Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T23:40:12.826Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part II - Variability and Missing Data

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2022

Myles Lavan
Affiliation:
University of St Andrews, Scotland
Daniel Jew
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
Bart Danon
Affiliation:
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Uncertain Past
Probability in Ancient History
, pp. 195 - 302
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Babu, K. V., Rani, D. U. and Reddy, M. V. S. (2003). Economic Value of Children and Fertility. New Delhi: Discovery.Google Scholar
Bagnall, R. S. (1993). Egypt in Late Antiquity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Bagnall, R. S. and Frier, B. W. (2006). The Demography of Roman Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bekar, C. and Reed, C. (2003). Open fields, risk, and land divisibility. Explorations in Economic History, 40(3), 30825.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekar, C. and Reed, C. (2009). Risk, asset markets and inequality: Evidence from medieval England. University of Oxford, Discussion Papers in Economic History 79. https://www.nuff.ox.ac.uk/economics/history/Google Scholar
Blouin, K. (2014). Triangular Landscapes. Environment, Society, and the State in the Nile Delta under Roman Rule. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bonneau, D. (1971). Le fisc et le Nil: incidences des irrégularités de la crue du Nil sur la fiscalité foncière dans l’Égypte grecque et romaine. Paris: Cujas.Google Scholar
Caldwell, J. C. (2004). Fertility in the classical world: Was there an ancient fertility transition? Journal of Population Research, 21(1), 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, M. and Zimmerman, F. (2003). Asset smoothing, consumption smoothing and the reproduction of inequality under risk and subsistence constraints. Journal of Development Economics, 71, 23360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Croix, D. and Doepke, M. (2003). Inequality and growth: Why differential fertility matters. American Economic Review, 93, 1091113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engels, D. (1984). The use of demography in ancient history. Classical Quarterly, 34, 38693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erdkamp, P. (2005). The Grain Market in the Roman Empire: A Social, Political and Economic Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO (2015). Egypt: Wheat Sector Review. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Foxhall, L. (1990). The dependent tenant: Land leasing and labour in Italy and Greece. Journal of Roman Studies, 80, 97114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frier, B. W. (1994). Natural fertility and family limitation in Roman marriage. Classical Philology, 89, 31823.Google Scholar
Gallant, T. (1989). Crisis and response: Risk-buffering behaviour in Hellenistic Greek communities. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 19, 393413.Google Scholar
Gallant, T. (1991). Risk and Survival in Ancient Greece: Reconstructing the Rural Domestic Economy, Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (1982). The theoretical possibility of extensive infanticide in the Graeco-Roman world. Classical Quarterly, 32 (1), 11416.Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (1994). Child-exposure in the Roman Empire. Journal of Roman Studies, 84, 122.Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (2006). A revisionist review of Roman money. Journal of Roman Studies, 96, 124.Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (2011). Poverty and destitution in the Roman Empire. In Rome’s Imperial Economy: Twelve Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2754.Google Scholar
Hin, S. (2013). The Demography of Roman Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hopkins, K. (1995/6). Rome, taxes, rent and trade. Kodai: Journal of Ancient History, 6/7, 4175.Google Scholar
Huebner, S. R. (2013). The Family in Roman Egypt: A Comparative Approach to Intergenerational Solidarity and Conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, A. C. (1936). Roman Egypt to the Reign of Diocletian. Vol. II of T. Frank (ed.), An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins.Google Scholar
