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Constitutional Law in 1948–1949

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2013

Robert J. Harris
Robert J. Harris
Affiliation:
Louisiana State University
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Extract

There were no changes in the personnel of the Court while it was in session, but the deaths of Justices Frank Murphy and Wiley Rutledge during the summer adjournment marked the 1948 term as the last to be dominated by an overwhelmingly preponderant majority of judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt. Justice Murphy's death occurred on July 19, 1949, soon after the adjournment of the Court on June 27. He took his seat on the Court on February 5, 1940, as the successor to Pierce Butler. Justice Rutledge died on September 10. He was the last of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's appointees to the Supreme Court. He was appointed on February 11, 1943, to succeed James F. Byrnes. The passing of these jurists may have been the most significant events as regards constitutional interpretation that occurred during 1948–1949.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 44 , Issue 1 , March 1950 , pp. 23 - 46
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1950

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References

1 335 U. S. 377 (1948). The Court refused to apply the principle of this case to Foley Brothers v. Filardo, 336 U.S. 281 (1949) where it held that the Federal Eight Hour Law did not apply to American citizens in Iran. Of interest also is Farmers Reservoir and Irrigation Co. v. McComb, 337 U.S. 755 (1949), where it was held that a farmer's mutual irrigation company which distributed water only to stockholders whose agricultural produce moved in interstate commerce was engaged in production for commerce within the meaning of the Fair Labor Standards Act.

2 337 U.S. 582 (1949).

3 289 U.S. 516 (1933).

4 2 Cranch 445 (1804).

5 1 Cranch 137 (1803).

6 337 U.S. 541 (1949).

7 Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 (1938).

8 337 U.S. 535 (1949).

9 Guaranty Trust Co. of New York v. York, 326 U.S. 99 (1945). See also Ragan v. Merchants Transfer and Warehouse Co., 337 U.S. 530 (1949) where the Kansas statute of limitations was applied in the face of a federal rule which would have permitted the suit. Justice Rutledge dissented.

10 Koki Hirota v. General of the Army MacArthur, 338 U.S. 197 (1948).

11 337 U.S. 426 (1949).

12 338 U.S. 189 (1949).

13 337 U.S. 682 (1949).

14 106 U.S. 196 (1892).

15 271 U.S. 636 (1926).

16 337 U.S. 265 (1949).

17 U.S. 226 (1949).

18 Quoting from Republic Aviation Corporation v. National Labor Relations Board, 324 U.S. 798, 802 (1944).

19 336 U.S. 641 (1949).

20 338 U.S. 84 (1949).

21 335 U.S. 497 (1948).

22 335 U.S. 451 (1948).

23 338 U.S. 74 (1949).

24 338 U.S. 160 (1949).

25 336 U.S. 793 (1949).

26 336 U.S. 684 (1949).

27 318 U.S. 332 (1943).

28 335 U.S. 410 (1948).

29 337 U.S. 137 (1949).

30 337 U.S. 325 (1949).

31 338 U.S. 1 (1949).

32 337 U.S. 1 (1949).

33 307 U.S. 496 (1939).

34 326 U.S. 516 (1945).

35 315 U.S. 568 (1942).

36 268 U.S. 652 (1925).

37 336 U.S. 77 (1949).

38 334 U.S. 558 (1948).

39 Lincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northeastern Iron and Metal Co., 335 U.S. 525 (1949).

40 International Union v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Board, 336 U.S. 245 (1949).

41 310 U.S. 88 (1940).

42 336 U.S. 490 (1949).

43 310 U.S. 106 (1940).

44 338 U.S. 49 (1949).

45 309 U.S. 227 (1940).

46 322 U.S. 143 (1944).

47 338 U.S. 62 (1949).

48 338 U.S. 68 (1949).

49 338 U.S. 25 (1949).

50 232 U.S. 383 (1914). This case held that evidence obtained by federal officers in an unreasonable search and seizure is inadmissible in the federal courts in a criminal proceeding and that a conviction based on such evidence constitutes reversible error.

