A. G. Dallas (Shanghai) to David Jardine (Hong Kong), 3 May 1851, B7/37, fo. 442

James Matheson to B. C. Wilcocks, 8 March 1837, C5/2, fo. 51

M. A. Macleod (Foochow) to Alexander Perceval (Hong Kong), 11 May 1861, B7/11, fo. 1236

Robert Taylor to Cruttenden MacKillop, 4 November 1818, C1/1, fo. 10

Litton to Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and other British Consuls, July 1903–December 1905, FO 17/1728, fos. 1–2, 3–10, 13, 15, 16, 22–4, 29–30, 261–5, 266–89 and 307–9

East India Company Factory Records: China and Japan, 1596–1840. China super cargoes (ship's) diary, G/12/34, fos. 81–83, and G/12/35, fos. 1–2

East India Company Factory Records: China and Japan, 1596–1840. Canton diary, G/12/75, 21 July, and Canton consultation, G/12/76, fos. 44–6, 46–8, 50–53, 53–56, 56–58, 58–61 and 61–2

A Correspondent in China, ‘Morphine in China’, Chemist and Druggist, 61, 183 (1902), 560

Abel, Clarke, Narrative of a Journey in the Interior of China, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1818Google Scholar

‘Admonitory Pictures’, Chinese Repository, V, 12 (1837), 571–3

Allen, Nathan, The Opium Trade, Lowell, MA: James P. Walker, 1853Google Scholar

Allen, ThomasGaskell, Jr and Sachtleben, William Lewis, Across Asia on a Bicycle: The Journey of Two American Students from Constantinople to Peking, London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1895Google Scholar

‘American Influence on the Destinies of Ultra-Malayan Asia’, Chinese Repository, VII, 6 (1838), 80

Appadurai, Arjun (ed.), The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Culture Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Atkins, Peter and Bowler, Ian, Food in Society: Economy, Culture, Geography, London: Edward Arnold, 2001Google Scholar

Barrow, John, Travels in China, London: T. Cadell & W. Davies, 1804Google Scholar

Bates, M Searle, ‘The Narcotics Situation in Nanking and Other Occupied Areas’, Amerasia, 3, ⅱ (1940), 525–7Google Scholar

Baudrillard, Jean, The Consumer Society: Myths and Structure, London: Sage, 1998Google Scholar

Beasley, W. G. and Pulleyblank, E. G. (eds.), Historians of China and Japan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961Google Scholar

Beaton, Cecil, Far East, London: B. T. Batsford, 1945Google Scholar

Bell, John, A Journey from St Petersburg to Pekin 1719–1722, Glasgow: R. & A. Foulis, 1763Google Scholar

BenedictRuth, , The Chrysanthemum and the Sword, 2nd edn, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1967Google Scholar

Bertram, James, The Shadow of a War: A New Zealander in the Far East 1939–1946, London: Victor Gollancz, 1947Google Scholar

Bland, J. O. P. and Backhouse, E., China under the Empress Dowager: Being the History of the Life and Times of Tzu Hsi, London: W. Heinemann, 1911Google Scholar

Blusse, Leonard, Strange Company: Chinese Settlers, Mestizo Women and the Dutch in VOC Batavia, Dordrecht: Foris, 1986Google Scholar

‘No Boats to China: The Dutch East India Company and the Changing Pattern of the China Sea Trade, 1635–1690’, Modern Asian Studies, 30, 1 (1996), 51–76CrossRef

Bourdieu, Pierre, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984Google Scholar

Brennan, Thomas, Public Drinking and Popular Culture in Eighteenth-Century Paris, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brook, Timothy, The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998Google Scholar

Brook, Timothy and Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi (eds.), Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839–1952, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000Google Scholar

Brossollet, Guy, Les Français de Shanghai 1849–1949, Paris: Belin, 1999Google Scholar

Buck, John Lossing, Land Utilization in China, Nanjing: Jinling Daxue, 1937Google Scholar

Butel, Paul, L'Opium: histoire d'une fascination, Paris: Perrin, 1995Google Scholar

Caine, G. W., ‘Report on Trade at Hankow during 1868’, North China Herald and Market Report, ⅲ, 124, 9 September 1869, 488Google Scholar

Carl, Katharine A., With the Empress Dowager of China, London: Nash, 1906Google Scholar

Carlitz, Katherine, ‘Shrines, Governing-Class Identity and the Cult of Widow Fidelity,’ Journal of Asian Studies, 56, 3 (1997), 612–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chang, Hsin-pao, Commissioner Lin and the Opium War, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964Google Scholar

Ch'en, Jerome, China and the West: Society and Culture 1815–1937, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1979Google Scholar

Cohen, Paul, Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T'ao and Reform in Late Ch'ing China, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987Google Scholar

Colenbrander, H. T. (ed.), Dagh-Register Gehouden int Casteel Batavia vant Passerende als over Geheel Nederlandts-India Anno 1636, Batavia: G. Kolff, 1899Google Scholar

Colquhoun, Archibald R., Across Chryse: Being the Narrative of a Journey of Exploration through the South China Border Lands from Canton to Mandalay, 2 vols., London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1883Google Scholar

Conger, Mrs Sarah Pike, Letters from China, with Particular Reference to the Empress Dowager and the Women of China, Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1909Google Scholar

Cranmer-Byny, John L., An Embassy to China: Being the Journal Kept by Lord Macartney during His Embassy to the Emperor of Ch'ien-lung 1793–1794, London: Longman, 1962Google Scholar

Cressey, George B., China's Geographic Foundations: A Survey of the Land and its People, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1934Google Scholar

Cressy-Marcks, Violet, Journey into China, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1940Google Scholar

Davis, H. R., Yunnan: The Link between India and the Yangtze, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1909Google Scholar

Davis, John F., China during the War and since the Peace, 2 vols., London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1852Google Scholar

Dermigny, Louis (ed.), Les Memoires de Charles de Contant sur le commerce à la Chine, Paris: Ecole Pratique des Hautes Études, 1964Google Scholar

