Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T05:54:57.477Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Experimental analyses of synthetic jet control effects on aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter rotor

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2020

Y.Y. Ma Open the ORCID record for Y.Y. Ma [Opens in a new window] ,
Q.J. Zhao ,
X. Chen  and
G.Q. Zhao
Y.Y. Ma
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Rotorcraft Aeromechanics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing, 210016China
Q.J. Zhao*
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Rotorcraft Aeromechanics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing, 210016China
X. Chen
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Rotorcraft Aeromechanics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing, 210016China
G.Q. Zhao
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Rotorcraft Aeromechanics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing, 210016China
*
zhaoqijun@nuaa.edu.cn
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Experimental analyses of synthetic jet control (SJC) effects on aerodynamic characteristics of rotor in steady state and in hover were conducted. To ensure the structural strength of rotor and enough interior space for holding the synthetic jet actuators (SJAs), a particular blade with a frame-covering structure was designed and processed, and the experiment was conducted with low free stream velocities and rotor rotation speeds. There were three test conditions. In steady state, there were three free stream velocities (10m/s, 15m/s and 20m/s). In hover state, the rotor was worked with two rotation speeds of 180RPM and 240RPM. In forward flight, the rotor was worked with a rotation speed of 180RPM and a free stream velocity of 7.5m/s. To measure the synthetic jet control effect on rotor in stall, the range of collective pitch was set from 10° to 28° in steady state. The aerodynamic forces and sectional velocity field were measured by using the six-component balance and the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system in the wind tunnel. Flow control effects on the blade based on the synthetic jets (SJ) were experimentally investigated with different jet parameters, such as jet locations, jet angles, and jet velocities. In steady state, the jet closer to the leading edge, and the jet angle of 90° had more advantages in improving the aerodynamic characteristics. Furthermore, the aerodynamic forces and sectional velocity field measurement of rotor in hover were conducted, it showed that SJAs could increase flow velocity at the upper surface, which led to lower upper surface pressure. As a result, the normal forces of rotor with two rotation speeds were increased significantly. These results indicated that the synthetic jet has a capability of increasing the normal force and delaying or preventing the stall of rotor.

Keywords

Synthetic jetBladeRotorFlow separationWind tunnelParticle Image VelocimetryExperiment
Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 124 , Issue 1274 , April 2020 , pp. 597 - 616
Copyright
© Royal Aeronautical Society 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Conlisk, A.T., Modern helicopter rotor aerodynamics. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2002, 37, (5), pp 417–476.Google Scholar
Yu, Y.H., Lee, S., Mcalister, K.W., Tung, C. and Wang, C.M.Dynamic stall control for advanced rotorcraft application. AIAA J, 1995, 33, (2), pp 289–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagib, H., Greenblatt, D., Kiedaisch, J., Wygnanski, I. and Hassan, A. Effective flow control for rotorcraft applications at flight Mach number, AIAA paper, 2001-2974, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glezer, A. and Amitay, M.Synthetic jets. Annual Review of Fluid Mech, 2003, 34 (34), pp 503–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rehman, A. and Kontis, K.Synthetic jet control effectiveness on stationary and pitching airfoils, J Aircr, 2015, 43 (6), pp 1782–1789.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traub, L.W., Miller, A. and Rediniotis, O.Effects of synthetic jet actuation on a ramping NACA 0015 airfoil, J Aircr, 2004, 41 (5), pp 1153–1162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, Z.H., Zhang, K.S., Song, W.P. and Qiao, Z.D.Optimization of active flow control over an airfoil using a surrogate-management framework, Aircr, 2010, 47 (2), pp 603–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seifert, A., Darabi, A. and Wygnanski, I.Delay of airfoil stall by periodic excitation, AIAA J, 1999, 33 (4),pp 691–707.Google Scholar
Seifert, A. and Pack, L.G. Oscillatory excitation of unsteady compressible flows over airfoils at flight Reynolds numbers, AIAA paper, 1999-0925, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilarranz, J.L., Traub, L.W. and Rediniotis, O.K. Characterization of a compact, high-power synthetic jet actuator for flow separation control, AIAA paper, 2002-0127, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilarranz, J.L., Traub, L.W. and Rediniotis, O.K.A new class of synthetic jet actuators, Part II: Application to flow separation control, J Fluids Engineering, 2005, 127 (2), pp 377–387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, B., Kim, M., Lee, J. and Kim, C. Separation control characteristics of synthetic jets with circular exit array, AIAA paper, 2012-3050, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitay, M., Smith, D.R. and Kibens, V.L.Aerodynamic flow control over an unconventional airfoil using synthetic jet actuators, AIAA J, 2015, 39 (3), pp 361–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Q.J., Zhao, G.Q., Wang, B., Wang, Q., Shi, Y.J. and Xu, G.H.Robust Navier-Stokes method for predicting unsteady flowfield and aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter rotor, Chinese J Aeronautics, 2018, 31 (2), pp 214–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Q.J., Ma, Y.Y. and Zhao, G.Q.Parametric analyses on dynamic stall control of rotor airfoil via synthetic jet, Chinese J Aeronautics, 2017, 30 (6), pp 1818–1834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, B.L. and Glezer, A.The formation and evolution of synthetic jets, Physics of Fluids, 1998, 10 (9), pp 2281–2297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durrani, D. and Haider, B.A., Study of stall delay over a generic airfoil using synthetic jet actuator, AIAA paper, 2011-943, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandra, U. Experimental analysis and analytical modeling of synthetic jet cross flow interactions, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Maryland, 2007.Google Scholar
Hassan, A.A., Straub, F.K. and Charles, B.D.Effects of surface blowing/suction on the aerodynamics of helicopter rotor blade-vortex interactions (BVI)- A numerical simulation, J American Helicopter Society, 1997, 42 (2), pp 182–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dindar, M., Jansen, K. and Hassan, A.A. “Effect of transpiration flow control on hovering rotor blades,” AIAA paper, 1999-3192, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, W., Kim, C. and Kim, Y.Flow control of tiltrotor unmanned-aerial-vehicle airfoils using synthetic jets, J Aircr, 2011, 48 (3), pp 1045–1046.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alimohammadi, S., Fanning, E., Persoons, T. and Murray, D.B.Characterization of flow vectoring phenomenon in adjacent synthetic jets using CFD and PIV, Computers & Fluids, 2016, 140 (25), pp 232–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kral, L.D., Donovan, J.F. and Cain, A.B., “Numerical simulation of synthetic jet actuator,” AIAA paper, 1997-1824, 1997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, Y.Y., Cary, A.W. and Peters, D.A. “Parametric and dynamic modeling for synthetic jet control of a post-stall airfoil,” AIAA paper, 2001-0733, 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, G.Q., Zhao, Q.J., Gu, Y.S. and Chen, X.Experimental investigations for parametric effects of dual synthetic jets on delaying stall of a thick airfoil, Chinese J Aeronautics, 2016, 29 (2), pp 346–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar