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Royalist Propaganda and “La Porción Humilde Del Pueblo” During Mexican Independence*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2015

Hugh M. Hamill Jr.
Hugh M. Hamill Jr.*
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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Extract

The Alhóndiga of Guanajuato fell to the irregular army of Miguel Hidalgo and Ignacio Allende on September 28, 1810, in one of the most celebrated events in Mexican independence history. With the collapse of the economic and political capital of the Bajío, control over a major province of New Spain was wrenched from traditional authority. The rebellion in Tierradentro, as it was called in the City of Mexico, had been watched nervously for a fortnight by an Establishment sensitized to previous domestic tumultos and to social revolution of the most frightening sort in Haiti. The Hidalgo revolt was quickly and accurately perceived as a major threat to a well ordered way of life. There was, moreover, an acute awareness that the drought years of 1808 and 1809 and the soaring price of maize in 1810 had contributed to volatile social conditions which would surely exacerbate any uprising. Now the worst fears had been realized with the sack of Guanajuato.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Americas , Volume 36 , Issue 4 , April 1980 , pp. 423 - 444
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1980

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Footnotes

*

Research for this article was funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Research Foundation of the University of Connecticut. A shorter version was presented at the 41st International Congress of Americanists, Mexico City, September 1974. Material quoted herein is in Spanish except when no loss of the original's flavor results from translation into English.

References

1 For a lurid tract which scared the gente decente in New Spain, see Dubroca, Louis, Vida de J.J. Dessalines, gefe de los negros de Santo Domingo (México, 1806)Google Scholar. Univ. of Connecticut Special Collections.

2 Florescano, Enrique, Precios del maíz y crisis agrícolas en México (1708–1810) (México, 1969), p. 197.Google Scholar

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4 For an introduction to the range of response to the insurrection, see Hamill, H.M. Jr., “Royalist Counterinsurgency in the Mexican War for Independence: The Lessons of 1811,” HAHR, 53 (August 1973), 470–89.Google Scholar

5 For a full discussion of arguments presented to the criollos, see Hamill, H.M. Jr., “Early Psychological Warfare in the Hidalgo Revolt,” HAHR, 41 (May 1961), 206–35Google Scholar; also, Hamill, , The Hidalgo Revolt: Prelude to Mexican Independence (Gainesville, 1966), pp. 151–66.Google Scholar

6 Edicto instructivo que el Ilustrísimo Señor Don Manuel Abad Queypo, Obispo electo de Michoacán, dirige a sus diocesanos (Valladolid, September 30, 1810) [México, 1810], p. 17.

7 Proclama de una americana a sus compatricios, sobre la obligación y modo de hacer la guerra a los nuevos enemigos de la religión y del estado (México, 1810), pp. 1, 2, 6. Sutro.

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15 J. T. M., El Napoleon de América (México, 1810), p. 3. Sutro.

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17 A few important sermons were published, and these are considered with other pamphlets.

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25 Ibid., pp. 5–6.

26 Montaña, Luis, Carácter político y marcial de los insurgentes comprobado en Aculeo el 7 de noviembre (México, 1810), pp. 3–4.Google Scholar Sutro. Italics his.

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32 Ibid., pp. 2–3.

33 Fernández de San Salvador, p. 8.

34 Ibid., pp. 3–4, 6, 7.

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39 Fernández de San Salvador, p. 3.

40 Conversación … , p. 4.

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46 Fernández de San Salvador, p. 2.

47 Montaña, p. 2.

48 Fernández de San Salvador, pp. 4, 5, 6.

49 de San Salvador, Agustín Pomposo Fernández, La América en el trono español. Exclamación del Dr. D. … que da alguna idea de lo que son los diputados de estos dominios en Las Cortes (México, 1810), p. 12.Google Scholar Archivo General de la Nación, Impresos Oficiales, t. 31, #22. Italics his.

50 The most specific allusion to Hidalgo’s purported intentions is found in Archbishop Francisco Lizana y Beaumont’s Bando. Mexico, October 18, 1810. Archivo Histórico, I.N.A.H., Colección Gómez de Orozco, Papeles Varios, Imps., Leg. 62, VI, #3c.

51 E1 Mexicano A. V., pp. 6–7, 10. Italics his.

52 Ibid., p. 8.

53 Ibid., pp. 15–16. Italics his.

54 The Hidalgo Revolt, pp. 175–77.