Douglas, Mary (ed.), Constructive Drinking: Perspectives on Drink from Anthropology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987Google Scholar

Downing, C. Toogood, The Fan-Qui's Visit to the Celestial Empire in 1836–7, 3 vols., London: H. Colburn, 1838Google Scholar

Esherick, Joseph W. ‘Ten Theses on the Chinese Revolution’, Modern China, 21 (1995), 45–76CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Etherton, P. T., The Crisis in China, Boston: Little Brown, 1927Google Scholar

Fairbank, John K., Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953Google Scholar

Fairbank, John K.Coolidge, Martha H. and Smith, Richard J., H. B. Morse: Customs Commissioner and Historian of China, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1994Google Scholar

Fairbank, John K., and Feuerwerker, Albert (eds.), The Cambridge History of China, vol. XIII, Republican China 1912–1949, Part 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fay, Peter W., The Opium War 1840–1842, 2nd edn, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997Google Scholar

Feuerwerker, Albert, ‘Presidential Address: Questions about China's Early Modern Economic History that I wish I could Answer’, Journal of Asian Studies, 51 (1992), 757–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Finch, Percy, Shanghai and Beyond, New York: Scribner, 1953Google Scholar

Fry, William S., Facts and Evidences Relating to the Opium Trade with China, London: Pelham Richardson, 1840Google Scholar

Gamble, Sidney D., Peking: A Social Survey, New York: George H. Doran, 1921Google Scholar

Gavit, John Palmer, Opium, New York: Brentano's, 1927Google Scholar

Gay, Paul du, Consumption and Identity at Work, London: Sage, 1996Google Scholar

Giersch, C Pat, ‘A Motley Throng: Social Change on Southwest China's Early Modern Frontier, 1700–1880’, Journal of Asian Studies, 60, 1 (February 2001), 67–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gilbert, Paul and Andrews, Bernice (eds.), Shame: Interpersonal Behaviour, Psychopathology, and Culture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998Google Scholar

Giles, Herbert A., Chinese Sketches, London: Trubner, 1876Google Scholar

Goodrich, Carrington and Chaoying, Fang (eds.), Dictionary of Ming Biography 1368–1644, New York: Columbia University Press, 1976Google Scholar

Graham, Alexander, The Right, Obligation and Interest of the Government of Great Britain to Request Redress from the Government of China, London: Whittaker, 1840Google Scholar

Greenberg, Michael, British Trade and the Opening of China, 1800–1842, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951Google Scholar

Greenlee, William Brooks (trans.), The Voyage of Pedro Alvares Cabral to Brazil and India, London: Hakluyt Society, 1938Google Scholar

Gulick, Robert Hans, Erotic Colour Prints of the Ming Period, 3 vols., Tokyo: privately published, 1951Google Scholar

Hahn, Emily, Times and Places, New York: Crowell, 1970Google Scholar

Han, Suyin, Destination Chungking, Boston: Little Brown, 1942Google Scholar

Hao, Yen-p'ing, The Commercial Revolution in Nineteenth-Century China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986Google Scholar

Hayter, Alethea, Opium and the Romantic Imagination, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968Google Scholar

Headland, Isaac T., Court Life in China: The Capital, its Officials and People, New York: F. H. Revell, 1909Google Scholar

Henriot, Christian, Prostitution and Sexuality in Shanghai: A Social History, 1849–1949, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001Google Scholar

Hentzner, Paul, Travels in England, London: Edward Geffery, 1797Google Scholar

Holman, James, A Voyage Round the World, Including Travels in Africa, Asia, Australasia, America, etc. from 1827 to 1832, 4 vols., London: Smith, Elder, 1834–5Google Scholar

Holt, Edgar, The Opium Wars in China, London: Putnam, 1964Google Scholar

Hopkins, Anthony (ed.), Globalisation in World History, London: Pimlico, 2002Google Scholar

Hosie, Alexander, Three Years in Western China, 2nd edn, London: G. Philip, 1897Google Scholar

Huang, Ray, 1587, A Year of no Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981Google Scholar

Huc, M., The Chinese Empire, 2 vols., London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1855Google Scholar

Ignatius, Adi and Leung, Julia, ‘What the Revolution in China Wiped Out, Reform Brought Back’, Wall Street Journal, 15 November 1989, A1 and A23Google Scholar

Inspector General of Customs, China Imperial Maritime Customs II; special series no. 4, Opium, and no. 9, Native Opium, Shanghai: Statistical Department of the Inspectorate General, 1881 and 1888

Jocelyn, Lord, Six Months with the Chinese Expedition, London: John Murray, 1841Google Scholar

Johnson, David, Nathan, Andrew and Rawski, Evelyn S. (eds.) Popular Culture in Late Imperial China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985Google Scholar

Johnson, Linda C. (ed.), 1993, Cities of Jiangnan in Late Imperial China, Albany: State University of New York PressGoogle Scholar

‘Journal of Occurrences’, Chinese Repository II, 4 (1834), 574; II, 12 (1834), 574; V, 3 (1836), 138, 142, 143; XIV, 11 (1845), 544; VI, 4 (1847), 179

Kane, H. H., Opium-Smoking in America and China: A Study of its Prevalence, and Effects, Immediate and Remote, on the Individual and the Nation, New York: Arno Press, 1882Google Scholar

Kemp, E. G., The Face of China: Travels in East, North, Central and Western China, London: Chatto & Windus, 1909Google Scholar

Ko, Dorothy, Teachers of the Inner Chamber: Women and Culture in Seventeenth-Century China, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994Google Scholar

Kopytoff, Igor, ‘The Cultural Biography of Things: Commoditization as Process’, in Appadurai (ed.), Social Life of Things, pp. 64–91

Lary, Diana, Warlord Soldiers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985Google Scholar

League of Nations, League of Nations Official Journal, Geneva, October 1924

Lee, John, ‘Trade and Economy in Preindustrial East Asia, c. 1500–1800: East Asia in the Age of Global Integration’, Journal of Asian Studies, 58, 1 (1999), 2–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lee, Peter, The Big Smoke: The Chinese Art and Craft of Opium, Thailand: Lamplight Books, 1999Google Scholar

