Introduction

This chapter is written from the historical and professional point of view of family social work development. Although based mainly on research on, working with and teaching about families in Iceland, the perspectives are integrated with experiences from the other Nordic countries and the US. The ideological roots of the pioneers working for the benefit of families and children's welfare on different levels are looked at. The relevance of preserving the original spirit of the holistic approach when working for contemporary psychosocial welfare is highlighted. In the perspective of the earlier, conflicting dualism of client-centred practice versus theory development, it is argued that the family therapy movement from the 1950s had a close link to and crucial influence on family-centred social work. Consequently it also played a significant part in the 20th century epistemological development in social work.

Postmodern thinking and values with increased democratisation and revised ideas on the nature and function of power have radically influenced social work and changed the conditions, definition and meaning of its position and role. This is discussed in the context of some prominent social theorists’ critical analysis of the social processes, such as Michel Foucault's writings on the concepts of power and autonomy regarding the helping professions. The methodological shift from corrective interventions towards partnership, conferencing and negotiating in family social work is analysed as part of a paradigm shift concomitant with professionalisation in social work.

The family concept is discussed in the light of current social changes; globalisation, fragmentation, family values and the Icelandic-Nordic idea of family solidarity are examined with reference to recent family research. It is argued that the reflexive effects of postmodern processes are essential for the emerging reconstructions of families and family relationships, and that people and politicians need help from professionals with theoretical skills and contextual understanding to handle these transformations. The challenges of the family social workers in the 21st century have much in common with the 100-year-old phenomena related to the turbulence and intensive social changes of that period. It is important not to miss the present as well as the future link to the past.