¹ A general but superficial study of Colombian transportation problems during the late nineteenth century underlines the role of Cisneros. See: Rippy, Rippy, “Dawn of the Railway Era in Colombia,” Hispanic American Historical Review, 22, No. 4 (November, 1943), pp. 650–663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

² Cisneros, Cisneros, “Canal de Panama,” La Industria (Bogotá;), June 28, 1884, p. 127.Google Scholar

³ Sarausa, Fermín Peraza, Diccionario Biográfico Cubano, 13 Vols., IX (Gainesville, Florida: Biblioteca del Bibliotecario, 1965), p. 126.Google Scholar See also: Merchán, Rafael M., “Francisco Javier Cisneros,” Repertorio Colombiano, Bogotá, 18, No. 3 (July, 1898), 227–228.Google Scholar

⁴ Remos, Juan N. y Rubio, , Historia de La Literatura Cubana (La Habana: Cárdenas y Compañía, 1945), pp. 48–50.Google Scholar

⁵ Sarausa, Peraza, Diccionario Biográfico Cubano, 9, p. 126.Google Scholar

⁶ Ospina, Peraza, Diccionario Biográfico y Bibliográfico de Colombia, 3 Vols., I (Bogotá: Editorial Cromos, 1927–1939), p. 554.Google Scholar

⁷ Johnson, Willis Fletcher, The History of Cuba, 5 Vols., III (New York: B. F. Buck and Company, Inc., 1920), p. 332.Google Scholar

⁸ Gómez, Alfonso Javier, “Cisneros,” Repertorio Histórico, Medellín, Numeros 5–8 (Junio, 1914), 129.Google Scholar

⁹ Leisen, Theodore A., “Francisco Javier Cisneros, M. Am. Soc. C. E.” in A La Memoria de Francisco Javier Cisneros 1836 a 1898, ed. by Merchán, (Bogotá: Imprenta de “La Luz,” 1900), p. 128.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Merchán, (ed.), A La Memoria de Francisco Javier Cisneros 1836 a 1898, pp. 2–196.Google Scholar

¹¹ Letter from John Dunlap to the writer, Registrar at Renselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, November 6, 1968.

¹² Leisen, , “Francisco Javier Cisneros, M. Am. Soc. C. E.,” p. 128 Google Scholar; see also “Railways: Matanzas and Sabanilla,” London Times, December 1, 1875, 6.

¹³ Cisneros, Francisco J., Relación Documentada de Cinco Espediciones (Nueva York: Imprenta de Hallet y Breen, 1870), pp. 4–5 Google Scholar; see also “Havana: Cuban Railroads,” New York Times, August 18, 1867, 5; and “Railways: Bay of Havannah and Matanzas,” London Times, November 26, 1866, 3.

¹⁴ Cisneros, , Relación Documentada de Cinco Espediciones, p. 4 Google Scholar; see also Norton, Albert J., Norton’s Complete Handbook of Havana and Cuba (Chicago: Rand, McNally and Co., 1900), p. 232.Google Scholar

¹⁵ The narrow-gauge railways are those which have the rail set from three feet to three feet four inches apart.

¹⁶ Cisneros, , Ferro-carriles de Vía Estrecha (Neuva York: Imprenta de Hallet y Breen, 1872), p. 60.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada, 70 Vols., XIII (Barcelona: Hijos de Espasa, 1933-),p. 485.

¹⁸ Cisneros, , La Verdad Histórica sobre Succesos de Cuba (Nueva York: Imprenta de M. M. Zarzamendi, 1871), pp. 67–68.Google Scholar

¹⁹ Alcovey, Antonio Miguel y Beltrán, , Historia de la Villa de Sagüa La Grande y su Jurisdicción (Sagüa La Grande, Cuba: Imprentas Unidas “La Historia” y “El Correo Español,” 1905), pp. 117–119, 123–128.Google Scholar See also: Ponte, Francisco J. y Domínguez, , Matanzas: Biografía de una Provincia (La Habana: Academia de Historia de Cuba, 1959), pp. 10–114 Google Scholar; Ximeno, , Los Ferrocarriles de Cuba (La Habana: Rambla, Bouza y Cía., 1912), pp. 3–300.Google Scholar

²⁰ Cisneros, , “El Ferocarril de Antioquia (Continuación),” Diario Oficial (Bogotá;), June 22, 1894, 595.Google Scholar

²¹ Merchán, , “Francisco Javier Cisneros,” 229.Google Scholar

²³ Cuba: The Havana Press, New York Times, November 22, 1868, 5; see also “Affairs in Cuba: Suppression of Newspapers,” New York Times, January 1, 1869, 5.