Levi-Strauss, Claude, The Raw and the Cooked: Introduction to a Science of Mythology, New York: Harper & Row, 1969Google Scholar

Liedekerke, Arnold (ed.) La Belle époque de l'opium: anthologie littéraire de la drogue de Charles Baudelaire à Jean Cocteau, 3rd edn, Paris: Le Sphinx, 1984Google Scholar

Linschoten, Jan Huygen, The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies, 1598, London: Hakluyt Society, 1885Google Scholar

Little, Mrs Archibald, Intimate China, London: Hutchinson, 1899Google Scholar

Lockyer, Charles, An Account of the Trade in India: Containing Rules for Good Government in Trade, Price Courants, and Tables, London: S. Crouch, 1711Google Scholar

Lu, Hanchao, Beyond the Neon Lights: Everyday Shanghai in the Early Twentieth Century, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999Google Scholar

Lupton, Deborah, Food, the Body and the Self, London: Sage, 1996Google Scholar

MacLeod, Murdo J. and Rawski, Evelyn S. (eds.), European Intruders and Changes in Behaviour and Customs in Africa and Asia before 1800, Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1998Google Scholar

Mann, Susan, ‘Widows in the Kinship, Class, and Community Structure of Qing Dynasty China’, Journal of Asian Studies, 46, 1 (1987), 37–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mann, Susan and Cheng, Yu-Yin (eds.), Under Confucian Eyes: Writings on Gender in Chinese History, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001Google Scholar

Maugham, Somerset W., On a Chinese Screen, London: Mandarin, 1990Google Scholar

McMahon, Keith, The Fall of the God of Money: Opium Smoking in Nineteenth-Century China, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002Google Scholar

Meurville, R., La Chine du Yang-tsz, Paris: Payot, 1946Google Scholar

‘Men and Things from Shanghai’, Chinese Repository, ⅹⅸ, 2 (1850), 108–9

‘Military Skill and Power of the Chinese’, Chinese Repository, ⅴ, 5 (1836), 165–78

Milburn, William, Oriental Commerce: The Rise and Progress of the Trade of the Various European Nations with the Eastern World, 2 vols., London: Black, Parry & Co., 1813Google Scholar

Mintz, Sidney W., Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History, New York: Knopf, 1985Google Scholar

Morrison, George E., An Australian in China: Being the Narrative of a Quiet Journey across China to Burma, 3rd edn, London: H. Cox, 1902Google Scholar

Morse, Hosea B., The Chronicles of the East India Company Trading to China 1635–1834, 5 vols., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1926Google Scholar

The International Relations of the Chinese Empire, London: Longmans & Green, 1910

Mote, Frederick W. and Twitchett, Denis (eds.), The Cambridge History of China, vol. VII, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Muir, G. S., ‘The Trade in Morphine to the East’, British Medical Journal, 1 (1910), 240

Mundy, Peter, The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608–1667, 5 vols., London: Hakluyt Society, 1914Google Scholar

Nagtegaal, Luc, Riding the Dutch Tiger: The Dutch East India Company and the Northeast Coast of Java, 1680–1743, Leiden: KITLV Press, 1996Google Scholar

‘Nantao Refugee Zone and the Opium Element in Sino-Japanese-Occidental Relations’, China Weekly Review, 83, 25 December 1937, 88–90

Naquin, Susan, Peking: Temples and City Life, 1400–1900, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000Google Scholar

Naquin, Susan and Rawski, Evelyn S., Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987Google Scholar

Needham, Joseph, Science and Civilisation in China, 7 vols. to date, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954Google Scholar

Nelson, Daniel, Journey to Chungking, Minneapolis: Augsbury Publishing, 1945Google Scholar

‘Nest of Opium Smokers’, Chinese Repository, IV, 7 (1835), 342

Nourse, Mary A., The Four Hundred Million: A Short History of the Chinese, New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1938Google Scholar

‘Opium’, North China Herald and Market Report, III, 116, 15 July 1869, 374

Ouchterlony, John, The Chinese War: An Account of all the Operations of the British Forces from the Commencement to the Treaty of Nanking, London: Saunders & Otley, 1844Google Scholar

Owen, David E., British Opium Policy in China and India, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1934Google Scholar

‘Peking Hospital Report’, North China Herald and Market Report, III, 124, 9 September 1869, 488

Perry, Elizabeth J., Rebels and Revolutionaries in North China 1845–1945, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1980Google Scholar

Pires, Tome, The Suma Oriental of Tome Pires, 2 vols., London: Hakluyt Society, 1944Google Scholar

Pomeranz, Kenneth, The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000Google Scholar

Prakash, Om, The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal 1630–1720, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rattenbury, Harold B., China–Burma Vagabond, London: F. Muller, 1946Google Scholar

Rawski, Evelyn S., ‘Research Themes in Ming-Qing Socioeconomic History – The State of the Field’, Journal of Asian Studies, 50 (1991), 84–111CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reid, Anthony, Charting the Shape of Early Modern Southeast Asia, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, 1999Google Scholar

Ritzer, George, The McDonaldization of Society: An Investigation into the Changing Character of Contemporary Social Life, Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge, 1993Google Scholar

Roche, Daniel, A History of Everyday Things, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000Google Scholar

Royal Commission on Opium, vols. ⅰ, ⅱ and ⅳ, London, 1893–4

Rush, James R., ‘Opium in Java: A Sinister Friend’, Journal of Asian Studies, 44 (1985), 549–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rydell, Robert W., All the World's a Fair: Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876–1916, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984Google Scholar

Salisbury, Harrison E., The Long March: The Untold Story, London: Macmillan, 1985Google Scholar

Scarth, John, Twelve Years in China: The People, the Rebels, and the Mandarins, Edinburgh: T. Constable, 1860Google Scholar

Scott, Edmund, An Exact Discourse of the Subtilties, Fashions, Policies, Religion, and Ceremonies of the East Indians, as well Chyneses as Javans, 1606, London: Walter Burre, 1943Google Scholar

