1. The seven vowels of the Ashkenazic synagogue pronunciation in America and England are due to a rather recent reform-accurate as far as it goes, although leaving other major defects of the Ashkenazic pronunciation of Hebrew uncorrected.

2. A Treatise on the Accentuation of the Twenty-one So-called Prose Books of the Old Testament(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1887), pp. 71–73.

3. In a brief and quite inadequate footnote (p. 134) Weil remarks, “The substitution merka'→ munahbefore zarqa'(B[reuer] 3.13) falls under the same heading [as the substitution of”, for when one or more unstressed vowels intervene, and for when two or more unstressed vowels intervene].”

4. See my article, “The Traditional Chironomy of the Hebrew Scriptures,” Journal of Biblical Literature 87 (1968): 65–66.