²³ Cisneros, , La Verdad Histórica sobre Succesos de Cuba, p. 6.Google Scholar

²⁴ Cisneros, (ed.), Relación Documentada de Cinco Espediciones, p. 6 Google Scholar; see also: Jaramillo, Gabriel Giraldo, Colombia y Cuba 1853–1953 (Bogotá: Minerva, 1953), pp. 81–83.Google Scholar In 1871, Cisneros served temporarily as ambassador of the Cuban Revolutionary Junta in Peru. See: Rojas, Eladio Aguilera, Francisco V. Aguilera y la Revolución de Cuba de 1868, 2 Vols., I (La Habana: Librería e Imprenta La Moderna Poesía, 1909), pp. 143–149.Google Scholar

²⁵ Triana, Santos Pérez, “Recuerdos de F. J. Cisneros,” in Francisco Javier Cisneros: Homenaje del Gobierno … , ed. by Andrade, Andrade (Bogotá, 1948), pp. 43–58 Google Scholar; see also Cisneros (ed.), Relación Documentada de Cinco Espediciones; See also Cisneros, , La Verdad Histórica sobre Sucesos de Cuba (Neuva York, 1871)Google Scholar; see also Johnson, , The History of Cuba, 3, pp. 155–288 Google Scholar; see also the following New York Times articles: “The Steamer Anna” January 10, 1870, 5; “The Later Particulars; the Crew and the Passengers; Further Action of the Authorities,” January 6, 1870, 5; “Telegrams: Capture of the Upton Expedition by the Spaniards,” April 6, 1870, 1; “Cuban Affairs: Trial of the Cuban Government,” January 4, 1870, 1; “Cuban Affairs: Further Facts about the Upton,” January 17, 1870, 2; “West Indies: Cuba,” January 24, 1870, 1; “Cuba: … Landing of Fillibusters,” May 25, 1869, 1; “uba,” January 5, 1869, 1; “Cuban Affairs: War News,” March 26, 1871, 1; “Cuba,” March 26, 1869, 5; “Cuban Affairs: The Central Department,” July 21, 1871, 2; “Affairs in Cuba,” April 24, 1869, 1; "Cuban Affairs: Confiscation,” April 26, 1869, 5; “The Cisneros Claim,” December 8, 1873, 1; “ The Fillibustering Spirit ” (Editorial), March 29, 1869, 4.

²⁶ [Merchán], La Honra de España por un Cubano; see also Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada, Vol. XIII.

²⁷ The writer has been unable to determine the extent of Cisneros’ property confiscated by the Spanish authorities. However most of his property was in real estate and principally in Havana. In April of 1869, Cisneros and some other revolutionary leaders were promised the return of their property by Governor-General Domingo Dulce if they withdrew from the revolution. Cisneros rejected the offer. See “ Cuban Affairs,” New York Times, April 24, 1869, 1; “Cuban Affairs: Confiscation,” New York Times, April 26, 1869, 5; and Datos Oficiales Referentes a los Bienes Mandados Embargar en la Isla de Cuba (La Habana: Inprenta del Gobierno y Capitanía General, 1870), pp. 109, 175, 179.

