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The Problem of the Chinese in the Philippines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2013

Russell M'Culloch Story
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Extract

The close of the war with Spain in 1898 and the cession of the Philippines to the United States brought to this country a number of serious and difficult problems in the islands other than those immediately connected with the exercise of governmental control over them. Not the least among these problems was that which concerned the presence of the Chinese and the question as to their future admission or exclusion from the islands. An attempted solution was reached in the extension to the islands in September, 1899, of the exclusion laws of the United States. These laws are based upon the limited treaties of 1880 and of 1894, both of which modified the general treaty of 1868. The latter treaty provides for the free admission of Americans to China and also for the unrestricted entrance of the Chinese to the United States. At the time of the agitation against the incoming of the Chinese in the seventies, negotiations were commenced with China which in the treaty of 1880 secured her consent for a limited suspension of the admission rights of the Chinese to the United States. A similar concession was obtained from China in 1894, limited to ten years in its operation. Since the expiration of this treaty China has claimed that the provisions of the treaty of 1868 obtained, while the United States has contended that the treaties of 1880 and of 1894 abrogated the rights of the Chinese to free admission to United States territory. This contention of the United States is obviously forced and without sufficient basis either in theory or in fact, and the interpretation is maintained solely because of the weakness of China and her inability to prevent the United States from ignoring her protests. This attitude of inattention would hardly be assumed toward a more able and aggressive nation.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 3 , Issue 1 , February 1909 , pp. 30 - 48
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1909

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References

1 See complete correspondence in Document 397, 1st Sess., 56th Cong.

2 Report of the Schurmann Philippine Commission, vol. i, pp. 150–159.Google Scholar

3 Ibid., vol, ii, pp. 48, 49.

4 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 432 et seq.; p. 444.

5 Ibid., p. 17.

6 Ibid., p. 18.

7 Ibid., pp. 187–190; p. 19.

8 Report of the First Philippine Commission, vol. ii, p. 178Google Scholar.

9 Ibid., p. 55.

10 Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, no. 58, May, 1905, p. 861.

11 Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, no 58, May 1905, p. 859.

12 Census of the Philippine Islands, 1905, vol. ii, p. 14.

13 Bulletin of Bureau of Labor, no. 58, May, 1905, p. 860.

14 Report of the Philippine Commission (1902), part i, p. 157.

15 Ibid., p. 177.

16 Report of the Philippine Commission (1902) part i, pp. 257–258.

17 Ibid. (1903), vol. i, pp. 404, 405.

18 Ibid. (1902), part i, pp. 23, 24.

19 Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, no. 58, May, 1905, p. 870.

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21 Ibid., p. 118.

22 Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, no. 58, May, 1905, pp. 858, 859.

23 Census of the Philippine Islands (1905), vol. ii, pp. 894, 895Google Scholar.

24 Ibid.

25 Ibid., p. 118.

26 Mrs.Campbell-Dauncey, in her work An English Woman in the Philippines, p. 176Google Scholar, claims that despite Governor Taft's praise for the Filipinos, Mrs. Taft preferred and employed Chinese servants.

27 Census of the Philippine Islands (1905), vol. ii, pp. 894, 895Google Scholar.

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31 Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, no. 58, May, 1905, p. 869.

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35 Ibid., p. 863.

36 Directory of China, Japan, the Philippines, etc. (1898), p. 499.

37 Ibid., p. 531.

38 Census of the Philippine Islands, vol. i, p. 39. Also Bulletin of Bureau of Labor, no. 58, May, 1905, p. 858.

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43 Ibid., pp. 82–87.

44 Ibid., p. 80.

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46 New Era in the Philippines, p. 34.

47 Bulletin of Bureau of Labor, no. 58, May, 1905, p. 862.

48 Ibid.

49 Ibid.

50 Ibid., p. 864.

51 Ibid., p. 866.

52 Ibid.

53 Ibid., p. 867.

54 Ibid., p. 868.

55 Mr. Holmes in Report of the Philippine Commission (1902), part i, pp. 153–158.

56 Mr. Rice in Report of the Philippine Commission (1902), part i, pp. 257–258.

57 Report of the Philippine Commission (1903), vol. i, pp. 54, 55.

58 Ibid.

59 Report of the Philippine Commission (1906), vol. ii, p. 69; vol. iii, p. 776.

60 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 496.

61 Ibid. (1903), vol. i, pp. 54, 55.

62 The Philippine Islands (Atkinson, ), p. 261.Google Scholar

63 Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor no. 58, May, 1905, p. 861.

64 Ibid., pp. 896, 897.

65 Ibid., pp. 862, 863.

66 Ibid., p. 863.

67 Report of the Philippine Commission (1902), part i, pp. 21, 22.

68 Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, no. 58, May, 1905, p. 863.

69 Census of the Philippine Islands, vol. i, p. 485.

70 Report of Philippine Commission (1906), vol. ii, p. 69.

71 Report of Philippine Commission (1902), pt. ii, p. 840.

72 Philippine Life in Town and Country, p. 95.

73 New Era in the Philippines, p. 82.

74 Ibid., p. 87.

75 An English Woman in the Philippines, p. 176.

76 The Philippine Islands, p. 177.

77 Report of Philippine Commission (1903), vol. iii, p. 307.

78 Cf. Stuntz', H. C.The Philippines and the Far East, pp. 265–283.Google Scholar

79 Report of the Philippine Commission (1902), part i, pp. 9, 10.

80 Report of the Philippine Commission (1902), part i, pp. 21–23.

81 Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, no. 58, May, 1905, p. 863.

82 Ibid., p. 865.

83 The Philippine Islands, p. 260.

84 Bulletin of Bureau of Labor, no. 58, May, 1905, p. 872.

85 The Philippine Islands, p. 260.

86 Handbook of the Philippines, p. 43.

87 Report of Philippine Commission (1900), pp. 19, 187–190.

88 The Philippine Islands, pp. 261–263.

89 New Era in the Philippines, pp. 82–85.

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