, Germany.Google Scholar
Tokovinine, Alexandre 2006b Reporte epigrafico de la temporada de 2005. In Investigaciones arqueológicas en la region de Holmul, Petén, Guatemala. Informe preliminar de la temporada 2005, edited by Belli, Francisco Estrada, pp. 347–365. Vanderbilt University, Nashville. Electronic document, http://www.vanderbilt.edu/estrada-belli/holmul/reports/, accessed December 16, 2013.Google Scholar
Tokovinine, Alexandre 2006c Reporte preliminar del análisis epigráfico e iconográfico de algunas vasijas del Proyecto Atlas Arqueológico de Guatemala, Dolores, Petén. In Reporte 20, Atlas Arqueológico De Guatemala: Exploraciones Arqueológicas En El Sureste Y Centro-Oeste De Petén, edited by Laporte, Juan Pedro and Mejía, Hector E., pp. 364–383. Dirección General del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural, Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, Guatemala City.Google Scholar
Tokovinine, Alexandre 2010 The Western Sun: An Unusual Tzolk'in – Haab Correlation in Classic Maya Inscriptions. Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute Journal 11(2):17–21.Google Scholar
Tokovinine, Alexandre 2012 Carved Panel. In Ancient Maya Art at Dumbarton Oaks, edited by Pillsbury, Joanne Miriam, Doutriaux, Agnes, Ishihara, Reiko, and Tokovinine, Alexandre, pp. 58–67. Pre-Columbian Art at Dumbarton Oaks, No. 4. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Tokovinine, Alexandre 2013 Place and Identitiy in Classic Maya Narratives. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Tokovinine, Alexandre, and Zender, Marc 2012 Lords of Windy Water: The Royal Court of Motul De San José in Classic Maya Inscriptions. In Politics, History, and Economy at the Classic Maya Center of Motul De San José, Guatemala, edited by Foias, Antonia E. and Emery, Kitty, pp. 30–66. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa's Relación de las cosas de Yucatan: A Translation. Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology Papers, Vol. 18. Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Valdés, Juan A. 1997 Tamarindito: Archaeology and Regional Politics in the Petexbatun Region. Ancient Mesoamerica 8:321–335.Google Scholar
Wichmann, Søren 2006 Mayan Historical Linguistics and Epigraphy: A New Synthesis. Annual Review of Anthropology 35:279–294.Google Scholar
Zender, Marc 2004 A Study of Classic Maya Priesthood. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, Calgary.Google Scholar