Kapparis, K. A. (2002). Abortion in the Ancient World. London: Bristol Classical Press.Google Scholar
Kelly, P. V. (2021). Risks for farming families in the Roman Empire. In Erdkamp, P., Manning, J. G. and Verboven, K. (eds.), Climate Change and Ancient Societies in Europe and the Near East. Cham: Springer, 485503.Google Scholar
Langellotti, M. (2015). Sales in early Roman Tebtunis: The case of the grapheion archive of Kronion. In Jakab, E. (ed.), Sale and Community Documents from the Ancient World, Legal Documents in Ancient Societies 5. Trieste: Edizioni Università di Trieste, 11732.Google Scholar
Lerouxel, F. (2016). Le marché du crédit dans le monde romain (Égypte et Campanie). Rome: École Française de Rome.Google Scholar
Manning, J. G. (2018). The Open Sea: The Economic Life of the Ancient Mediterranean World from the Iron Age to the Rise of Rome. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
McCloskey, D. N. (1976). English open fields as behavior towards risk. In Uselding, P. (ed.), Research in Economic History, Vol. I. Greenwich, CO: JAI Press, 12470.Google Scholar
McCormick, M. (2013). What climate science, Ausonius, Nile floods, rye farming, and thatched roofs tell us about the environmental history of the Roman Empire. In Harris, W. V. (ed.), The Ancient Mediterranean Environment between Science and History. Leiden: Brill, 6188.Google Scholar
Montevecchi, O. (1984). I Contratti di Baliatico. Milan: Tipolitografia Tibiletti.Google Scholar
Mueller, E. (1976). The economic value of children in peasant agriculture. In Ridker, R. (ed.), Population and Development: The Search for Selective Interventions. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 98153.Google Scholar
Nugent, J. B. (1985). The old-age security motive for fertility. Population and Development Review, 11(1), 7597.Google Scholar
Parkin, T. (2013). The demography of infancy and early childhood in the ancient world. In Grubbs, J. E. and Parkin, T. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Childhood and Education in the Classical World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4061.Google Scholar
Patterson, C. (1985). ‘Not worth the rearing’: The causes of infant exposure in ancient Greece. Transactions of the American Philological Association, 115, 10323.Google Scholar
Piketty, T. (1997). The dynamics of the wealth distribution and the interest rate with credit rationing. The Review of Economic Studies, 64, 17389.Google Scholar
Rathbone, D. (1997). Prices and price formation in Roman Egypt. In Andreau, J., Briant, P. and Descat, R. (eds.), Économie antique: prix et formation des prix dans les économies antiques. Saint-Bernard-de-Comminges: Musée archéologique départmental, 183244.Google Scholar
Rathbone, D. (2009). Earnings and costs: Living standards and the Roman economy (first to third centuries AD). In Bowman, A. and Wilson, A. (eds.), Quantifying the Roman Economy: Methods and Problems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 299326.Google Scholar
Rathbone, D. (2013). Village markets in Roman Egypt: The case of first-century AD Tebtunis. In Frass, M. (ed.), Kauf, Konsum und Märkte: Wirtschaftswelten im Fokus – Von der römischen Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 12344.Google Scholar
Rathbone, D. and von Reden, S. (2013). Mediterranean grain prices in classical antiquity. In Van de Spek, R. J., van Zanden, J. L. and van Leeuwen, B. (eds.), A History of Market Performance: From Ancient Babylonia to the Modern World. London: Routledge, 149235.Google Scholar
Ray, D. K., Gerber, J. S., MacDonald, G. K. and West, P. C. (2015). Climate variation explains a third of global crop yield variability. Nature Communications, 6, 5989. doi: http://10.1038/ncomms6989.Google Scholar
Richards, A. (1982). Egypt’s Agricultural Development 1800–1980. Boulder: Westview.Google Scholar
Riddle, J. M. (1992). Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Rowlandson, J. (1996). Landowners and Tenants in Roman Egypt: The Social Relations of Agriculture in the Oxyrhynchite Nome. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rowlandson, J. (1999). Agricultural tenancy and village society in Roman Egypt. In Bowman, A. K. and Rogan, E. (eds.), Agriculture in Egypt from Pharaonic to Modern Times. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 13956.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. (1997). Quantifying the sources of slaves in the early Roman Empire. Journal of Roman Studies, 87, 15669.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. (2002). A model of demographic and economic change in Roman Egypt after the Antonine plague. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 15, 97114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheidel, W. (2009). Real wages in early economies: Evidence for living standards from 1800 BCE to 1300 CE. Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics. https://www.princeton.edu/~pswpcGoogle Scholar
Smith, J. E. and Oeppen, J. (1993). Estimating numbers of kin in historical England using demographic microsimulation. In Reher, D. S. and Schofield, R. S. (eds.), Old and New Methods in Historical Demography. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 280317.Google Scholar
Taubenschlag, R. (1955). The Law of Greco Roman Egypt in the Light of the Papyri. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.Google Scholar
Van Minnen, P. (2008). Money and credit in Roman Egypt. In Harris, W. (ed.), The Monetary Systems of the Greeks and Romans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 22641.Google Scholar
Wallace, S. L. (1938). Taxation in Egypt from Augustus to Diocletian. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

References

Adams, C. (2007). Land Transport in Roman Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Adams, C. (2012). Transport. In Scheidel, W. (ed.), Cambridge Companion to the Ancient Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 218240.Google Scholar
Allen, R. (2009). How prosperous were the Romans? Evidence from Diocletian’s Price Edict. In Bowman, A. K. and Wilson, A. (eds.), Quantifying the Roman Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 32745.Google Scholar
Andreau, J. (2008). Le prix du blé en Sicile et en Asie Mineure. In Roman, Y. and Dalaison, J. (eds.), L’Economie antique, une économie de marché ? Actes des deux tables rondes tenues à Lyon les 4 Février et 30 Novembre 2004. Paris: De Boccard, 12736.Google Scholar
Arena, G. (2005). Città di Panfilia e Pisidia sotto il dominio romano: continuità strutturali e cambiamenti funzionali. Catania: Edizioni del prisma.Google Scholar
Barquin, R. (2005). The demand elasticity for wheat in the 14th to 18th centuries. Revista de Historia Economica – Journal of Iberian and Latin American, 23(2), 24167.Google Scholar
Bielman-Sanchez, A. (2003). Citoyennes hellénistiques. Les femmes et leur cité en Asie mineure. In Le Dinahet, M.-Th (ed.), L’Orient méditerranéen de la mort d’Alexandre au Ier siècle avant notre ère. Anatolie, Chypre, Egypte, Syrie. Nantes: Editions du temps, 17696.Google Scholar
Braudel, F. (1979). Civilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme (XVe – XVIIè siècle). Vol. I. Les structures du quotidien. Paris: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
Braudel, F. (1990a). La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranée à l’époque de Philippe II – 1. La part du milieu. Paris: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
Braudel, F. (1990b). La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranée à l’époque de Philippe II – 2. Destins collectifs et mouvements d’ensemble. Paris: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
Bresson, A. (2016). The Making of the Ancient Greek Economy: Institutions, Markets and Growth in the City-states. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Broughton, T. R. S. (1938). Roman Asia Minor. In Frank, T. (ed.), An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome, Vol. IV. Baltimore: John Hopkins, 499918.Google Scholar
Campbell, B. (2010). Nature as historical protagonist: Environment and society in pre-industrial England. Economic History Review, 63(2), 281314.Google Scholar
Cipolla, C. (1994). Before the Industrial Revolution: European Society and Economy: 1000–1700. New York; London: Norton.Google Scholar
Couilloud-Le Dinahet, M.-T. (1988). Les magistrats grecs et l’approvisionnement des cités. Cahiers d’Histoire, 33, 32132.Google Scholar
Creedy, J. (1986). On the King-Davenant Law of demand. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 33(3), 193212.Google Scholar
Dmitriev, S. (2005). City Government in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dogaer, N. (2021). The Black Market in Oil in Ptolemaic Egypt. Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists, 58, 31541.Google Scholar
Doyen, C. (2012). Métrologie grecque, volume II: étalons de l’argent et du bronze en Grèce hellénistique. Louvain-La-Neuve: Association Professuer Marcel Hoz.Google Scholar
Duncan-Jones, R. (1982). The Economy of the Roman Empire: Quantitative Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Edvinsson, R. (2009). Swedish harvests, 1665–1820: Early modern growth in the periphery of European economy. Scandinavian Economic History Review, 57(1), 225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endres, A. (1987). The ‘King-Davenant’ Law in classical economics. History of Political Economy, 19(4), 62138.Google Scholar
Erdkamp, P. (2002). A starving mob has no respect. Urban markets and food riots in the Roman world, 100 BC – AD 400. In De Blois, L. (ed.), The Transformation of Economic life under the Roman Empire. Amsterdam: Gieben, 93115.Google Scholar
Erdkamp, P. (2005). The Grain Market in the Roman Empire: A Social, Political and Economic Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Erdkamp, P. (2008). Grain Market Intervention in the Roman World. In Alston, R. and van Nijf, O. (eds.), Feeding the Ancient Greek City, Leuven: Peeters, 10925.Google Scholar
Fantasia, U. (1984). Mercanti e sitionai nelle città greche. In margine a tre documenti epigrafici della prima età ellenistica. Cività classica e cristiana, 5, 283311.Google Scholar
Fogel, R. W. (1992). Second thoughts on the European escape from hunger: Famines, chronic malnutrition, and mortality rates. In Osmani, S. R. (ed.), Nutrition and Poverty. Oxford; New York: Clarendon Press, 24386.Google Scholar
Fröhlich, P. (2005). Dépenses publiques et évergétisme des citoyens dans l’exercice des charges à Priène à la basse époque hellénistique. In Fröhlich, P. and Müller, C. (eds.), Citoyenneté et participation à la basse époque hellénistique. Geneva: Droz, 22556.Google Scholar
Garnsey, P. (1988). Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World. Responses to Risk and Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, R. W. (1984). An estimate of the size and structure of the national product of the early Roman Empire. Review of Income and Wealth, 30(3), 26388.Google Scholar
Halfmann, H. (2004). Éphèse et Pergame. Urbanisme et commanditaires en Asie Mineure romaine. Bordeaux: Ausonius.Google Scholar
Hall, A. S. and Milner, N. P. (1994). Education and athletics: Documents illustrating the festivals of Oenoanda. In French, D. (ed.), Studies in the History and Topography of Lycia and Pisidia. London: British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara: 747.Google Scholar
Hopkins, K. (1980). Taxes and trade in the Roman Empire (200 BC–AD 400). Journal of Roman Studies, 70(49), 10125.Google Scholar
Hopkins, K. (2002). Rome, Taxes, rents and Trade. In Scheidel, W. and von Reden, S. (eds.), The Ancient Economy. New York: Routledge, 190233.Google Scholar
Hoskins, W. G. (1964). Harvest fluctuations and English economic history, 1480–1619. The Agricultural History Review, 12(1), 2846.Google Scholar
Jones, A. H. M. (1940). The Greek City from Alexander to Justinian. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Jongman, W. M. (1991). The Economy and Society of Pompeii. Amsterdam: Gieben.Google Scholar
Jongman, W. M. (2007). The early Roman Empire: Consumption. In Scheidel, W., Morris, I. and Saller, R. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of the Graeco-Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 592618.Google Scholar
Kantirea, M. (2016). Non-elite benefactors in the Roman East: Building activity by freedmen, slaves, craftsmen and traders. In Hazırlayanlar, Y., Takmer, B., Arca, E. N. A. and Özdil, N. G. (eds.), Vir doctus anatolicus: Studies in Memory of Sencer Şahin. Istanbul: Kabalcı Yayıncılık, 47193.Google Scholar
Kirbihler, F. (2006). Les émissions monétaires d’Homonoia et les crises alimentaires en Asie sous Marc-Aurèle. Revue des Études Anciennes, 108 (2), 11340.Google Scholar
Kobes, J. (1999). Fremdes Getreide. Beobachtungen zum Problem der Getreideversorgung in der kaiserzeitlichen Provinz Asia. Laverna, 10, 8198.Google Scholar
Macro, A. D. (1980). The cities of Asia Minor under the Roman Empire. In Temporini, H. (ed.), Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, Vol. II.7.2. Berlin; New York: de Gruyter, 65897.Google Scholar
Mauss, M. (1973 [1925]). Essai sur le don: Forme et raison de l’échange dans les sociétés archaïques. Paris: PUF.Google Scholar
Migeotte, L. (1991). Le pain quotidien dans les cites hellénistiques: à propos des fonds permanents pour l’approvisionnement en grain. In Migeotte, L., choix d’articles publiés de 1976 à 2001. Economie et finances publiques des cités grecques. Vol. I. Lyon: Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, 30529.Google Scholar
Migeotte, L. (1995). Finances et constructions publiques. In Wörrle, M. and Zanker, P. (eds.), Stadtbild und Bürgerbild im Hellenismus, Kolloquium, München 24 bis 26 Juni 1993. Munich: C. H. Beck, 7986.Google Scholar
Migeotte, L. (2010). Les ventes de grain public dans les cités grecques aux périodes classique et hellénistique. In Migeotte, L., choix d’articles publiés de 1976 à 2001. Economie et finances publiques des cités grecques. Vol. I. Lyon: Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, 34359.Google Scholar
Migeotte, L. (2014a). Les finances des cités grecques aux périodes classique et hellénistique. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.Google Scholar
Migeotte, L. (2014b). Les grands livres de Tauroménion en Sicile. Comptabilités [online]: Revue d’histoire des comptabilités, 6. http://journals.openedition.org/comptabilites/1483Google Scholar
Mitchell, S. (1990). Festivals, games and civic life in Roman Asia Minor. Journal of Roman Studies, 80, 18393.Google Scholar
Mitchell, S. (1993). Anatolia: Land, Men and Gods in Asia Minor – Vol I: The Celts and the Impact of Roman Rule. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Naylor, R., Falcon, W. and Zavaletta, E. (1997). Variability and growth in grain yields, 1950–94: Does the record point to greater instability? Population and Development Review, 23(1), 4158.Google Scholar
Parenti, G. (1942). Prezzi e mercato del grano a Siena 1546–1765. Florence: C. Cya.Google Scholar
Persson, K. G. (1996). The seven lean years. Economic History Review, 49, 692714.Google Scholar
Pont, A.-V. (2009). Évergètes bâtisseurs à Aphrodisias au Haut-Empire. In Rizakis, A. D. and Camia, F. (eds.), Pathways to Power: Civic Elites in the Roman Part of the Empire (Atti del seminario di studi, Atene 19 dicembre 2005. Athens: Scuola archeologica italiana di Atene, 181208.Google Scholar
Pont, A.-V. (2010). Orner la cite. Enjeux culturels et politiques du paysage urbain dans l’Antiquité gréco-romaine. Bordeaux: Ausonius.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Post, J. D. (1987). Food shortage, nutrition, and epidemic disease in the subsistence crises of Preindustrial Europe. Food and Foodways: Explorations in the History and Culture of Human Nourishment, 1(4), 389423.Google Scholar
Quaß, F. (1993). Die Honoratiorenschicht in den Städten des Griechische Östens. Untersuchungen zur politischen und sozialen Entwicklung in hellenistischer und römischer Zeit. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.Google Scholar
Rathbone, D. (2014). Mediterranean grain prices c. 300 to 31 BC: The impact of Rome. In Baker, H. D. and Jursa, M. (eds.), Documentary Sources in Ancient Near Eastern and Greco-Roman Economic History: Methodology and Practice. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. (2007). Demography. In Scheidel, W., Morris, I. and Saller, R. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of the Graeco-Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3886.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J. (2009). The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire. Journal of Roman Studies, 99, 6191.Google Scholar
Sharp, M. L. (1998). The Food Supply in Roman Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Silver, M. (2007). Grain funds in the Roman Near-East: Market failure or murder of the market? Ancient History Bulletin, 21(1–2), 95104.Google Scholar
Solonakis, N. (2017a). On the lexical diversity of grain-supply systems in the Roman East. Revue belge de Philologie et d’Histoire, 95 (1), 5980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solonakis, N. (2017b). Surplus, Subsistence and Shortage: The Grain-supply Systems of the Graeco-Roman Mediterranean, between Agrarian Economy, Markets and Civic Institutions. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Ghent university.Google Scholar
Sosin, J. (2003). Grain for Delos. Museum Helveticum. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für klassische Altertumswissenschaft, 60(2), 6579.Google Scholar
