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  • Cited by 13
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
February 2010
Print publication year:
2007
Online ISBN:
9780511619533

Book description

Recent work in artificial intelligence has increasingly turned to argumentation as a rich, interdisciplinary area of research that can provide new methods related to evidence and reasoning in the area of law. Douglas Walton provides an introduction to basic concepts, tools and methods in argumentation theory and artificial intelligence as applied to the analysis and evaluation of witness testimony. He shows how witness testimony is by its nature inherently fallible and sometimes subject to disastrous failures. At the same time such testimony can provide evidence that is not only necessary but inherently reasonable for logically guiding legal experts to accept or reject a claim. Walton shows how to overcome the traditional disdain for witness testimony as a type of evidence shown by logical positivists, and the views of trial sceptics who doubt that trial rules deal with witness testimony in a way that yields a rational decision-making process.

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Contents

Bibliography
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Walton, Douglas, Question–Reply Argumentation, New York, Greenwood Press, 1989.
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Walton, Douglas, Argumentation Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning, Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum, 1996.
Walton, Douglas, Appeal to Expert Opinion, University Park, PA, Penn State Press, 1997.
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Wilson, W. A., “The Logic of Corroboration”, Scottish Law Review, 76, 1960, 101–8.
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Further Readings
Aarnio, A., The Rational as Reasonable: A Treatise of Legal Justification, Dordrecht, Reidel, 1987.
Alphandery, P. D., “The Inquisition”, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 12, 1963, 377–83.
Anaximemes, Rhetorica ad Alexandrum, trans. E. S. Forster, in Vol. XI of The Works of Aristotle Translated into English, ed. Ross, W. D., Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946.
Andersen, Martin Edwin, “Terrorist Interrogations”, Insight on the News, June 17, 2002, 21–4, available on Lexis–Nexis (Academic Universe).
Aristotle, , On Sophistical Refutations, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1928.
Aristotle, , Topics, trans. E. S. Forster, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1939.
Nuel D. Belnap, Jr., “Questions: Their Presuppositions, and How They Can Fail to Arise,” The Logical Way of Doing Things, ed. Lambert, Karel, New Haven, CT and London, Yale University Press, 1969.
Jeremy Bentham, Rationale of Judicial Evidence, Vol. 7 of The Works of Jeremy Bentham, ed. Bowring, John, New York, Russell and Russell, 1962.
Boyer, Paul and Nissenbaum, Stephen, The Salem Witchcraft Papers, Vol. 1, New York, Da Capo, 1977.
CBS News Transcripts, 60 Minutes, September 22, 2002, Burrelle's Information Services, available on Lexis–Nexis (Academic Universe).
Eisele, Carolyn, Historical Perspectives on Peirce's Logic of Science, Vol. 1, Berlin, Mouton, 1985.
Empiricus, Sextus, Against the Logicians (AL), trans. R. G. Bury, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1933.
Federal Rules of Evidence, “Federal Rulemaking – Rules in Effect,” 2002. The latest versions of the federal rules of evidence as well as other rules can be found at http://www.uscourts.gov/rules/newrules4.html
Marvin, E. Frankel, Partisan Justice, New York, Hill and Wang, 1980.
James B. Freeman, “The Appeal to Popularity and Presumption by Common Knowledge”, Fallacies: Classical and Contemporary Readings, ed. Hans, V. Hansen and Robert, C. Pinto, University Park, PA, Penn State Press, 1995, 263–73.
Michael Gagarin, “Probability and Persuasion: Plato and Early Greek Rhetoric”, Persuasion: Greek Rhetoric in Action, ed. Worthington, Ian, London, Routledge, 1994, 46–68.
Govier, Trudy, A Practical Study of Argument, 3rd ed., Belmont, Wadsworth, 1992.
Charles, L. Hamblin, Imperatives, New York, Blackwell, 1987.
Hample, Dale, “A Pragma-Dialectical Analysis of the Inquisition”, Argumentation, 15, 2001, 135–49.
Harman, Gilbert, “The Inference to the Best Explanation”, Philosophical Review, 74, 1965, 88–95.
George, H. Hathaway, “MRE 611: Eight Classic Objections as to Form, or Have You Stopped Beating Your Spouse?”, Michigan Bar Journal, 71, 1992, 688.
