¹ Thus the general election of 1924 was especially bitter and violent.

² For a history of Tory Democracy see Wilkinson, William J., Tory Democracy (New York, 1925).Google ScholarCavendish-Bentinck, Lord Henry, Tory Democracy (London, 1918)Google Scholar, is also useful.

³ The bibliography of present-day Tory Democracy is voluminous, for the ideas are reflected not only in books but also in periodical literature and parliamentary debates. The following are useful: Skelton, Noël, Constructive Conservatism (London, 1924)Google Scholar; “The Nation and the Land,” Quarterly Review, July, 1925, pp. 190–209; “Labor in the New Era,” Quarterly Review, January, 1925, pp. 116–134; “The Safe-guarding of British Democracy,” English Review, July, 1925, pp. 237–30; “Private Property a Unionist Ideal,” Spectator, 3 May, 1924, pp. 702–703; Parliamentary Debates, fifth series, vol. 182, pp. 773–776, and vol. 191, pp. 154–160. Baldwin, Stanley, Looking Ahead (National Unionist Association, London, 1924)Google Scholar; Peace and Good-will in Industry (London, 1925); On England (London, 1926). Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, The New Outlook (London, 1919)Google Scholar; “National Unity,” Quarterly Review, April, 1924, pp. 433–452; “Industrial Peace,” Observer, 25 February, 1923, p. 12; Parliamentary Debates (Lords), fifth series, vol. 57, pp. 364–386, and vol. 58, pp. 541–552. Strachey, J. St. Loe, Economics of the Hours (London, 1923)Google Scholar; The Referendum (London, 1924); “The Tragic Predicament of the Unionist Party,” Spectator, 2 August, 1924, p. 152; “How to Fight Socialism,” Spectator, 24 January, 1925, p. 108, and 7 February, 1925, p. 188; “An Open Letter to Mr. Baldwin,” Spectator, 21 February, 1925, p. 272; “A Winning Program for Unionists,” Spectator, 11 October, 1924, p. 496, 18 October, 1924, p. 537, and 25 October, 1924, p. 594; “All-In National Insurance,” Spectator, 30 August, 1924, p. 283, and 1 March, 1924, p. 316. Cavendish-Bentinck, Lord Henry, Tory Democracy (London, 1918)Google Scholar; Parliamentary Debates, fifth series, vol. 183, pp. 496–500, vol. 184, pp. 452–156, and vol. 188, pp. 1679–1683.

⁴ Cavendish-Bentinck, Lord Henry, Tory Democracy, p. 5.Google Scholar

⁵ Ibid., p. 138.

⁶ Skelton, Noël, Constructive Conservatism, p. 7.Google Scholar

⁷ Baldwin, Stanley, Peace and Good-will in Industry, p. 66.Google Scholar

⁸ Skelton, Noël, Constructive Conservatism, p. 17.Google Scholar

⁹ Strathey, J. St. Loe, The Referendum, p. 9.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Skelton, Noël, in English Review, July, 1926, p. 25.Google Scholar

¹¹ Certain individual Tory Democrats suggest other reforms in addition to those mentioned below, but those summarized here are believed to be the most important on which there is something approaching a common agreement.

¹² On the referendum there may be less agreement on the part of the Tory Democratic party than on the other suggested reforms. The referendum is definitely favored by John St. Loe Strachey and Noël Skelton, and also in part by Viscount Cecil.

¹³ Strachey, J. St. Loe, “A Winning Program for the Unionists,” Spectator, 11 October, 1924, p. 497.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Baldwin, Stanley, On England, p. 215.Google Scholar

¹⁵ To Professor F. W. Coker, with whom I discussed common problems, I am indebted for valuable suggestions.

¹⁶ On social conditions in England after the war see Siegfried, André, Post-War Britain (London, 1924)Google Scholar, and Masterman, C.F.G., England After the War (London, 1922).Google Scholar

¹⁷ Tawney, R. H., The Acquisitive Society, pp. 7–8.Google Scholar The entire book is an acute analysis of the Socialist position. It, however, over-emphasizes functional freedom, and apparently also the rôle that social service can play in industry.

¹⁸ On proposals for the administration of socialized industry see Sidney, and Webb, Beatrice, A Constitution for the Socialist Commonwealth of Great Britain, pp. 147–203Google Scholar; Tawney, R. H., The Acquisitive Society, pp. 105–157Google Scholar; and Laski, H. J., A Grammar of Politics, pp. 433–541.Google Scholar See also Hobson, J. A., Incentives in the New Industrial Order (London, 1922).Google Scholar Mr. Justice Sankey's report on the coal-mining industry and the plan of the Miners' Federation may be found as appendices in Hodges, Frank, Nationalization of the Mines (London, 1920).Google Scholar

¹⁹ Webb, Beatrice, My Apprenticeship (London, 1926).Google Scholar See especially Chap. VII.

²⁰ On the Communist attitude to British Socialism see Trotzky, Leon, Where is Britain Going? (London, 1926).Google Scholar See also the reply to Trotzky by Angell, Norman, Must Britain Travel the Moscow Road? (London, 1926).Google Scholar

²¹ Quoted in Laski, H. J., A Grammar of Politics, p. 526.Google Scholar

²² The Widows' Pension Act, 1925, and Mr. Baldwin's speech on trade-union levy may be taken as recent illustrations. For brief summaries see the Annual Register, 1925, pp. 17–18, 52–55.