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Forced Labor in Colonial Peru

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2015

Donald L. Wiedner
Donald L. Wiedner*
Affiliation:
Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts
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Extract

The well organized Inca nation of Peru yielded to the Spanish quest for precious metals and mission fields. The new Indian subjects, having developed stable economic and political nationhood before the conquest, were accustomed to work and amenable to organization. Out of this substance, a colonial state could be moulded to make a substantial contribution to the Spanish purposes.

Spaniards readily rationalized that precious metals were material rewards for the missions' spiritual ambitions; conquest itself had precedents both among the Romans and the Incas, but Spain's Christianity gave her even greater justification.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Americas , Volume 16 , Issue 4 , April 1960 , pp. 357 - 383
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1960

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References

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55 Jaimes, op. cit., p. 535; Basadre, op. cit., pp. 344–345. Helmer, “Potosí,” p. 35, says the Indians were soon driven out of the barracks in which they lived, and the barracks given over to “skinflints and prostitutes.”

56 Cobb, “Potosí,” pp. 41–42; Acosta, op. cit., pp. 242–243; Escalona Agüerro, op. cit., lib. II, part ii, cap. I, p. 113; Martínez Arzanz y Vela, op. cit., pp. 189–190; Basadre, op. cit., pp. 346–347; Romero, op. cit., p. 168; Helms, Anton Zachariah, Travels from Buenos Ayres by Potosí to Lima (London, 1806), pp. 44,Google Scholar 47; Loaisa, CDIE, XCIV, 601–603.

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71 Basadre, op. cit., p. 356; Romero, op. cit., p. 139.

72 Solórzano Pereira, op. cit., I, 107; “… Montesclaros …,” CDAO, VI, 217.

73 Solórzano Pereira, op. cit., I, 109–110.

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75 Solórzano Pereira, op. cit., I, 111.

76 Ulloa, , Noticias secretas, 1, 299;Google Scholar Basadre, op. cit., p. 356.

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78 Solórzano Pereira, op. cit., I, 112.

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82 Solórzano Pereira, op. cit., I, 69.

83 Ibid., I, 72; Escalona Agüerro, op. cit., lib. II, parte ii, cap. XIX, pp. 201–203; “… Montesclaros …” CDAO, VI, 221, 224; Loaisa, CDIE, XCIV, 604.

84 Basadre, op. cit., p. 326; “Relación … [del] Conde de Superunda,” Memorias de los virreyes, IV, 91.

85 Salaman, Redcliffe N., The History and Social Influence of the Potato (Cambridge [England], 1949), p. 12;Google Scholar Baudin, , Les Incas du Pérou, p. 133;Google Scholar Matienzo, op. cit., p. 14; Acosta, op. cit., p. 286; Solórzano Pereira, op. cit., I, 99–101; Moll, op. cit., pp. 14, 47, 172.

86 Romero, op. cit., p. 105.

87 Campo, y De la, Rynaga, Memorial histórico y iurídico, p. 6;Google Scholar “Relación de … Gil de Taboada y Lemos,” Memorias de los virreyes, VI, 75; Ulloa, , Noticias secretas, 1, 263–270.Google Scholar

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91 Acosta, op. cit., p. 465; Ulloa, , Noticias secretas, 1, 258,Google Scholar 317–321.

92 Solórzano Pereira, op. cit., I, 59, 62, 63, 93.

93 “Reales cédulas,” (19 August 1598 and 29 December 1593), CDAO, XVIII, 554; Hanke, L., The First Social Experiments in America: A study in the development of Spanish Indian Policy in the Sixteenth Century (Cambridge [Massachusetts], 1935), p. 27.Google Scholar

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101 Miller, John, Memoirs of General Miller in the Service of the Republic of Peru (2nd ed.; 2 vols.; London, 1829), II, 309.Google Scholar

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