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1 - Needs and justice in the Wealth of Nations: an introductory essay

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

Istvan Hont
Affiliation:
King's College, Cambridge
Michael Ignatieff
Affiliation:
King's College, Cambridge
Istvan Hont
Affiliation:
King's College, Cambridge
Michael Ignatieff
Affiliation:
King's College, Cambridge
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Summary

Since … according to Smith, a society is not happy, of which the greater part suffers – yet even the wealthiest state of society leads to this suffering of the majority – and since the economic system (and in general a society based on private interest) leads to this wealthiest condition, it follows that the goal of the economic system is the unhappiness of society.

Karl Marx, ‘Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844’

No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable…

Compared, indeed, with the more extravagant luxury of the greater, [the labourer's] accommodation must no doubt appear extremely simple and easy – and yet it may be true, perhaps, that the accommodation of an European prince does not always so much exceed that of an industrious and frugal peasant, as the accommodation of the latter exceeds that of many an African king, the absolute master of the lives and liberties of ten thousand naked savages.

Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations (Bk I, Chs. I and VIII)

No clear definition of the identity of political economy in eighteenth-century Scotland can be given unless an account is offered of the central questions which Adam Smith was trying to answer when he wrote the Wealth of Nations. This in turn requires that we should be able to understand the relation between Smith's concerns as a moral philosopher, as a professor of jurisprudence and as a political economist.

Type
Chapter
Information
Wealth and Virtue
The Shaping of Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment
, pp. 1 - 44
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1983

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