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11777 results in Plant sciences

Page 31 of 589

  • Part IV - Endophytes for Novel Biomolecules and In Vitro Methods

  • Edited by Trevor R. Hodkinson, Trinity College Dublin, Fiona M. Doohan, University College Dublin, Matthew J. Saunders, Trinity College Dublin, Brian R. Murphy, Trinity College Dublin
  • Book:
    Endophytes for a Growing World
    Published online:
    01 April 2019
    Print publication:
    21 March 2019, pp 275-340

  • Summary

    The fortuitous discovery of penicillin from Penicillium chrysogenum heralded the golden era of antibiotics. Since then, fungi have significantly contributed to the welfare of humans by producing bioactive compounds which have been used as antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory agents. However, in recent years, microorganisms associated with plants have emerged as fountainheads of bioactive molecules with high therapeutic potential. In general terms, endophytes are an extremely diverse and ubiquitous group of microorganisms that resides within the living internal tissues of a host plant in a non-invasive manner. Endophytes communicate with their host plant through metabolic interactions which enables them to produce signal molecules with interesting biological activities. Further, the genetic recombination of endophytes with the host plant enables them to mimic the biological properties of the host and produce analogous bioactive compounds. Thus, they start producing the host plant phytochemicals when cultured independently. The endless need for potent drugs has prompted researchers to explore alternative avenues for finding novel bioactive molecules, and endophytes appear to be a plausible target for drug discovery. This chapter reviews the current research trends with these promising organisms.

  • 13 - Endophytic Fungi: A Quintessential Source of Potential Bioactive Compounds

  • from Part IV - Endophytes for Novel Biomolecules and In Vitro Methods
  • Edited by Trevor R. Hodkinson, Trinity College Dublin, Fiona M. Doohan, University College Dublin, Matthew J. Saunders, Trinity College Dublin, Brian R. Murphy, Trinity College Dublin
  • Book:
    Endophytes for a Growing World
    Published online:
    01 April 2019
    Print publication:
    21 March 2019, pp 277-309

  • Summary

    The fortuitous discovery of penicillin from Penicillium chrysogenum heralded the golden era of antibiotics. Since then, fungi have significantly contributed to the welfare of humans by producing bioactive compounds which have been used as antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory agents. However, in recent years, microorganisms associated with plants have emerged as fountainheads of bioactive molecules with high therapeutic potential. In general terms, endophytes are an extremely diverse and ubiquitous group of microorganisms that resides within the living internal tissues of a host plant in a non-invasive manner. Endophytes communicate with their host plant through metabolic interactions which enables them to produce signal molecules with interesting biological activities. Further, the genetic recombination of endophytes with the host plant enables them to mimic the biological properties of the host and produce analogous bioactive compounds. Thus, they start producing the host plant phytochemicals when cultured independently. The endless need for potent drugs has prompted researchers to explore alternative avenues for finding novel bioactive molecules, and endophytes appear to be a plausible target for drug discovery. This chapter reviews the current research trends with these promising organisms.

Evolutionary Dynamics of Plant-Pathogen Interactions
  • Jeremy J. Burdon, Anna-Liisa Laine
  • Published online:
    09 March 2019
    Print publication:
    31 January 2019
  • This volume sits at the cross-roads of a number of areas of scientific interest that, in the past, have largely kept themselves separate - agriculture, forestry, population genetics, ecology, conservation biology, genomics and the protection of plant genetic resources. Yet these areas also have a lot of common interests and increasingly these independent lines of inquiry are tending to coalesce into a more comprehensive view of the complexity of plant-pathogen associations and their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. This interdisciplinary source provides a comprehensive overview of this changing situation by identifying the role of pathogens in shaping plant populations, species and communities, tackling the issue of the increasing importance of invasive and newly emerging diseases and giving broader recognition to the fundamental importance of the influence of space and time (as manifest in the metapopulation concept) in driving epidemiological and co-evolutionary trajectories.

  • 54 - Plumbaginaceae

  • from Division 5 - Magnoliophyta
  • Peter Sell, University of Cambridge, Gina Murrell, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    Flora of Great Britain and Ireland
    Print publication:
    12 April 2018, pp 536-558

  • Summary

    Perennial or rarely annual herbs or small shrubs. Leaves spirally arranged in a basal rosette, simple, narrowed at base, entire, without stipules. Inflorescence of branched cymes or hemispherical heads; flowers bisexual, hypogynous and actinomorphic. Bracts scarious. Calyx connate below, 5-lobed above, scarious at least above, persistent. Corolla connate at base, with 5 lobes above, pink to blue. Stamens 5, borne at base of corolla. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 1 basal, anatropous ovule. Styles 5; stigmas linear. Fruit a 1-seeded capsule, dry, with a thin papery wall; seed with a straight embryo in mealy endosperm.

    Contains about 19 genera and 780 species, cosmopolitan. Chiefly plants of seashores and salt-steppes, but there are some arctic and alpine species.

  • Flowers in dense hemispherical heads with a tubular sheath of fused scarious bracts beneath; styles hairy below 1. Armeria

  • Flowers in branching cymes, with the ultimate unit of 1–5 flowers with 3 scale-like bracts; styles glabrous throughout 2. Limonium

    • Armeria Willd. nom. conserv.

    Statice L.; Polyanthemum Medik.

    Caespitose perennial herbs or cushion-forming dwarf shrubs, with a branched, woody stock. Leaves simple, in basal rosettes. Inflorescence a capitulum, with an involucre of imbricate bracts and a tubular, scarious sheath at the base enclosing the top of the scape; flowers usually bracteolate, in usually bracteate, cymose spikelets. Calyx infundibuliform, inserted obliquely, with a basal spur; tube 5- or 10-ribbed; limb scarious; lobes usually awned. Corolla infundibuliform; petals cuneate at the extreme base, persistent. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the corolla. Styles 5, connate at the base; stigmas plumose. Fruit a 1-seeded capsule, with circumscissile or irregular dehiscence.

    Contains about 80 species and many infraspecific taxa of maritime, arctic and alpine habitats in temperate Europe, Asia, North Africa, North America and southern South America.

    Most species in temperate Europe show dimorphism of pollen and stigma and are said to be self-incompatible.

Page 31 of 589