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Consent to Ascent The Baltimore Affair and the U.S. Rise to World Power Status

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2015

Joyce S. Goldberg
Joyce S. Goldberg*
Affiliation:
University of Texas, at Arlington
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Extract

The city where trouble began in 1891, Valparaíso, Chile, was a memorable place. Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, the nineteenth-century Chilean historian and political leader, has rightly written that the history of Valparaíso has been the history of the sea. An old port, once a more important city than it is now, built around and especially on top of steep hills reached by rickety lifts, Valparaíso still has a grace and character unlike that of most other ports—its landscape resembles an untamed San Francisco. At one time it was a thriving commercial center and hub of naval activity, important not only for the direction of Chilean history but for that of much of South America as well. In the nineteenth century, with Chilean independence and the later decay of the Peruvian port of Callao, Valparaíso rapidly became the maritime capital of the Pacific and an important focus of naval enterprises for continental defense. Then, after decades of prosperity, its importance declined and the fortunes of other coastal cities arose.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Americas , Volume 41 , Issue 1 , July 1984 , pp. 21 - 35
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1984

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References

1 The Papers of Benjamin F. Tracy, Letter Book II, File #10, January 1890, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. On the Baltimore’s size and capabilities see Log Book of the U.S.S. Baltimore, preface, no date, no page; The Executive Documents of the House of Representatives (hereafter referred to as House Executive Documents) 1892–93, Report of the Secretary of the Navy; and Chilian Times (of Valparaiso), April 11, 1891 and April 22, 1891.

2 Peck, Harry Thurston Twenty Years of the Republic. 1885–1905 (Dodd, Mead & Co., 1906), p. 624 Google Scholar; Schley, Winfield Scott Forty-Five Years Under the Flag (D. Appleton & Co., 1904), p. 192 Google Scholar; West, Richard S. Jr., Admirals of the American Empire: The Combined Story of George Dewey, Alfred Thayer Mahan, Winfield Scott Schley, and William Thomas Sompion (Bobbs-Merrill, 1948), pp. 98–99, 295–96Google Scholar.

3 Schley, , Forty-Five Years, p. 212 Google Scholar. On the Baltimore’s orders see Blaine to Egan, #86, March 23, 1891, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States (hereafter referred to as FRUS): and Egan to McCann, April 3, 1891, Miscellaneous Correspondence of Patrick Egan, National Archives.

4 McCann to Tracy, #32, April 29, 1891, Area File #299, National Archives.

5 Brown to Tracy, September 9, 1891, House Executive Documents #91 (52nd Congress, 1st Session), 1891–1892, Naval Correspondence, p. 288; Brown to Tracy, September 20, 1891, House Executive Documents #91, Naval Correspondence, pp. 289–90; Brown to Tracy, October 11, 1891, House Executive Documents #91, Naval Correspondence, p. 292; Schley to Tracy, September 23, 1891, House Executive Documents #91, Naval Correspondence, p. 290; Ramsey to Schley, September 26, 1891, House Executive Documents #91, Naval Correspondence, p. 290.

6 Baltimore Log Book, Friday, October 16, 1891; Schley, Forty-Five Years, pp. 221–22.Google Scholar

7 Schley to Tracy, October 2, 1891, House Executive Documents #91, Naval Correspondence, p. 292: Schley to Tracy, October 4, 1891, House Executive Documents #91, Naval Correspondence, p. 292. Deposition of Schley, Winfield Scott, House Executive Documents #91, Inquiry Conducted at Mare Island, pp. 586–91.Google Scholar

8 Matte, Augusto and Ross, Agustín Memoria presentada a la excelentísima Junta de Gobierno (imprimerie et Librairie Administratives et Classiques, Paul Dupont, Paris, 1892), pp. 19 Google Scholar, 21,24,28. See also Blakemore, Harold “Los agentes revolucionarios chilenos en Europa, en 1891,” Mapocho (V, #4, 1966)Google Scholar; Fagalde, Alberto, La prensa estranjera y la dictadura chilena (Imprenta “Santiago”, Santiago, 1891)Google Scholar; and Castro, Raul Silva Prensa y periodismo en Chile, 1812–1956 (Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 1958).Google Scholar

9 Martner, Daniel Estudio de política comercial Chilena e historia económica nacional (2 vols., Imprenta Universitaria, Santiago, 1923), 2, 475 Google Scholar; Pizarro, Crisóstomo La revolución de 1891: la modernización (Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 1971), pp. 52 Google Scholar; Abstract of British Historical Statistics (Cambridge University Press, 1962), pp. 321–322; Historical Statistics of the United States (Government Printing Office, 1960), pp. 550–553.