²⁸ Basadre, Jorge, Historia de la República del Peru, 10 Vols. IV (Lima: Ediciones Historia, 1961), pp. 1713–1729.Google Scholar

²⁹ del Perú, Los Ferocarriles: Colección de Leyes, Decretos, Contratos, 3 Vols., I-III (Lima: Imprenta del Estado, 1871), pp. 80–81, 230–231, 258–259.Google Scholar

³⁰ Stewart, Watt, Henry Meiggs: Yankee Pizarro (Durham: Duke University Press, 1946), p. 95.Google Scholar

³¹ Cisneros, , Ferro-carriles de Vía Estrecha, p. 139.Google Scholar

³² Evidently the Cisneros-Menocal enterprise was not very successful, for only one year after the company was founded, Cisneros left for Peru, almost broke, and Menocal continued working on the Nicaragua Canal project. See Du Val, Miles F. Jr., Cadiz to Cathy (New York: Greenwood Publishers, 1968), pp. 67, 77–85, 105.Google Scholar

³³ Cisneros, , Ferro-carriles de Via Estrecha, pp. 140–149.Google Scholar

³⁴ Ibid., p. 3: see also Grodinsky, Julius, Transcontinental, 1869–1893: A Study of Business Men (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1962), pp. 20–26, 53–59, 172–174, 421–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³⁵ Cisneros, , Ferro-carriles de Vía Estrecha, pp.17–60.Google Scholar

³⁶ Ibid., p. 3.

³⁷ Ibid., p. 4.

³⁸ Ibid.

³⁹ Ibid., p. 16.

⁴⁰ Ibid., p. 6.

⁴¹ Cisneros, , “Railroads in Peru,” Van Nostrand’s Magazine, 6 (February, 1872), 589–590.Google Scholar

⁴² Terry, Fernando Belaúnde, “The Marginal Highway of the Jungle,” Latin America ’67: The Annual Review of Latin American Business and Development (New York: Vision Incorporated, 1967), pp. 67–73 Google Scholar; see also “Peru’s President I. R. F. Man-of-the-Year,” World Highways, XVIII (August, 1967), 1–3; and Stokes, Charles J., “The Economic Impact of the Carretera Marginal de la Selva,” Traffic Quarterly, 20 (April, 1966), 203–226.Google Scholar

⁴³ Gómez, , “Cisneros,” p. 129.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ “ The Cisneros Claim.” Because of Eduardo’s participation in the Ten Years’ War, the Spanish government confiscated his property in Cuba which amounted to nineteen thousand United States dollars.

⁴⁵ Horna, Hernán, “La Variedad de las Actividades de Francisco Javier Cisneros,” Boletín de Historia y Antigüedades (Bogotá;), 57, Nos. 666–668 (April-June, 1970), pp. 205–206.Google Scholar See also: “El Señor Cisneros,” El Heraldo (Bogotá), July 14, 1895, 929.

⁴⁶ Leisen, , “Francisco Javier Cisneros, M. Am. Soc. C. E.,” pp. 13–131.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ The writer has been unable to determine the extent of Cisneros’ participation in the construction of the Oroya-Cerro de Pasco Railroad.

⁴⁸ “Carta del Ingeniero Francisco Javier Cisneros,” Documentos Facsimilares de La Vida Colombiana (Bogotá: Seguros Colombia S.A. y el Banco de la Construcción y Desarrollo, 1966), p. 29; see also Cisneros, , “El Por Que de Este Periódico,” La Industria (Bogotá;), February 15, 1883, 1.Google Scholar

⁴⁹ Cisneros, , Ferrocarril de Antioquia: Memoria sobre la Construcción de Tuerto Berrío a Barbosa (New York: Imprenta y Librería de N. Ponce de León, 1880), pp. 82–115, 151–160.Google Scholar The original Antioquia Railroad contract provided only for the construction of a railroad from the Magdalena River to Barbosa, fifty-one kilometers northeast of Medellín. It was later amended, thus, obligating Cisneros to extend the rail line to Medellín.

⁵⁰ Cisneros, , Contract between Colombia and Francisco ]. Cisneros, for the Construc-tion of a Railway between Buenaventura and the River Cauca (New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1878), pp. 2–31.Google Scholar

⁵¹ Cisneros, (ed.), Leyes y Contratos Relativos a las Empresas de Obras Públicas (Bogotá: Imprenta de “La Luz,” 1882), pp. 142–176.Google Scholar

⁵² Documentos Relativos al Ferrocarril de Antioquia: 1882–1890 (Medellín: Imprenta Oficial, 1890), pp. 23–25.