Strubbe, J. H. M. (1987). The sitonia in the cities of Asia Minor under the Principate – I. Epigraphica Anatolica, 10, 4582.Google Scholar
Strubbe, J. H. M. (1989). The sitonia in the cities of Asia Minor under the Principate – II. Epigraphica Anatolica, 13, 90122.Google Scholar
Van Bremen, R. (1996). The Limits of Participation: Women and Civic Life in the Greek East in the Hellenistic and Roman Period. Amsterdam: Gieben.Google Scholar
Vandevoorde, L. (2014). From Mouse to Millionaire Socio-economic Positions: Mobility, Power Relations, Respectability and Visibility of Augustales in Imperial Italy and Gaul. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Ghent University.Google Scholar
Vandevoorde, L. (2015). Of Mice and men: Financial and occupational differentiation among Augustales. Cahiers “Mondes Anciens”, 7, nr. 1534.Google Scholar
Zadoks, J. C. (2013). Crop Protection in Medieval Agriculture: Studies in Pre-modern Organic Agriculture. Leiden: Sidestone Press.Google Scholar
Zuiderhoek, A. J. (2008). Feeding the citizens: Municipal grain funds and civic benefactors in the Roman East. In Alston, R. and Van Nijf, O. M. (eds.), Feeding the Ancient Greek City. Leuven; Paris: Dudley, 15980.Google Scholar
Zuiderhoek, A. J. (2009). The Politics of Munificence in the Roman Empire: Citizens, Elites and Benefactors in Asia Minor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Zuiderhoek, A. J. (2014). No free lunches: paraprasis in the Greek cities of the Roman East. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 107, 297321.Google Scholar

References

Arshad, S., Hu, S. and Ashraf, B. N. (2018). Zipf’s law and city size distribution: A survey of the literature and future research agenda. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 492(C), 7592.Google Scholar
Bairoch, P. (1988). Cities and Economic Development: From the Dawn of history to the Present. London: Mansell.Google Scholar
Beloch, J. (1886). Die Bevölkerung der griechisch-römischen Welt. Leipzig: Duncker and Humblot.Google Scholar
Bettencourt, L. M. A. and Lobo, J. (2019). Quantitative methods for the comparative analysis of cities in history. Frontiers in Digital Humanities, 6(17), 18.Google Scholar
Bloom, D. E., Canning, D. and Fink, G. (2008). Urbanization and the wealth of nations. Science, 319(5864), 77275.Google Scholar
De Ligt, L. (2012). Peasants, Citizens, and Soldiers: Studies in the Demographic History of Roman Italy, 225 BC–AD 100, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
De Ligt, L. (2016). Urban systems and the political and economic structures of early-imperial Italy. Rivista di Storia Economica, 32, 1775.Google Scholar
Eeckhout, J. (2004). Gibrat’s law for (all) cities. American Economic Review, 94(5), 142951.Google Scholar
Flohr, M. (2017). Quantifying Pompeii: Population, inequality, and the urban economy. In Flohr, M. and Wilson, A. I. (eds.), The Economy of Pompeii. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 5684.Google Scholar
Frier, B. W. (2000). Demography. In Bowman, A. K., Garnsey, P. and Rathbone, D. (eds.), The High Empire, A.D. 70–92. Vol. IX of The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 787816.Google Scholar
Gernet, J. (2002). A History of Chinese Civilisation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hansen, M. H. (2006). The Shotgun Method: The Demography of the Ancient Greek City-state Culture. Columbia; London: University of Missouri Press.Google Scholar
Hanson, J. W. (2016). An Urban Geography of the Roman World, 100 BC to AD 300. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Hanson, J. W. (2021). The urbanism of the Roman Empire. In Rozenblat, C. and Neal, Z. (eds.), Handbook on Cities and Networks. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 88106.Google Scholar
Hanson, J. W. and Ortman, S. G. (2017). A systematic method for estimating the populations of Greek and Roman settlements. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 30, 30124.Google Scholar
Hanson, J. W. and Ortman, S. G. (2020). Reassessing the capacities of entertainment structures in the Roman Empire. American Journal of Archaeology, 124(3), 41740.Google Scholar
Hanson, J. W. Ortman, S. G. and Bettencourt, L. M. A. (2019). Urban form, infrastructure, and spatial organization in the Roman Empire. Antiquity, 93(369), 70218.Google Scholar