10 Matte to Chilean Ministry of Relaciones Exteriors (hereafter referred as RREE), October 23, 1891, #42, Vol. 483, Archivos Nacionales (hereafter referred to as A ANN), Santiago.

11 Matte to RREE, October 30, 1891, #40, Vol. 483, AANN.

12 Ibid.

13 Matte to RREE, November 14, 1891, #80, Vol, 483, AANN.

14 Matte to RREE, November 28, 1891, #100, Vol. 483, AANN.

15 Matte to RREE, January 9, 1892, #159, Vol. 517, AANN.

16 Ibid.

17 January 26, 1892, #526, Bundesarchiv E 2/98–105, Bd. 2, “Schiedsgericht Zwischen Nordamerica und Chile, 1892–1895” Zurich.

18 Bulnes to RREE, January 1892, #1, Vol. 518, AANN. See also Bulnes to RREE, February 5, 1892, #5, Vol. 518, AANN.

19 Matte to RREE, December 26, 1891, #151, Vol. 483, AANN.

20 Krauss to RREE, November 5, 1891, Vol. 488, AANN.

21 South American Journal, April 6, 1889; See also Kennedy to Salisbury, April 12, 1891, #33, Foreign Office Records (hereafter referred to as F.O.), 16/265, London.

22 Kennedy to Salisbury, November 8, 1891, #123, F.O. 16/266. See also Kennedy to Salisbury, December 20, 1891, #137, F.O. 16/266.

23 London Times, October 30, 1891, p. 5.

24 Kennedy to Salisbury, November 11, 1891, #43, F.O. 16/266.

25 Kennedy to Salisbury, November 8, 1891, #123, F.O. 16/266.

26 Ibid. See also Kennedy to Salisbury, November 9, 1891, #93, F.O. 16/266.

27 Kennedy to Salisbury, November 8, 1891 #122, F.O. 16/266.

28 Kennedy to Salisbury, December 31, 1891, #142, F.O. 16/266.

29 Kennedy to Salisbury, December 31, 1891, #143, F.O. 16/266.

30 Kennedy to Salisbury, January 27, 1892, #7, F.O. 16/276. See also Kennedy to Salisbury, January 15, 1892, #3, F.O. 16/276.

31 Quoted in Davis, George T. A Navy Second to None: The Development of Modern American Naval Policy (Harcourt, Brace, & Co., 1940), p. 33 Google Scholar. See also House Executive Documents, (48th Congress, 1st Session), 1884.

32 House Executive Documents, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, (47th Congress, 1st Session), 1881–82, p. 3.

33 House Executive Documents, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, “Report of the Admiral,” 1881. See also Worcester, D.E. “Strategy in the War of the Pacific,” Naval Journal of Inter-American Studies, 5, (January 1963), p. 37 Google Scholar; Herrick, Walter R. Jr., The American Naval Revolution (Louisiana State University Press, 1966), p. 19.Google Scholar

34 House Executive Documents, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, (48th Congress, 2nd Session), 1884–85, p. 62.

35 Lodge, Henry Cabot and Redmonds, Charles F. eds., Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge. 1884–1918 (Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1971), p. 63.Google Scholar

36 Quoted in Herrick, , American Naval Revolution, p. 55.Google Scholar

37 Scientific American Vol. 64, #23, (June 6, 1891), p. 358.

38 Smith, Joseph Illusions of Conflict: Anglo-American Diplomacy Toward Latin America, 1865–1896 (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1979, pp. 8–14, 21–39Google Scholar.

39 Boletín de sessiones ordinarias en 1891, Cámara de Senadores (Imprenta Nacional, Santiago, 1891, 1892). See especially December 1891 and January 1892. See also Grez, Jorge Dupouy Relaciones chileno-argentinas durante el gobierno de don Jorge Monti, 1891–1896 (Editorial Andrés Bello, Santiago, 1968), pp. 14–17.Google Scholar

40 Burr, Robert N. By Reason or Force: Chile and the Balancing of Power in South America, 1830–1905 (University of California Press, 1965), pp. 261–262 Google Scholar. See also Whitaker, Arthur P. The United States and the Southern Cone, Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay (Harvard University Press, 1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar