^† The first comprehensive bibliography on urban government has been published since the present article was completed: Metropolitan Communities: A Bibliography (1957) by the Government Affairs FoundationGoogle Scholar. It is a substantially complete listing of the types of literature reviewed here, as well as of the kinds specifically excluded, organized under the following headings: Functions and Problems; Governmental Organization in Metropolitan Areas; Politics in Metropolitan Communities; Social Structure and Process; Population; and The Metropolitan Economy. The paucity of material on urban politics is underlined by the fact that chapter II on metropolitan politics covers only four pages of a total of three hundred twenty-one. The bibliography will prove an exceedingly useful tool for those interested in local affairs.

¹ Richards, Allen R. characterizes this literature in “Local Government Research: A Partial Evaluation,” 14 Public Administration Review 271 (1954)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

² The Public Administration Review contains the greatest number of articles, typically brief, on municipal problems. However, a study of its content, 1940–1952, shows that only 17 of 419 articles were concerned with urban government: Engelbert, Ernest A., “The Content of the Public Administration Review 1940–1952,” 13 Public Administration Review 257 (1953)Google Scholar. Dwight Waldo's survey of articles in the general political science journals reveals a declining interest in the local government area between 1925 and 1954: not only a quantitative decline, but also an intellectual stagnation in the field: Political Science in the United States of America, UNESCO, Documentation in the Social Sciences (Paris: 1956), p. 79Google Scholar. The following represent a substantial portion of the urban government literature appearing in the professional journals of political science. The Annals: “Better City Government,” Vol. 199 (Sept. 1938)Google Scholar; “Building the Future City,” Vol. 242 (Nov. 1945)Google Scholar; this Review: Lowell, A. Lawrence, “Expert Administrators in Popular Government,” Vol. 7, p. 45 (1913)Google Scholar; Upson, Lent D., “The City Manager Plan in Ohio,” Vol. 9, p. 496 (1915)Google Scholar; Crouch, Winston W., “Initiative and Referendum in Cities,” Vol. 37, p. 491 (1943)Google Scholar; Bromage, Arthur W., “Running for the City Council,” Vol. 43, p. 1235 (1949)Google Scholar; Journal of Politics: Cooper, Weldon, “Trends in Municipal Government in the South,” Vol. 10, p. 490 (1948)Google Scholar; Grant, Dan R., “Urban and Suburban Nashville: A Case Study in Metropolitanism,” Vol. 17, p. 82 (1955)Google Scholar; Public Administration Review: May, Sam C. and Ward, Robert E., “Coordinating Defense Activities in a Metropolitan Region,” Vol. 2, p. 104 (Spring 1942)Google Scholar; Vinsel, Kenneth P., “Louisville Plans Its Future,” Vol. 4, p. 341 (Autumn 1944)Google Scholar; Friedrich, Carl J. and associates, “Planning for the Greater Boston Metropolitan Area,” Vol. 5, p. 113 (Spring 1945)Google Scholar; Bauer, John, “Metropolitan Utility Supply and Organization,” Vol. 5, p. 127 (Spring 1945)Google Scholar; MacNamara, Donald E. J., “American Police Administration at Mid-Century,” Vol. 10, p. 181 (1950)Google Scholar; Egger, Rowland, “In One Consent,” Vol. 10, p. 262 (1950)Google Scholar; Denit, W. Darlington, “Boulder City: Government Town Problem,” Vol. 12, p. 97 (Spring 1952)Google Scholar; Moore, Lyman S., “The City Manager Looks at the Budget,” Vol. 12, p. 196 (Summer 1952)Google Scholar; Sayre, Wallace S., “The General Manager Idea for Large Cities,” Vol. 14, p. 253 (Autumn 1954)Google Scholar; Coke, O. K. and Tarshes, M. D., “Consolidation of City-County Health Functions in San Diego,” Vol. 14, p. 170 (Summer 1954)Google Scholar; Crouch, Winston W., “Metropolitan Government in Toronto,” Vol. 14, p. 85 (Spring 1954)Google Scholar; Grant, Dan, “Federal-Municipal Relationships and Metropolitan Integration,” Vol. 14, p. 259 (Autumn 1954)Google Scholar. Epstein, Leon D., “Size of Place and the Division of the Two-Party Vote in Wisconsin,” 9 Western Political Quarterly 138 (1956)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

³ These include: Shambaugh, Benjamin F., Municipal Government and Administration in Iowa (1930)Google Scholar; Martin, Roscoe C., Urban Local Government in Texas (1936)Google Scholar; Abbott, L. E. and Greene, L. S., Municipal Government and Administration in Tennessee (1939)Google Scholar; Satterfield, Millard H. and Urban, Hugh W., Municipal Government and Administration in Mississippi (1940)Google Scholar; Cooper, Weldon, Municipal Government in Alabama (1940)Google Scholar; Bollens, John C. and McKinley, John R., California City Government (1948)Google Scholar; Sherrill, George R., Municipal Government in South Carolina (1950)Google Scholar; Friedelbaum, S. H., Municipal Government in New Jersey (1954)Google Scholar.