⁵³ Díaz, Alfredo Ortega, Ferrocarriles Colombianos, 2 Vols., II (Bogotá:Imprenta Nacional, 1923), p. 465.Google Scholar

⁵⁴ “Baratura en los Transportes,” La Industria (Bogotá), September 20, 1884, 617.

⁵⁵ Parsons, James J., Antioqueño Colonization in Western Colombia (Berkeley: Uni-versity of California Press, 1969), pp. 166–167.Google Scholar

⁵⁶ Letter from F. F. Whittekin to United States Vice-Consul L. M. Whelpley, Puerto Berrio, December 14, 1889, in Consular Despatches-Barranquilla, 6 Vols., IV; see also Alejandro López, Antioquia: Monografía Estadística de este Departamento Colombiano (Medellín: Imprenta Oficial, 1915), pp. 23–39.

⁵⁷ Document No. 1460 plus Appendix in Contabilidad: Balances, Cuentas y Comprobantes: 1879, CCCXI, Part II (Archivo del Ferocarril de Antioquia, Medellín).

⁵⁸ The most consequential deviation from Cisneros' blueprints was the construction of the four-kilometer tunnel of La Quiebra, sixty kilometers east of Medellín. The original blueprints provided for building the railroad across the Central cordillera at a maximum gradient of six degrees. See López, , “El Paso de La Quiebra,” El Montañés (Medellín), 2, No. 19 y 20 (June-July, 1899), 294–306 Google Scholar; and “La Perforación del Tunel de La Quiebra,” El Correo (Medellín), August 19, 1961, 11.

⁵⁹ Cauca’s struggle to build a route to the Pacific has been the subject of an extensive and well documented study. See: Neal, James H., “The Pacific Age Comes to Colombia: The Construction of the Cali-Buenaventura Route, 1854-1882” (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Vanderbilt University, 1971).Google Scholar

⁶⁰ According to Professor Paul William McGreevey the value of the Colombian peso during the nineteenth century was about the same as that of the United States dollar. See: McGreevey, Paul William, “The Economic Development of Colombia” (Unpub-lished Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1965), Appendix, Table II-A.Google Scholar

⁶¹ “Ferrocarriles,” La Industria (Bogotá), June 19, 1884, 514; see also “Ferrocarril del Cauca,” ElConservador (Bogotá), September 21, 1882, 625.

⁶² “Baratura en los Transportes,” LaIndustria (Bogotá), September 20, 1884, 617.

⁶³ “ Asuntos Económicos,” La Industria (Bogotá), September 29, 1884, 628.

⁶⁴ “Navegación,” La Industria (Bogotá), January 25, 1884, 341.

⁶⁵ “El Ferrocarril de Bolívar,” El Conservador (Bogotá), August, 14, 1884, 1942; see also: Letters from Luis G. Rivas to Francisco J. Cisneros in Borrador B. de la Familia Raimundo Rivas, pp. 1–50. This invaluable source of information is privately-owned by the descendants of Luis G. Rivas of Bogotá, Colombia; Documents 76–77, 907–922, in Ferrocarril de Bolívar, 5 Vols., II (Archivo Nacional, Biblioteca Nacional, Bogotá).

⁶⁶ “Finis Coronai Opus,” The Shipping List (Barranquilla), June 30, 1893, 4.

⁶⁷ Nichols, Theodore, “The Caribbean Gateway to Colombia: Cartagena, Santa Marta, and Barranquilla, and their Connections with the Interior, 1820–1940” (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Berkeley, 1951), p. 164.Google Scholar

⁶⁸ Ibid., p. 166.

⁶⁹ Goenaga, Miguel, Lecturas Locales: Apuntes sobre Otro Extranjero Ilustre que Amó a Barranquilla (Barranquilla: Tipografía Goenaga, 1940), p. 47.Google Scholar

⁷⁰ Goenaga, , Lecturas Locales: Crónicas de la Vieja Barranquilla, Impresiones y Recuerdos (Barranquilla: Imprenta Departmental, 1953), pp. 5–6.Google Scholar

⁷¹ Cisneros, , Leyes y Contratos Relativos a las Empresas de Obras Públicas, pp. 201–247.Google Scholar

⁷² “Correo del Atlántico,” La Industria (Bogotá), May 24, 1884, p. 478.

⁷³ Letter from William E. Curtis to United States Consul Thomas Dawson, Caracas, January 18, 1885, in Consular Despatches-Barranquilla, 6 Vols., II; see also “Navegación,” La Industria (Bogotá), January 25, 1884, p. 341.

⁷⁴ “Asuntos Económicos,” La Industria (Bogotá), September 29, 1884, p. 628.

⁷⁵ Cisneros, , El Ferrocarril de Antioquia y el Informe del Honorable Diputado Señor Pascual Oribe R. (Bogotá: Editorial A. Alcazar, 1881), p. 15.Google Scholar See also: Cisneros, , “El Por Qué de este Periódico,”La Industria (Bogotá), February 15, 1883, p. 1.Google Scholar

⁷⁶ Roldán, Salvador Camacho, “La Navegación por Vapor,” Colombia Illustrada(Bogotá), August 15, 1890, pp. 229–235.Google Scholar

⁷⁷ “Navegación del Bajo Cauca,” La Industria (Bogotá), November 27, 1884, pp. 681–682.

⁷⁸ Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Carlos Sáenz, Barranquilla, September 12, 1882, in Colección Miscelánea de Cisneros (Academia Colombiana de Historia, Bogotá).

⁷⁹ Estadística de la Navegación Fluvial: Informe del Inspector del Ramo en 1883 (Barranquilla: Imprenta de Los Andes, 1884), pp. 1–34.

⁸⁰ Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Carlos Sáenz, Puerto Berrío, January 10, 1885; Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Carlos Sáenz, Bogotá, February 24, 1886; Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Carlos Sáenz, Honda, July 9, 1886, in Colección Mis-celánea de Cisneros. See also: “Telegramas,”La Industria (Bogotá), June 28, 1884, p. 529; “La Compañía Colombiana de Transportes,” El Heraldo(Bogotá), January 27, 1895 (Supplement, p. 1).

⁸¹ Rippy, , Latin America and the Industrial Age (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1944), p. 54.Google Scholar

⁸² Compilación de los Principales Documentos sobre la Sociedad Agrícola y de Inmigración (Medellín: Imprenta Oficial, 1921), pp. 33–34.

⁸³ Cisneros, , “Memoria al Secretario de Estado,” in Ferrocarril de Antioquia: 1879–1889, 2 Vols., MMCMXXXI (Archivo Histórico de la Biblioteca Pública Piloto, Medellín, Colombia), pp. 14–15, 29.Google Scholar See also: Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Salvador Camacho Roldán, New York, November 28, 1878, in El Archivo Camacho Roldán (Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá); Bretos, Miguel, “El Archivo Camacho Roldán,” Boletín de Historia y Antigüedades (Bogotá;), 57, Nos. 666–668 (April-June, 1970), pp. 311–315.Google Scholar

⁸⁴ Minas de Antioquia: Catálogo de Minas que se Han Titulado en 161 Años desde 1739 hasta 1900 (Medellín: Imprenta Oficial, 1906), pp. 125-127, 254.

⁸⁵ At first Cisneros was opposed to the use of Chinese labor in Antioquia but when he could not recruit a sufficient number of Europeans he wanted to bring Coolies from California. See: Diario de Cisneros, 1875–1877, Primera Parte (Jardín-Museo Zoológico de Santa Fe, Medellín).

⁸⁶ Compilación de los Principales Documentos sobre la Sociedad Agrícola y de Inmigración, p. 233.

⁸⁷ Documentos Relativos al Ferrocarril de Antioquia: 1882–1890, p. 68.

⁸⁸ Cisneros, , Ferrocarril del Cauca: Repon on the Project to Construct a Railway from the Bay of Buenaventura upon the Pacific Ocean and the River Cauca (New York: Van Nostrand, 1878),pp. 66–75, 78–92Google Scholar; see also Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to El Secretario de Hacienda y Fomento, Medellín, August 29, 1879, in Ferrocarril de Antioquia: 1879-1889, 2 Vols., MMCMXXXIX (Archivo Histórico de la Biblioteca Pública Piloto, Medellín).

⁸⁹ Cisneros, , Leyes y Contratos Relativos a las Empresas de Obras Públicas, pp. 250–253.Google Scholar

⁹⁰ Cordovez Moure, José María, Reminiscencias de Santa Fe de Bogotá, edited by Elisa Mujía (Madrid: Imprenta Aguilar, 1962), pp. 1520–1521.Google Scholar

⁹¹ United States Vice-Consul L. M. Whelpley to Assistant Secretary of State Alvey A. Adee, November 19, 1889, Report No. 76, Consular Despatches-Barranquilla, 6 Vols., IV.

⁹² Goenaga, , Lecturas Locales: Apuntes sobre Cisneros (Barranquilla: Tipografía Goenaga, 1939), pp. 10–11.Google Scholar See also: “Junta Agrícola de Barranquilla,” El Heraldo (Bogotá), August 30, 1894, p. 621.

⁹³ Cisneros, , Leyes y Contratos Relativos a las Empresas de Obras Públicas, pp. 273–275.Google Scholar Unfortunately this project was not followed up because the Colombian government did not make effective the land grant.

⁹⁴ The complete collection of this newspaper may be found at the Luis-Angel Arango Library in Bogotá, Colombia.

⁹⁵ “Parte No Oficial: Ferrocarril de Antioquia,” Boletín Oficial (Medellín), November 2, 1874, p. 890; see also Restrepo, Lucio, “El Ferrocarril de Antioquia,”La Industria December 31, 1883, p. 316.Google Scholar

⁹⁶ Cisneros, , A Propósito de una Sentencia (Bogotá: Tipografía de “La Luz,” 1898), pp. 3–45 Google Scholar; see also Goenaga, , Lecturas Locales: Apuntes sobre Cisneros, pp. 46–47;Google Scholar “Contrato,” Rejistro Official (Medellín). May 13, 1884; “Ferrocarril de Girardot: Organización de una Compañía Nacional,” La Industria (Bogotá), April 12, 1883, 73–74; Memoria que el Encargado de la Secretaría de Fomento Dirige al Presidente de los Estados Unidos de Colombia (Bogotá: Imprenta Torres Amaya e Hijo, 1883), p. 19. Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Carlos Sáenz, Honda, November 27, 1884, in Colección Miscelánea de Cisneros.

⁹⁷ Cisneros, , A Propósito de una Sentencia, pp. 7–25 Google Scholar; see also: Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Ribón, Castro y Compañía, London, August 27, 1883; Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Diego de Castro, Barranquilla, February 8, 1884; Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Salvador Camacho Roldán, Bogotá, June 26, 1884; Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Salvador Camacho Roldán, Bogotá, August 11, 1884; Letter from Diego de Castro to Salvador Camacho Roldán, Bogotá, June 27, 1884, in El Archivo Camacho Roldán. The Barranquilla Railway and Pier Company Limited, Serial No. 26163, Vol. F, 1889–1899 (Companies Registration Office, London, England); Letter from G. Jenner to Foreign Office, Bogotá, December 22, 1892, in Foreign Office, 55–357, pp. 74–75 (Public Record Office, London, England).

⁹⁸ “Contrato,” Rejistro Official (Medellín), May 13, 1884, 4977; see also “Ferrocarril de Girardot,” La Industria (Bogotá), November 6, 1883, 274; Empresa de Navegación,”La Industria (Bogotá), October 18, 1883, 257; “Informes Anuales,” La Industrial (Bogotá), March 7, 1884, 389; “El Señor Diego de Castro,” La Industria (Bogotá), May 3, 1884, 449; “Ferrocarril del Cauca,” La Industria (Bogotá), December 17, 1883, 297; and Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Carlos Sáenz, Honda, November 27, 1884, in Colección Miscelánea de Cisneros.