Hanson, J. W. Ortman, S. G. and Lobo, J. (2017). Urbanization and the division of labour in the Roman Empire. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 14, e20170367.Google Scholar
Jedwab, R. and Vollrath, D. (2015). Urbanization without growth in historical perspective. Explorations in Economic History, 58, 121.Google Scholar
Jew, D. (Forthcoming). The Probable Past: Agriculture and Carrying Capacity in Ancient Greece.Google Scholar
Jongman, W. M., Jacobs, J. P. A. M. and Klein Goldewijk, G. M. (2019). Health and wealth in the Roman Empire. Economics and Human Biology, 34, 13850.Google Scholar
Lavan, M. (2016). The spread of Roman citizenship, 14–212 CE: Quantification in the face of high uncertainty. Past and Present, 230, 346.Google Scholar
Lavan, M. (2019a). Epistemic uncertainty, subjective probability, and ancient history. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 50(1), 91111.Google Scholar
Lavan, M. (2019b). The Roman army and the diffusion of Roman citizenship. Journal of Roman Studies, 109, 2769.Google Scholar
Lo Cascio, E. (2009). Urbanization as a proxy of demographic and economic growth. In Bowman, A. K. and Wilson, A. I. (eds.), Quantifying the Roman Economy, Oxford Studies in the Roman Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 87106.Google Scholar
Mandich, J. (2019). Ancient city, universal growth? Exploring urban expansion and economic development on Rome’s eastern periphery. Frontiers in Digital Humanities, 6(18), 117.Google Scholar
McCann, P. (2013). Modern Urban and Regional Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McConnell, J. R., Wilson, A. I., Stohl, A. et al. (2018). Lead pollution recorded in Greenland ice indicates European emissions tracked plagues, wars, and imperial expansion during antiquity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(22), 572631.Google Scholar
McEvedy, C. and Jones, R. (1978). Atlas of World Population History. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Morland, P. (2019). The Human Tide: How Population Shaped the Modern World. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Morley, N. (1996). Metropolis and Hinterland: The City of Rome and the Italian Economy, 200 BC–AD 200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, J. C. (1958). Late ancient and medieval population. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 48(3), 1152.Google Scholar
West, G. B. (2017). Scale: The Universal Laws of Life and Death in Organisms, Cities, and Companies. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.Google Scholar
Wilson, A. I. (2011). City sizes and urbanization in the Roman Empire. In Bowman, A. K. and Wilson, A. I. (eds.), Settlement, Urbanization, and Population. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 16195.Google Scholar
Witcher, R. E. (2011). Missing persons? Models of Mediterranean regional survey and ancient populations. In Bowman, A. K. and Wilson, A. I. (eds.), Settlement, Urbanization, and Population. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3675.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. (2016). The Path to Sustained Growth: England’s Transition from an Organic Economy to an Industrial Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Variability and Missing Data
  • Edited by Myles Lavan, University of St Andrews, Scotland, Daniel Jew, National University of Singapore, Bart Danon, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands
  • Book: The Uncertain Past
  • Online publication: 18 November 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009121873.006
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Variability and Missing Data
  • Edited by Myles Lavan, University of St Andrews, Scotland, Daniel Jew, National University of Singapore, Bart Danon, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands
  • Book: The Uncertain Past
  • Online publication: 18 November 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009121873.006
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Variability and Missing Data
  • Edited by Myles Lavan, University of St Andrews, Scotland, Daniel Jew, National University of Singapore, Bart Danon, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands
  • Book: The Uncertain Past
  • Online publication: 18 November 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009121873.006
Available formats
×