Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T04:57:27.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5.2 - The Keynesian Cross: KCross.xls

from 5 - The Keynesian Model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2016

Humberto Barreto
Affiliation:
DePauw University, Indiana
Get access

Summary

The income-expenditure model had its debut in Paul Samuelson's 1939 paper on the multiplier-accelerator interaction theory of the business cycle; in that paper Samuelson draws the consumption function in expenditure-income space and determines equilibrium in the goods market at the point of intersection of the C + I line (with investment given autonomously) with the 45° line. Although it is confined to a mere two pages in Samuelson's paper, in less than a decade this model became the backbone of Samuelson's 1948 principles text.

– Amitava K. Dutt

Quick Summary

To access KCross.xls, visit

http://www.depauw.edu/learn/macroexcel/excelworkbooks/ISLMModel/KCross.xls

KCross.xls introduces the Keynesian Model. It emphasizes equilibration via unintended inventory changes and displays both the familiar income–expenditure diagram and savings equal to investment. The comparative statics properties of the model are explored, with G and T multipliers defined and computed.

Screencasts

  1. • http://vimeo.com/econexcel/introkcross: introduction to the Keynesian Model stressing the concept of equilibrium and explaining how equilibrium Y is determined; shows how Solver can be used to find the equilibrium solution

  2. • http://vimeo.com/econexcel/compstaticskcross: shows how changes in exogenous variables affect equilibrium Y; the concept of elasticity is applied, and Solver is used to find the change in G needed to move the economy to full-employment Y

  3. • http://vimeo.com/econexcel/multiplierkcross: explains the concept of a multiplier and how the G and T multipliers depend on the MPC

Introduction

Since the eventual goal is mastery and understanding of the ISLMADAS Model, it makes sense to begin carefully and slowly with the goods market and Keynesian Cross diagram. Unlike the Solow Model, students will have a passing acquaintance from introductory economics of Keynesian income determination, but there are subtle and fundamental issues that must be clearly explained to build a strong footing on which to erect a complicated superstructure.

Common Problems for Students

The dual nature of Y as output and income is a confusing concept that merits careful explanation. It is easy to see that consumption (C) is a function of income, and, with investment (I) and government spending (G) given, this makes planned expenditures (PE) also a function of income since PE(Y) = C(Y) + I + G. But things start to break down when we solve the model by setting Y = PE(Y).

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

The epigraph is from Dutt, A., “Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply Analysis: A History,” History of Political Economy 34, no. 2 (2002): 330. This paper not only traces the history of the ISLM-ADAS Model through principles and intermediate macro textbooks but also makes clear how to avoid inconsistency from using two supply stories when teaching the model.Google Scholar
Heilbroner, R. (1953) 1999. The Worldly Philosophers: The Lives, Times, and Ideas of the Great Economic Thinkers. Rev. 7th ed. Simon and Schuster.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×