Jaakko Hintikka, “The Logic of Information-Seeking Dialogues: A Model”, Konzepte der Dialektike, ed. Becker, Werner and Wilhelm, K. Essler, Frankfurt, Vittorio Klostermann, 1981, 212–31.
John Horty, ‘Nonmonotonic Logic’, The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic, ed. L. Goble, Oxford, Blackwell, 2001, 336–361.
Patrick, J. Hurley, A Concise Introduction to Logic, 3rd ed., Belmont, Wadsworth, 1988.
Edward, J. Imwinkelried, “A Comparativist Critique of the Interface between Hearsay and Expert Opinion in American Evidence Law”, Boston College Law Review, 33, 1991, 1–36.
Albert, R. Jonsen and Toulmin, Stephen, The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning, Berkeley, CA, University of California Press, 1988.
Saul, M. Kassin, Lorri, N. Williams, and Courtney, L. Saunders, “Dirty Tricks of Cross-Examination”, Law and Human Behavior, 14, 1990, 373–84.
Jeffrey, L Kestler, Questioning Techniques and Tactics, New York, McGraw–Hill, 1982.
Erik, C. W. Krabbe, Studies in Dialogical Logic, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Groningen, 1982.
Erik C. W. Krabbe, “Appeal to Ignorance”, Fallacies: Classical and Contemporary Readings, ed. Hans, V. Hansen and Robert, C. Pinto, University Park, PA, Penn State Press, 1995, 251–64.
Richard, A. Leo and Richard, J. Ofshe, “The Consequences of False Confessions: Deprivations of Liberty and Miscarriages of Justice in the Age of Psychological Interrogation”, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 88, 1998, 429–96.
Locke, John, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 9th ed., London, Churchill, 1726.
Mackenzie, Jim, “Question-Begging in Non-cumulative Systems,” Journal of Philosophical Logic, 8, 1979, 117–33.
Mackenzie, Jim, “Why Do We Number Theorems?”, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 58, 1980, 135–49.
Magid, Laurie, “Deceptive Police Interrogation Practices: How Far Is Too Far?”, Michigan Law Review, 99, 2001, 1168–1210.
Montoya, Jean, “Something Not So Funny Happened on the Way to Conviction: The Pretrial Interrogation of Child Witnesses”, Arizona Law Review, 35, 1993, 927–87.
Nissan, Ephraim, “The Bayesianism Debate in Legal Scholarship”, Artificial Intelligence and Law, 9, 2001, 199–214.
Charles S. Peirce, Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, Vol. 2, “Elements of Logic”, ed. Hartshorne, Charles and Weiss, Paul, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1965.
Prakken, Henry, “From Logic to Dialectics in Legal Argumentation”, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, Washington, DC, ACM Press, 1995, 165–74.
Prakken, Henry, “Modelling Defeasibility in Law: Logic or Procedure?Fundamenta Informaticae, 20, 2001, 1–20.
Prakken, Henry, “Coherence and Flexibility in Dialogue Games for Argumentation”, Journal of Logic and Computation, 15, 2005, 1009–1040.
Roy, A. Redfield, Cross Examination and the Witness, Mundelein, IL, Callaghan and Company, 1963.
Redmayne, Mike, “Rationality, Naturalism and Evidence Law”, Michigan State Law Review, 4, 2003, 849–83.
Chris Reed and Douglas Walton, “Argumentation Schemes in Argument-as-Process and Argument-as-Product”, presented at IL@25, Informal Logic at 25, May, 2003.
Rescher, Nicholas, Plausible Reasoning, Assen, Van Gorcum, 1976.
Rescher, Nicholas, “Response”, Informal Logic, 14, 1992, 53–8.
Richard, H. Rovere, Senator Joe McCarthy, New York, Harcourt Brace, 1959.
Kevin, W. Saunders, “The Mythic Difficulty in Proving a Negative”, Seton Hall Law Review, 15, 1985, 276–89.
Frans, H. van Eemeren (ed.), Advances in Pragma-Dialectics, Amsterdam, SicSat, 2002.
Bart Verheij, “Anchored Narratives and Dialectical Argumentation”, available at http://www.ai.rug.nl/~verheij/publications.htm
Walton, Douglas, “Rules for Plausible Reasoning”, Informal Logic, 14, 1992, 33–51.
Walton, Douglas, Argument Structure: A Pragmatic Theory, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1996.
Walton, Douglas, One-Sided Arguments: A Dialectical Analysis of Bias, Albany, NY, State University of New York Press, 1999.
Walton, Douglas, Fundamentals of Critical Argumentation, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Walton, Douglas and Reed, Chris, “Enthymemes and Argumentation Schemes”, Synthese: An International Journal for Epistemology, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, 145, 2005, 339–70.
James, W. Williams, “Interrogating Justice: A Critical Analysis of the Police Interrogation and Its Role in the Criminal Justice Process”, Canadian Journal of Criminology, 42, 2000, 209–41.

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