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17 - Functional imaging of obsessive–compulsive disorder

from Section III - Anxiety Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2011

By
Bon-Mi Gu ,
Do-Hyung Kang  and
Jun Soo Kwon
Edited by
Martha E. Shenton  and
Bruce I. Turetsky
Bon-Mi Gu
Affiliation:
Interdisciplinary Program in Brain Science Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea
Do-Hyung Kang
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea
Jun Soo Kwon
Affiliation:
Interdisciplinary Program in Brain Science and Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea
Martha E. Shenton
Affiliation:
VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Bruce I. Turetsky
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has explored a broad range of cognitive functions, in addition to the neural correlates of symptom provocation and symptom improvement after treatment. Additionally, given the heterogeneity of patients with OCD, some fMRI research has examined symptom-specific neural correlates or comparisons of different symptom dimensions in these patients. fMRI research on OCD has also included family members of patients with OCD, and have suggested trait-dependent neural patterns of cognitive dysfunction and genetic susceptibility to OCD.

The current model of OCD pathophysiology involves cortico basal ganglia–thalamo-cortical loop dysfunction, especially including dysfunction in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), caudate nucleus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The major findings in neuroimaging research in OCD suggest hyperactivation in the ventral frontal–striatal areas, such as the OFC, insula, ACC, and caudate head, during symptom provocation or resting states, and generally show normalized activation after symptom improvement. Additionally, various cognitive paradigms have been applied to fMRI research in OCD, and have provided evidence of neural correlates of specific cognitive dysfunction. The overall results of fMRI research in cognitive paradigms indicate reduced brain activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) or parietal lobes, related to executive function or cognitive flexibility, increased hippocampus activation, as compensation for dysfunction in the basal ganglia during implicit sequence learning, and hyperactivation in ACC, related to error processing.

Keywords

cognitive activation paradigmscortico basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop dysfunctionfunctional MRIsymptom-specific neural correlatesobsessive-compulsive disordersymptom provocation studies
Type
Chapter
Information
Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Insights from Neuroimaging
 , pp. 247 - 259
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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  • Functional imaging of obsessive–compulsive disorder
    • By Bon-Mi Gu, Interdisciplinary Program in Brain Science Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea, Do-Hyung Kang, Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea, Jun Soo Kwon, Interdisciplinary Program in Brain Science and Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea
  • Edited by Martha E. Shenton, Bruce I. Turetsky, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
  • Online publication: 10 January 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511782091.018
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  • Functional imaging of obsessive–compulsive disorder
    • By Bon-Mi Gu, Interdisciplinary Program in Brain Science Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea, Do-Hyung Kang, Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea, Jun Soo Kwon, Interdisciplinary Program in Brain Science and Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea
  • Edited by Martha E. Shenton, Bruce I. Turetsky, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
  • Online publication: 10 January 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511782091.018
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  • Functional imaging of obsessive–compulsive disorder
    • By Bon-Mi Gu, Interdisciplinary Program in Brain Science Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea, Do-Hyung Kang, Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea, Jun Soo Kwon, Interdisciplinary Program in Brain Science and Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea
  • Edited by Martha E. Shenton, Bruce I. Turetsky, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
  • Online publication: 10 January 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511782091.018
Available formats
×