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Anatolian marashanha and the many uses of fennel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

S.P.B. Durnford
Affiliation:
c/o British Institute at Ankara
J.R. Akeroyd
Affiliation:
c/o British Institute at Ankara

Abstract

The Hittites used the seeds of a particular plant, now known to have been called marashanha, in a ritual for cursing a conquered city to ensure its desolation. Other parts of the same plant provided food and medicine. We have combined textual, botanical, linguistic and herbalist evidence to propose that marashanha denoted at least one species of fennel. This plant readily colonises deserted habitation sites and possesses properties in common with marashanha. We further propose that the Anatolian word ‘marashanha’ has a common origin with the Greek word for fennel, ‘marath(r)o-’, and that the impact of folk etymology on the latter reflects the use of fennel as a female contraceptive. Fennel's ability to inhibit conception accords with the barrenness which the Hittite ritual sought to impose upon a conquered city.

Özet

Hititler dini törenlerde zapdettikleri bir şehri lanetlemek ve tümüyle tahrip edildiğini garantilemek için ‘marashanha’ adıyla bilinen kendine has bir bitkinin tohumlarını kullanmışlardır. Hititler bu bitkinin diğer kısımlarından da yiyecek ve ilaç temin etmişlerdir. Biz, metne ait bilgileri, botanik, dil bilimi ve şifali bitkiler biliminden topladiğımız bilgiler ile birleştirerek marashanha' nın rezene bitkisinin, en az bir türü olduğunu önermekteyiz. Bu bitki terkedilmiş yerleşim alanlarında kendiliğinden çoğalır ve ‘marashanha’ ile ortak vasıflara sahiptir. Eski Anadolu'da kullanılan ‘marashanha’ kelimesi ile Grekçe'de rezene bitkisinin adı olan ‘marath(r)o-’ kelimesinin ortak bir kökeni olduğunu ve rezenenin doğum kontrol yöntemi olarak kullanılması sonucu halk etimolojisinin ‘marath(r)o-’ kelimesinin şekillenmesini etkilediğini de önermekteyiz. Rezene bitkisinin gebeliği önleyici bu gücü ile Hititler'in dini törenlerde ele geçirdikleri bir şehri çoraklaştırmaya çalışmaları birbiriyle uyumludur.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 2005

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