⁹⁹ Contabilidad: Balances, Cuentas y Comprobantes: 1874–1876, CCVI (Archivo del Ferrocarril de Antioquia, Medellín), pp. 2–30; see also United States Consul Thomas Davis to Assistant Secretary of State John Davis, July 29, 1884, Report No. 103, Consular Despatches-Barranquilla, 6 Vols., I.

¹⁰⁰ Goenaga, Lecturas Locales: Apuntes sobre Cisneros, pp. 11, 46–47.

¹⁰¹ Roldán, Salvador Camacho, Escritos Varios, 3 Vols., I. (Bogotá Librería Colombiana, 1892), p. 176.Google Scholar

¹⁰² Contabilidad: Balances, Cuentas y Comprobantes: 1874–1876, CCCVI (Archivo del Ferrocarril de Antioquia, Medellín), pp. 2–30; see also: Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Carlos Sáenz, Girardot, Colombia, August 25, 1882; Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Carlos Sáenz, Puerto Berrío, Colombia, April 23, 1884; Letter from Francisco J. Ciscneros to Carlos Sáenz, Honda, Colombia, February 18, 1885, in Colección Miscelánea de Cisneros; United States Consul Bendix Koppel to the Assistant Secretary of State, July 14, 1880, Report No. 32, Consular Despatches-Bogotá, 4 Vols., I; Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Salvador Camacho Roldán; New York, November 29, 1878, in El Archivo Camacho Roldán; Horna, “Francisco Javier Cisneros: A Pioneer in Transportation and Economic Development in Colombia, ” (UnpublishedPh. D. dissertation, Vanderbilt University, 1970), pp. 89, 94, 96–97, 190, 207, 232, 234, 268–269.Google Scholar

¹⁰³ Cisneros, , Ferrocarril de Antioquia: Memoria sobre la Construcción de Tuerto Berrío a Barbosa (Nueva York: Imprenta de Hallet y Breen, 1872), pp. 2–6 Google Scholar; see also Cisneros, , “Canal de Panamá,” La Industria (Bogotá;), July 12, 1883, 169 Google Scholar; Letter from William E. Curtis to United States Consul Thomas Dawson, Caracas, January 18, 1885, in Consular Despatches-Barranquilla, 6 Vols., II.

¹⁰⁴ Aguilera, Miguel, “Las Huellas de Cisneros en Antioquia,” El Colombiano Literario (Medellín), August 8, 1965, 1.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁵ Memoria del Secretario de Hacienda y Fomento Dirigida al Presidente de la Unión para el Congreso de 1879 (Bogotá: Imprenta a Cargo de H. Andrade, 1879), p. 183.

¹⁰⁶ By 1886, Cisneros was already one of the richest and most influential men in Colombia. See United States Consul Victor Vifquain to Assistant Secretary of State James Porter, December 15, 1886, Report No. 27, Consular Despatches-Barranquilla, 6 Vols., III.

¹⁰⁷ Cisneros, , A Propósito de una Sentencia, pp. 38–39.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁸ Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Eustaquio Palacios, Buenaventura, November 15, 1882, in La Industria (Bogotá), May 31, 1884, 491.

¹⁰⁹ Letter from Francisco J. Cisneros to Carlos Sáenz, Bogotá, August 22, 1884, in Colección Miscelánea de Cisneros.

¹¹⁰ Letter from Anibal Galindo to Rafael M. Merchán, Bogotá, July 9, 1898, in A law Memoria de Francisco Javier Cisneros 1836 a 1898, edited by Merchán, p. 24.

¹¹¹ Cisneros, , Report and Documents on the Bolívar Railway (London: Edward and Jones, 1887), p. 22.Google Scholar See also: Bernhart, D. S., “Colombian Transport and the Reforms of 1931: An Evaluation,” Hispanic American Historical Review, 38 (February, 1958), pp. 1–24.Google Scholar