51 332 U.S. 46 (1947).

52 316 U.S. 435 (1942).

53 335 U.S. 437 (1948).

54 337 U.S. 773 (1949).

55 337 U.S. 241 (1949).

56 Fisher v. Pace, 336 U.S. 155 (1949).

57 337 U.S. 235 (1949).

58 335 U.S. 525 (1949). The Nebraska case was combined with Whitaker v. North Carolina.

59 336 U.S. 220 (1949).

60 278 U.S. 105 (1928). This case invalidated a Pennsylvania statute designed to prohibit ownership of drug stores by non-registered pharmacists.

61 336 U.S. 106 (1949).

62 335 U.S. 464 (1948).

63 Kotch v. Board of River Port Pilot Commissioners, 330 U.S. 552 (1947).

64 Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535 (1942).

65 335 U.S. 281 (1948).

66 328 U.S. 549 (1946).

67 Wheeling Steel Corporation v. Glander, 337 U.S. 562 (1949).

68 336 U.S. 169 (1949).

69 336 U.S. 106 (1949).

70 Ibid.

71 335 U.S. 538 (1949).

72 Lincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co., 335 U.S. 525 (1949).

73 336 U.S. 342 (1949).

74 303 U.S. 376 (1938).

75 The cases were: Howard v. Gipsy Oil Co., 247 U.S. 503 (1918); Large Oil Co. v.Howard, 248 U.S. 549 (1919); Oklahoma v. Barnsdall Refineries, 296 U.S. 521 (1936); Choctaw, O., & G. R. Co. v. Harrison, 235 U.S. 292 (1914); and Indian Territory Illuminating Oil Co. v. Oklahoma, 240 U.S. 522 (1916).

76 336 U.S. 525 (1949).

77 294 U.S. 511 (1935).

78 306 U.S. 346 (1939).

79 Like Justice Black, Justice Frankfurter would have decided this case within the formula of Cooley v. Board of Port Wardens, 12 Howard 299 (1851).

80 The general problem of conflict between Federal authority and state power is presented vividly in a number of recent cases. See Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona, 325 U.S. 761 (1945) and especially Justice Black's dissent. See also Rice v. Santa Fe Elevator Corporation, 331 U.S. 218 (1947), and Cloverleaf Butter Co. v. Patterson, 315 U.S. 148 (1942), in both of which a majority held that Congressional statutes had superseded state laws in areas traditionally within the police power of the states.

81 Prudential Insurance Co. v. Benjamin, 328 U.S. 408 (1946).

82 Oregon-Washington Railway & Navigation Co. v. Washington, 270 U.S. 87 (1926), and 44 Statutes 250 (1928).

83 336 U.S. 725 (1949).

84 9 Wheaton (1824).

85 International Union v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Board, 336 U.S. 245 (1949).

86 Algotna Plywood and Veneer Co. v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Board, 336 U.S. 301 (1949).

87 336 U.S. 18 (1949).

88 337 U.S. 662 (1949).

89 337 U.S. 154 (1949).

90 336 U.S. 169 (1949).

91 Pullman's Palace Car Go. v. Pennsylvania, 141 U.S. 18 (1890).

92 337 U.S. 286 (1949).

93 337 U.S. 38 (1949).

94 336 U.S. 674 (1949).

95 334 U.S. 54 (1948). Justice Jackson had also dissented in this case.

96 National Mutual Insurance Co. v. Tidewater Transfer Co., 337 U.S. 582 (1949); McDonald v. United States, 335 U. S. 451 (1948); Lustig v. United States, 338 U. S. 74 (1949); Kovacs v. Cooper, 336 U.S. 77 (1949); Watts v. Indiana 338 U.S. 49 (1949); Turner v. Pennsylvania, 338 U.S. 62 (1949); Harris v. South Carolina, 338 U.S. 68 (1949); Interstate Pipeline Co. v. Stone, 337 U.S. 662 (1949); and Kimball Laundry Co. v. United States, 338 U.S. 1 (1949).

