Chapter 8 introduces the use of synchrotron radiation for imaging and micro- and nano-analysis, a field that is of growing importance at modern synchrotron radiation facilities. The methods include transmission microscopy and tomography (using both hard and soft X-rays) and a range of methods providing spatially-resolved spectroscopic information based on photoemission, photoabsorption and X-rayfluorescence. Finally two very different methods based on X-ray diffraction are described, namely the very well-established method of X-ray diffraction topography, but the much more modern technique of coherent X-ray diffraction imaging for 'lens-less' imagingdown to the nanoscopic scale.