⁴ Some outstanding examples are: Merriam, Charles E., Parratt, Spencer D., and Lepawsky, Albert, The Government of the Metropolitan Region of Chicago (1933)Google Scholar; Bollens, John C., The Problem of Government of the San Francisco Bay Region (1948)Google Scholar; Cooper, Weldon, Metropolitan County: A Survey of Government in the Birmingham Area (1949)Google Scholar; Fulton County Local Government Commission, Plan of Improvement for the Governments of Atlanta and Fulton County (1950)Google Scholar; Community Services Commission for Davidson County and the City of Nashville, A Future for Nashville (1952)Google Scholar; The Haynes Foundation, Metropolitan Los Angeles: A Study in Integration (16 vols., 1952–1955)Google Scholar; Public Administration Service, The Government of Metropolitan Miami (1954)Google Scholar.

⁵ Bryce, James, The American Commonwealth (1891 ed.), Vol. I, p. 608Google Scholar.

⁶ The following are representative of this literature: Champernowne, Henry, The Boss (1894)Google Scholar; Parkhurst, Charles H., Our Fight With Tammany (1895)Google Scholar; Stead, W. T., Satan's Invisible World Displayed (1897)Google Scholar; Lewis, A. H., The Boss (1903)Google Scholar; Hodder, Alfred, A Fight For the City (1903)Google Scholar; Riordan, W. L., Plunkitt of Tammany Hall (1905)Google Scholar; Wright, Henry C., Bossism in Cincinnati (1905)Google Scholar; Lindsey, Ben and O'Higgins, Harvey, The Beast (1910)Google Scholar; Meyers, Gustavua, The History of Tammany Hall (1917)Google Scholar; Lynch, D. T., Boss Tweed (1927)Google Scholar; Lanni, Clement G., Beat'Em or Join'Em (1931)Google Scholar; Stoddard, L., Master of Manhattan (1931)Google Scholar; Lavine, Emanuel H., Gimme, or How Politicians Get Rich (1931)Google Scholar; Hartley, Mary, James B. Waller: Pioneering in the Wilderness of Politics (1931)Google Scholar; Northrop, William B. and Northrop, John B., The Insolence of Office (1932)Google Scholar; Thomas, Norman and Blanshard, Paul, What's the Matter With New York (1932)Google Scholar; Dobyns, Fletcher, The Underworld of American Politics (1932)Google Scholar; Vare, W. S., My Forty Years in Politics (1933)Google Scholar; Werner, M. R., Tammany Hall (1928)Google Scholar; Mackaye, Milton, The Tin Box Parade: A Handbook for Larceny (1934)Google Scholar; Stuart, William H., The Twenty Incredible Years (1935)Google Scholar; Reynolds, George M., Machine Politics in New Orleans 1897–1926 (1936)Google Scholar; Van Devander, C. W., The Big Bosses (1944)Google Scholar; Allen, Robert S., Our Fair City (1947)Google Scholar; Flynn, E. J., You're the Boss (1947)Google Scholar; Milligan, M. M., Inside Story of the Pendergast Machine (1948)Google Scholar; Bonelli, William, Billion Dollar Blackjack (1954)Google Scholar.

⁷ These volumes, with the revision dates, are as follows: Municipal Public Works Administration (1935, 1941, 1946, 1950); Municipal Personnel Administration (1935, 1938, 1942, 1947, 1950); Municipal Fire Administration (1936, 1939, 1942, 1946, 1950); Municipal Finance Administration (1937, 1941, 1946, 1949); Municipal Police Administration (1938, 1943, 1950, 1954).

⁸ Steiner, H. Arthur, “Chinese Communist Urban Policy,” 44 this Review 47 (1950)Google Scholar.

⁹ In the preface to Jones, Victor, Metropolitan Government (1942), p. ixGoogle Scholar.

¹⁰ These cases include the following from Stein, Harold, Public Administration and Policy Development (1952)Google Scholar; Herbert Kaufman, “Gotham in the Air Age,” and Frank C. Abbott, “The Cambridge City Manager”; separately published cases include Kaufman, Herbert, The New York City Health Centers (1952)Google Scholar; Adama, Frank T., The Gainesville School Problem (1953)Google Scholar; Chester, B. and Earle, Valerie A., The Promotion of Lem Merrill (1953)Google Scholar; Muir, William K., Defending “The Hill” Against Metal Houses (1955)Google Scholar; Tillett, Paul and Weiner, Myron, The Closing of Newark Airport (1955)Google Scholar.

¹¹ Daland, Robert T., “The Use of Boards in Municipal Government,” 12 Alabama Municipal Journal 21 (1955)Google Scholar.