97 Vermilya Brown Co. v. Connell, 335 U.S. 377 (1948); National Mutual Insurance Co. v. Tidewater Transfer Co., 337 U.S. 582 (1949); Eisler v. United States, 338 U.S. 189 (1949); Christoffel v. United States, 338 U.S. 84 (1949); Frazier v. United States, 335 U.S. 497 (1948); Lustig v. United States, 338 U.S. 74 (1949); Upshaw v. United States, 335 U.S. 410 (1948); United States v. Cors, 337 U.S. 325 (1949); Kimball Laundry Co. v. United States, 338 U.S. 1 (1949); Terminiello v. Chicago, 337 U.S. 1 (1949); Kovacs v. Cooper, 336 U.S. 77 (1949); International Union v. WERB, 336 U.S. 245 (1949); Turner v. Pennsylvania, 338 U.S. 62 (1949); Harris v. South Carolina, 338 U.S. 68 (1949); Fisher v. Pace, 336 U.S. 155 (1949); California v. Zook, 336 U.S. 725 (1949); Interstate Pipeline Co. v. Stone, 337 U.S. 662 (1949); Rice v. Rice, 336 U.S. 674 (1949); and Hood & Sons v. Dumond, 336 U.S. 525 (1949).

98 United States v. ICC, 337 U.S. 426 (1949); Larson v. Domestic & Foreign Commerce Corp., 337 U.S. 682 (1949); NLRB v. Siowe Spinning Co., 336 U.S. 226 (1949); McDonald v. United States, 335 U.S. 451 (1948); Brinegar v. United States, 338 U.S. 160 (1949); Wade v. Hunter, 336 U.S. 384 (1949); Watts v. Indiana, 338 U.S. 49 (1949); Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25 (1949); Uvegesv. Pennsylvania, 335 U.S. 437 (1948); Goesaertv. Cleary, 335 U.S. 464 (1948); McDougall v. Green, 335 U.S. 281 (1948); Joy Oil Co. v. Tax Commissioner, 337 U.S. 286 (1949); Union National Bank v. Lamb, 337 U.S. 38 (1949); Woods v. Interstate Realty Co., 337 U.S. 535 (1949); and Cohen v. Beneficial Industrial Loan Corp., 337 U.S. 541 (1949).

99 Williams v. New York, 337 U.S. 241 (1949); Wheeling Steel Corp. v. Glander, 337 U.S. 562 (1949); and Algoma Plywood Co. v. WERB, 336 U.S. 301 (1949).

100 Farmers Reservoir & Irrigation Co. v. McComb, 337 U.S. 755 (1949); Koki Hirota v. MacArthur, 338 U.S. 197 (1948); A.F. of L. v. American Sash & Door Co., 335 U.S. 538 (1949); Empresa Siderurgica v. Merced County, 337 U.S. 154 (1949); Ott v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co., 336 U.S. 169 (1949); and Ragan v. Merchants T. & W. Co., 337 U.S. 530 (1949).

101 Federal Communications Commission v. WJR, 337 U.S. 265 (1949); United States v. Jones, 336 U.S. 641 (1949); United States v. Wallace & Tiernan Co., 336 U.S. 793 (1949); Lincoln Federal Union v. Northwestern I. & M. Co., 335 U.S. 525 (1949); Giboney v. Empire Storage & Ice Co., 336 U.S. 490 (1949); Gibbs v. Burke, 337 U.S. 773 (1949); Young v. Ragan, 337 U.S. 235 (1949); Daniel v. Family Security L. I. Co., 336 U.S. 220 (1949); Railway Express Agency v. New York, 336 U.S. 106 (1949); Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Co., 336 U.S. 342 (1949); LaCrosse Telephone Corp. v. WERB, 336 U.S. 18 (1949); and Smith v. United States, 337 U.S. 137 (1949).

102 See the cases cited in note 75. See also Larson v. Domestic & Foreign Commerce Corp., 337 U.S. 682 (1949) which in effect overruled Goltra v. Weeks, 271 U.S. 53 (1926). These last cases involved the immunity of the Government from suit.

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