Sergeant, Harriet, Shanghai, London: Crown, 1991Google Scholar

Sirr, Henry Charles, China and the Chinese: Their Religion, Character, Customs, and Manufactures, the Evils Arising from the Opium Trade, 2 vols., London: W. S. Orr, 1849Google Scholar

Skinner, G. William (ed.), The City in Late Imperial China, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1977Google Scholar

Smedt, Marc (ed.), Chinese Erotism, New York: Crescent Books, 1981Google Scholar

Smith, Joanna F. Handlin, ‘Gardens in Ch'i Piao-chia's Social World: Wealth and Values in Late-Ming Kiangnan’, Journal of Asian Studies, 51, 1 (1992), 55–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, Rev. George, A Narrative of an Exploratory Visit to Each of the Consular Cities of China, and to the Islands of Hong Kong and Chusan, London: Seeley & Burnside, 1847Google Scholar

Snow, Edgar, Red Star over China, 1st rev./enlarged edn, London: Victor Gollancz, 1968Google Scholar

Special to the New York Times, lxxii, 23, 851, 14 May 1923, 9

Spector, Stanley, Li Hong-chang and the Huai Army: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Chinese Regionalism, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964Google Scholar

Staunton, Sir George L., An Authentic Account of an Embassy from the King of Great Britain to the Emperor of China, 2 vols., London: G. Nicol, 1797Google Scholar

Stavorinus, John Splinter, Voyages to the East-Indies, 3 vols., London: G. G. & J. Robinson, 1798Google Scholar

Tawney, Richard Henry, Land and Labour in China, London: Allen & Unwin, 1932Google Scholar

Tiffany, Osmond, The Canton Chinese, Boston: James Munroe, 1849Google Scholar

Trocki, Carl A., Opium, Empire and the Global Political Economy: A Study of the Asian Opium Trade, 1750–1950, London: Routledge, 1999Google Scholar

Twitchett, Denis and Mote, Frederick W. (eds.), The Cambridge History of China, vol. VIII, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ven, Hans, ‘Public Finance and the Rise of Warlordism’, Modern Asian Studies, 30, 1 (1996), 829–68Google Scholar

Veblen, Thorstein, Theory of the Leisure Class, 1899, New York: A. M. Kelley, 1965Google Scholar

Vladimirov, Peter, The Vladimirov Diaries: Yenan, China, 1942–1945, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1975Google Scholar

Wakeman, Frederic Jr, The Fall of Imperial China, New York: Free Press, 1975Google Scholar

Wakeman, Frederic Jr and Grant, Carolyn (eds.), Conflict and Control in Late Imperial China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975Google Scholar

Waley-Cohen, Joanna, The Sextants of Beijing, New York: W. W. Norton, 1999Google Scholar

Warren, Samuel, The Opium Question, London: James Ridgway, 1841Google Scholar

Williams, S. Wells, The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Geography, Government, Education, Social Life, Arts, Religion, & c., of the Chinese Empire and its Inhabitants, 2 vols., London: W. H. Allen, 1883Google Scholar

Wilson, Richard W., Greenblatt, Sidney L. and Wilson, Amy A. (eds.), Moral Behavior in Chinese Society, New York: Praeger, 1981Google Scholar

Woodhead, H. G. W., Adventures in Far Eastern Journalism: A Record of Thirty-Three Years' Experience, Tokyo: Hokuseido Press, 1935Google Scholar

Yardley, Herbert O., Chinese Black Chamber: An Adventure in Espionage, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983Google Scholar

A. G. Dallas (Shanghai) to David Jardine (Hong Kong), 3 May 1851, B7/37, fo. 442

James Matheson to B. C. Wilcocks, 8 March 1837, C5/2, fo. 51

M. A. Macleod (Foochow) to Alexander Perceval (Hong Kong), 11 May 1861, B7/11, fo. 1236

Robert Taylor to Cruttenden MacKillop, 4 November 1818, C1/1, fo. 10

Litton to Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and other British Consuls, July 1903–December 1905, FO 17/1728, fos. 1–2, 3–10, 13, 15, 16, 22–4, 29–30, 261–5, 266–89 and 307–9

East India Company Factory Records: China and Japan, 1596–1840. China super cargoes (ship's) diary, G/12/34, fos. 81–83, and G/12/35, fos. 1–2

East India Company Factory Records: China and Japan, 1596–1840. Canton diary, G/12/75, 21 July, and Canton consultation, G/12/76, fos. 44–6, 46–8, 50–53, 53–56, 56–58, 58–61 and 61–2

A. G. Dallas (Shanghai) to David Jardine (Hong Kong), 3 May 1851, B7/37, fo. 442

James Matheson to B. C. Wilcocks, 8 March 1837, C5/2, fo. 51

M. A. Macleod (Foochow) to Alexander Perceval (Hong Kong), 11 May 1861, B7/11, fo. 1236

Robert Taylor to Cruttenden MacKillop, 4 November 1818, C1/1, fo. 10

Litton to Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and other British Consuls, July 1903–December 1905, FO 17/1728, fos. 1–2, 3–10, 13, 15, 16, 22–4, 29–30, 261–5, 266–89 and 307–9

East India Company Factory Records: China and Japan, 1596–1840. China super cargoes (ship's) diary, G/12/34, fos. 81–83, and G/12/35, fos. 1–2

East India Company Factory Records: China and Japan, 1596–1840. Canton diary, G/12/75, 21 July, and Canton consultation, G/12/76, fos. 44–6, 46–8, 50–53, 53–56, 56–58, 58–61 and 61–2

A Correspondent in China, ‘Morphine in China’, Chemist and Druggist, 61, 183 (1902), 560

Abel, Clarke, Narrative of a Journey in the Interior of China, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1818Google Scholar

‘Admonitory Pictures’, Chinese Repository, V, 12 (1837), 571–3

Allen, Nathan, The Opium Trade, Lowell, MA: James P. Walker, 1853Google Scholar

Allen, ThomasGaskell, Jr and Sachtleben, William Lewis, Across Asia on a Bicycle: The Journey of Two American Students from Constantinople to Peking, London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1895Google Scholar

‘American Influence on the Destinies of Ultra-Malayan Asia’, Chinese Repository, VII, 6 (1838), 80

Appadurai, Arjun (ed.), The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Culture Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Atkins, Peter and Bowler, Ian, Food in Society: Economy, Culture, Geography, London: Edward Arnold, 2001Google Scholar

Barrow, John, Travels in China, London: T. Cadell & W. Davies, 1804Google Scholar

Bates, M Searle, ‘The Narcotics Situation in Nanking and Other Occupied Areas’, Amerasia, 3, ⅱ (1940), 525–7Google Scholar

Baudrillard, Jean, The Consumer Society: Myths and Structure, London: Sage, 1998Google Scholar

Beasley, W. G. and Pulleyblank, E. G. (eds.), Historians of China and Japan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961Google Scholar

Beaton, Cecil, Far East, London: B. T. Batsford, 1945Google Scholar

Bell, John, A Journey from St Petersburg to Pekin 1719–1722, Glasgow: R. & A. Foulis, 1763Google Scholar

BenedictRuth, , The Chrysanthemum and the Sword, 2nd edn, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1967Google Scholar

Bertram, James, The Shadow of a War: A New Zealander in the Far East 1939–1946, London: Victor Gollancz, 1947Google Scholar

Bland, J. O. P. and Backhouse, E., China under the Empress Dowager: Being the History of the Life and Times of Tzu Hsi, London: W. Heinemann, 1911Google Scholar

Blusse, Leonard, Strange Company: Chinese Settlers, Mestizo Women and the Dutch in VOC Batavia, Dordrecht: Foris, 1986Google Scholar

‘No Boats to China: The Dutch East India Company and the Changing Pattern of the China Sea Trade, 1635–1690’, Modern Asian Studies, 30, 1 (1996), 51–76CrossRef

Bourdieu, Pierre, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984Google Scholar

Brennan, Thomas, Public Drinking and Popular Culture in Eighteenth-Century Paris, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brook, Timothy, The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998Google Scholar

Brook, Timothy and Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi (eds.), Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839–1952, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000Google Scholar

Brossollet, Guy, Les Français de Shanghai 1849–1949, Paris: Belin, 1999Google Scholar

Buck, John Lossing, Land Utilization in China, Nanjing: Jinling Daxue, 1937Google Scholar

Butel, Paul, L'Opium: histoire d'une fascination, Paris: Perrin, 1995Google Scholar

Caine, G. W., ‘Report on Trade at Hankow during 1868’, North China Herald and Market Report, ⅲ, 124, 9 September 1869, 488Google Scholar

Carl, Katharine A., With the Empress Dowager of China, London: Nash, 1906Google Scholar

Carlitz, Katherine, ‘Shrines, Governing-Class Identity and the Cult of Widow Fidelity,’ Journal of Asian Studies, 56, 3 (1997), 612–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chang, Hsin-pao, Commissioner Lin and the Opium War, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964Google Scholar

Ch'en, Jerome, China and the West: Society and Culture 1815–1937, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1979Google Scholar

Cohen, Paul, Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T'ao and Reform in Late Ch'ing China, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987Google Scholar

Colenbrander, H. T. (ed.), Dagh-Register Gehouden int Casteel Batavia vant Passerende als over Geheel Nederlandts-India Anno 1636, Batavia: G. Kolff, 1899Google Scholar

Colquhoun, Archibald R., Across Chryse: Being the Narrative of a Journey of Exploration through the South China Border Lands from Canton to Mandalay, 2 vols., London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1883Google Scholar

Conger, Mrs Sarah Pike, Letters from China, with Particular Reference to the Empress Dowager and the Women of China, Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1909Google Scholar

Cranmer-Byny, John L., An Embassy to China: Being the Journal Kept by Lord Macartney during His Embassy to the Emperor of Ch'ien-lung 1793–1794, London: Longman, 1962Google Scholar

Cressey, George B., China's Geographic Foundations: A Survey of the Land and its People, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1934Google Scholar

Cressy-Marcks, Violet, Journey into China, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1940Google Scholar

Davis, H. R., Yunnan: The Link between India and the Yangtze, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1909Google Scholar

Davis, John F., China during the War and since the Peace, 2 vols., London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1852Google Scholar

Dermigny, Louis (ed.), Les Memoires de Charles de Contant sur le commerce à la Chine, Paris: Ecole Pratique des Hautes Études, 1964Google Scholar

Douglas, Mary (ed.), Constructive Drinking: Perspectives on Drink from Anthropology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987Google Scholar

Downing, C. Toogood, The Fan-Qui's Visit to the Celestial Empire in 1836–7, 3 vols., London: H. Colburn, 1838Google Scholar

Esherick, Joseph W. ‘Ten Theses on the Chinese Revolution’, Modern China, 21 (1995), 45–76CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Etherton, P. T., The Crisis in China, Boston: Little Brown, 1927Google Scholar

Fairbank, John K., Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953Google Scholar

Fairbank, John K.Coolidge, Martha H. and Smith, Richard J., H. B. Morse: Customs Commissioner and Historian of China, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1994Google Scholar

Fairbank, John K., and Feuerwerker, Albert (eds.), The Cambridge History of China, vol. XIII, Republican China 1912–1949, Part 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fay, Peter W., The Opium War 1840–1842, 2nd edn, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997Google Scholar

Feuerwerker, Albert, ‘Presidential Address: Questions about China's Early Modern Economic History that I wish I could Answer’, Journal of Asian Studies, 51 (1992), 757–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Finch, Percy, Shanghai and Beyond, New York: Scribner, 1953Google Scholar

Fry, William S., Facts and Evidences Relating to the Opium Trade with China, London: Pelham Richardson, 1840Google Scholar

Gamble, Sidney D., Peking: A Social Survey, New York: George H. Doran, 1921Google Scholar

Gavit, John Palmer, Opium, New York: Brentano's, 1927Google Scholar

Gay, Paul du, Consumption and Identity at Work, London: Sage, 1996Google Scholar

Giersch, C Pat, ‘A Motley Throng: Social Change on Southwest China's Early Modern Frontier, 1700–1880’, Journal of Asian Studies, 60, 1 (February 2001), 67–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gilbert, Paul and Andrews, Bernice (eds.), Shame: Interpersonal Behaviour, Psychopathology, and Culture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998Google Scholar

Giles, Herbert A., Chinese Sketches, London: Trubner, 1876Google Scholar

Goodrich, Carrington and Chaoying, Fang (eds.), Dictionary of Ming Biography 1368–1644, New York: Columbia University Press, 1976Google Scholar

Graham, Alexander, The Right, Obligation and Interest of the Government of Great Britain to Request Redress from the Government of China, London: Whittaker, 1840Google Scholar

Greenberg, Michael, British Trade and the Opening of China, 1800–1842, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951Google Scholar

Greenlee, William Brooks (trans.), The Voyage of Pedro Alvares Cabral to Brazil and India, London: Hakluyt Society, 1938Google Scholar

Gulick, Robert Hans, Erotic Colour Prints of the Ming Period, 3 vols., Tokyo: privately published, 1951Google Scholar

Hahn, Emily, Times and Places, New York: Crowell, 1970Google Scholar

Han, Suyin, Destination Chungking, Boston: Little Brown, 1942Google Scholar

Hao, Yen-p'ing, The Commercial Revolution in Nineteenth-Century China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986Google Scholar

Hayter, Alethea, Opium and the Romantic Imagination, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968Google Scholar

Headland, Isaac T., Court Life in China: The Capital, its Officials and People, New York: F. H. Revell, 1909Google Scholar

Henriot, Christian, Prostitution and Sexuality in Shanghai: A Social History, 1849–1949, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001Google Scholar

Hentzner, Paul, Travels in England, London: Edward Geffery, 1797Google Scholar

Holman, James, A Voyage Round the World, Including Travels in Africa, Asia, Australasia, America, etc. from 1827 to 1832, 4 vols., London: Smith, Elder, 1834–5Google Scholar

Holt, Edgar, The Opium Wars in China, London: Putnam, 1964Google Scholar

Hopkins, Anthony (ed.), Globalisation in World History, London: Pimlico, 2002Google Scholar

Hosie, Alexander, Three Years in Western China, 2nd edn, London: G. Philip, 1897Google Scholar

Huang, Ray, 1587, A Year of no Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981Google Scholar

Huc, M., The Chinese Empire, 2 vols., London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1855Google Scholar

Ignatius, Adi and Leung, Julia, ‘What the Revolution in China Wiped Out, Reform Brought Back’, Wall Street Journal, 15 November 1989, A1 and A23Google Scholar

Inspector General of Customs, China Imperial Maritime Customs II; special series no. 4, Opium, and no. 9, Native Opium, Shanghai: Statistical Department of the Inspectorate General, 1881 and 1888

Jocelyn, Lord, Six Months with the Chinese Expedition, London: John Murray, 1841Google Scholar

Johnson, David, Nathan, Andrew and Rawski, Evelyn S. (eds.) Popular Culture in Late Imperial China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985Google Scholar

Johnson, Linda C. (ed.), 1993, Cities of Jiangnan in Late Imperial China, Albany: State University of New York PressGoogle Scholar

‘Journal of Occurrences’, Chinese Repository II, 4 (1834), 574; II, 12 (1834), 574; V, 3 (1836), 138, 142, 143; XIV, 11 (1845), 544; VI, 4 (1847), 179

Kane, H. H., Opium-Smoking in America and China: A Study of its Prevalence, and Effects, Immediate and Remote, on the Individual and the Nation, New York: Arno Press, 1882Google Scholar

Kemp, E. G., The Face of China: Travels in East, North, Central and Western China, London: Chatto & Windus, 1909Google Scholar

Ko, Dorothy, Teachers of the Inner Chamber: Women and Culture in Seventeenth-Century China, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994Google Scholar

Kopytoff, Igor, ‘The Cultural Biography of Things: Commoditization as Process’, in Appadurai (ed.), Social Life of Things, pp. 64–91

Lary, Diana, Warlord Soldiers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985Google Scholar

League of Nations, League of Nations Official Journal, Geneva, October 1924

Lee, John, ‘Trade and Economy in Preindustrial East Asia, c. 1500–1800: East Asia in the Age of Global Integration’, Journal of Asian Studies, 58, 1 (1999), 2–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lee, Peter, The Big Smoke: The Chinese Art and Craft of Opium, Thailand: Lamplight Books, 1999Google Scholar

Levi-Strauss, Claude, The Raw and the Cooked: Introduction to a Science of Mythology, New York: Harper & Row, 1969Google Scholar

Liedekerke, Arnold (ed.) La Belle époque de l'opium: anthologie littéraire de la drogue de Charles Baudelaire à Jean Cocteau, 3rd edn, Paris: Le Sphinx, 1984Google Scholar

Linschoten, Jan Huygen, The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies, 1598, London: Hakluyt Society, 1885Google Scholar

Little, Mrs Archibald, Intimate China, London: Hutchinson, 1899Google Scholar

Lockyer, Charles, An Account of the Trade in India: Containing Rules for Good Government in Trade, Price Courants, and Tables, London: S. Crouch, 1711Google Scholar

Lu, Hanchao, Beyond the Neon Lights: Everyday Shanghai in the Early Twentieth Century, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999Google Scholar

Lupton, Deborah, Food, the Body and the Self, London: Sage, 1996Google Scholar

MacLeod, Murdo J. and Rawski, Evelyn S. (eds.), European Intruders and Changes in Behaviour and Customs in Africa and Asia before 1800, Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1998Google Scholar

Mann, Susan, ‘Widows in the Kinship, Class, and Community Structure of Qing Dynasty China’, Journal of Asian Studies, 46, 1 (1987), 37–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mann, Susan and Cheng, Yu-Yin (eds.), Under Confucian Eyes: Writings on Gender in Chinese History, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001Google Scholar

Maugham, Somerset W., On a Chinese Screen, London: Mandarin, 1990Google Scholar

McMahon, Keith, The Fall of the God of Money: Opium Smoking in Nineteenth-Century China, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002Google Scholar

Meurville, R., La Chine du Yang-tsz, Paris: Payot, 1946Google Scholar

‘Men and Things from Shanghai’, Chinese Repository, ⅹⅸ, 2 (1850), 108–9

‘Military Skill and Power of the Chinese’, Chinese Repository, ⅴ, 5 (1836), 165–78

Milburn, William, Oriental Commerce: The Rise and Progress of the Trade of the Various European Nations with the Eastern World, 2 vols., London: Black, Parry & Co., 1813Google Scholar

Mintz, Sidney W., Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History, New York: Knopf, 1985Google Scholar

Morrison, George E., An Australian in China: Being the Narrative of a Quiet Journey across China to Burma, 3rd edn, London: H. Cox, 1902Google Scholar

Morse, Hosea B., The Chronicles of the East India Company Trading to China 1635–1834, 5 vols., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1926Google Scholar

The International Relations of the Chinese Empire, London: Longmans & Green, 1910

Mote, Frederick W. and Twitchett, Denis (eds.), The Cambridge History of China, vol. VII, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Muir, G. S., ‘The Trade in Morphine to the East’, British Medical Journal, 1 (1910), 240

Mundy, Peter, The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608–1667, 5 vols., London: Hakluyt Society, 1914Google Scholar

Nagtegaal, Luc, Riding the Dutch Tiger: The Dutch East India Company and the Northeast Coast of Java, 1680–1743, Leiden: KITLV Press, 1996Google Scholar

‘Nantao Refugee Zone and the Opium Element in Sino-Japanese-Occidental Relations’, China Weekly Review, 83, 25 December 1937, 88–90

Naquin, Susan, Peking: Temples and City Life, 1400–1900, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000Google Scholar

Naquin, Susan and Rawski, Evelyn S., Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987Google Scholar

Needham, Joseph, Science and Civilisation in China, 7 vols. to date, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954Google Scholar

Nelson, Daniel, Journey to Chungking, Minneapolis: Augsbury Publishing, 1945Google Scholar

‘Nest of Opium Smokers’, Chinese Repository, IV, 7 (1835), 342

Nourse, Mary A., The Four Hundred Million: A Short History of the Chinese, New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1938Google Scholar

‘Opium’, North China Herald and Market Report, III, 116, 15 July 1869, 374

Ouchterlony, John, The Chinese War: An Account of all the Operations of the British Forces from the Commencement to the Treaty of Nanking, London: Saunders & Otley, 1844Google Scholar

Owen, David E., British Opium Policy in China and India, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1934Google Scholar

‘Peking Hospital Report’, North China Herald and Market Report, III, 124, 9 September 1869, 488

Perry, Elizabeth J., Rebels and Revolutionaries in North China 1845–1945, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1980Google Scholar

Pires, Tome, The Suma Oriental of Tome Pires, 2 vols., London: Hakluyt Society, 1944Google Scholar

Pomeranz, Kenneth, The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000Google Scholar

Prakash, Om, The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal 1630–1720, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rattenbury, Harold B., China–Burma Vagabond, London: F. Muller, 1946Google Scholar

Rawski, Evelyn S., ‘Research Themes in Ming-Qing Socioeconomic History – The State of the Field’, Journal of Asian Studies, 50 (1991), 84–111CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reid, Anthony, Charting the Shape of Early Modern Southeast Asia, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, 1999Google Scholar

Ritzer, George, The McDonaldization of Society: An Investigation into the Changing Character of Contemporary Social Life, Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge, 1993Google Scholar

Roche, Daniel, A History of Everyday Things, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000Google Scholar

Royal Commission on Opium, vols. ⅰ, ⅱ and ⅳ, London, 1893–4

Rush, James R., ‘Opium in Java: A Sinister Friend’, Journal of Asian Studies, 44 (1985), 549–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rydell, Robert W., All the World's a Fair: Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876–1916, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984Google Scholar

Salisbury, Harrison E., The Long March: The Untold Story, London: Macmillan, 1985Google Scholar

Scarth, John, Twelve Years in China: The People, the Rebels, and the Mandarins, Edinburgh: T. Constable, 1860Google Scholar

Scott, Edmund, An Exact Discourse of the Subtilties, Fashions, Policies, Religion, and Ceremonies of the East Indians, as well Chyneses as Javans, 1606, London: Walter Burre, 1943Google Scholar

Sergeant, Harriet, Shanghai, London: Crown, 1991Google Scholar

Sirr, Henry Charles, China and the Chinese: Their Religion, Character, Customs, and Manufactures, the Evils Arising from the Opium Trade, 2 vols., London: W. S. Orr, 1849Google Scholar

Skinner, G. William (ed.), The City in Late Imperial China, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1977Google Scholar

Smedt, Marc (ed.), Chinese Erotism, New York: Crescent Books, 1981Google Scholar

Smith, Joanna F. Handlin, ‘Gardens in Ch'i Piao-chia's Social World: Wealth and Values in Late-Ming Kiangnan’, Journal of Asian Studies, 51, 1 (1992), 55–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, Rev. George, A Narrative of an Exploratory Visit to Each of the Consular Cities of China, and to the Islands of Hong Kong and Chusan, London: Seeley & Burnside, 1847Google Scholar

Snow, Edgar, Red Star over China, 1st rev./enlarged edn, London: Victor Gollancz, 1968Google Scholar

Special to the New York Times, lxxii, 23, 851, 14 May 1923, 9

Spector, Stanley, Li Hong-chang and the Huai Army: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Chinese Regionalism, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964Google Scholar

Staunton, Sir George L., An Authentic Account of an Embassy from the King of Great Britain to the Emperor of China, 2 vols., London: G. Nicol, 1797Google Scholar

Stavorinus, John Splinter, Voyages to the East-Indies, 3 vols., London: G. G. & J. Robinson, 1798Google Scholar

Tawney, Richard Henry, Land and Labour in China, London: Allen & Unwin, 1932Google Scholar

Tiffany, Osmond, The Canton Chinese, Boston: James Munroe, 1849Google Scholar

Trocki, Carl A., Opium, Empire and the Global Political Economy: A Study of the Asian Opium Trade, 1750–1950, London: Routledge, 1999Google Scholar

Twitchett, Denis and Mote, Frederick W. (eds.), The Cambridge History of China, vol. VIII, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ven, Hans, ‘Public Finance and the Rise of Warlordism’, Modern Asian Studies, 30, 1 (1996), 829–68Google Scholar

Veblen, Thorstein, Theory of the Leisure Class, 1899, New York: A. M. Kelley, 1965Google Scholar

Vladimirov, Peter, The Vladimirov Diaries: Yenan, China, 1942–1945, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1975Google Scholar

Wakeman, Frederic Jr, The Fall of Imperial China, New York: Free Press, 1975Google Scholar

Wakeman, Frederic Jr and Grant, Carolyn (eds.), Conflict and Control in Late Imperial China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975Google Scholar

Waley-Cohen, Joanna, The Sextants of Beijing, New York: W. W. Norton, 1999Google Scholar

Warren, Samuel, The Opium Question, London: James Ridgway, 1841Google Scholar

Williams, S. Wells, The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Geography, Government, Education, Social Life, Arts, Religion, & c., of the Chinese Empire and its Inhabitants, 2 vols., London: W. H. Allen, 1883Google Scholar

Wilson, Richard W., Greenblatt, Sidney L. and Wilson, Amy A. (eds.), Moral Behavior in Chinese Society, New York: Praeger, 1981Google Scholar

Woodhead, H. G. W., Adventures in Far Eastern Journalism: A Record of Thirty-Three Years' Experience, Tokyo: Hokuseido Press, 1935Google Scholar

Yardley, Herbert O., Chinese Black Chamber: An Adventure in Espionage, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983Google Scholar

Uncatalogued large-sized Chinese-language material:

Ahee, undated

Wu Binghuan, 30 April (no year)

Hoppo to Ye Mingchen, 12 October 1852, Guangdong Provincial Archive, FO 931/1356, fo. 1

Ying, A (ed.), Yapian Zhanzheng Wenxueji, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1957Google Scholar

Aixinjueluo, Minning, Yangzheng Shuwu Quanji Dingben, 40 vols., Beijing: Nei Fu, 1822Google Scholar

Bao, Shichen, Anwu Sizong, 36 vols., Taipei: Wenhai, 1968Google Scholar

Chen, Jiamo, Bencao Mengquan, 12 vols., Shanghai: Zhongyiyao Daxue, 1994Google Scholar

Chen, Shouxiang, Jiumeng Chongjing: Fang Lin Bei Ning Cang Qingdai Mingxinpian Xuanji, Nanning: Guangxi Meishu, 1998Google Scholar

Chen, Xiqi, Bibin Zaji, Nanjing: Jinling Shuhuashe, 1983Google Scholar

Chen, Yongfa, ‘Hongtaiyang xia de Yingsuhua’, Xin Shixue, 1, 4 (1990), 41–117Google Scholar

Cheng, Enze, Cheng Silang Yiji, 10 vols., Taipei: Yiwen, 1965Google Scholar

Cui, Yueli, Bencao Mingkao, Beijing: Zhongyi Guji, 2000Google Scholar

Guowuyuan, Da Manzhoudiguo (ed.), Da Qing Lichao Shilu: Gaozong, 1, 500 vols., Renzong, 374 vols., Xuanzong, 476 vols., Taipei: Huanlian, 1964, 1964, 1964Google Scholar

Dianshizhai (ed.), Dianshizhai Huabao, 58 vols., Shanghai: Dianshizhai, 1884Google Scholar

Dang'anguan, Diyi Lishi (ed.), Yapian Zhanzheng Dang'an Shiliao, 7 vols., Tianjin: Guji, 1992Google Scholar

Fang, Yizhi, Wuli Xiaoshi, 1785, 12 vols., Taipei: Commercial Press, 1981Google Scholar

‘Fulu Xiaoxiaoshanren Yanguan Yuejuan Jishi’, Shen Bao, 19 April 1872, 163 and 178

Gao, Lian, Zunsheng Bajian, 19 vols., Taipei: Commercial Press, 1979Google Scholar

Gao, Shiqi, Beishu Baowenglu, Shanghai: Hanfenlou, 1860Google Scholar

Gong, Zizhen, Gong Zizhen Quanji, 2 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1959Google Scholar

Gu, Yuanjiao, Bencao Huijian, 10 vols., Shanghai: Zhongyiyao Daxue, 1994Google Scholar

Gugong, Bowuyuan (ed.), Daoguang Qijuzhu, 100 vols., Taipei: Palace Museum, 1985Google Scholar

Gongzhongdang Yongzhengchao Zouzhe, 27 vols., Taipei: Palace Museum, 1977

Hu, Shiyu, Dou Cun, 4 vols., Beijing: Xinhua Shudian, 1985Google Scholar

Huang, Shujing, Taihai Shicha Lu, 8 vols., Taipei: Wenhai, 1980Google Scholar

Huang, Yuanyu, Yuqiu Yaojie, 8 vols., Beijing: Zhongyiyao, 1999Google Scholar

‘Ji Fu Yangyan An’, Shen Bao, 21 June 1872

Jiang, Xiangnan, Qijinglou Wenchao, 6 vols., Zhengzhou: Zhongguo Guji, 1991Google Scholar

‘Jijiu Tunfu Shengshu Yangyan Qisihuisheng Dan’, Shen Bao, 14 and 15 June 1872

Jin, Fuceng and Zhang, Wenhu (eds.), Nanhui Xianzhi, 22 vols., Taipei: Chengwen, 1970Google Scholar

Lan, Dingyuan, Pingtai Jilue, Taipei: Taiwan Yinhang, 1958Google Scholar

Lei, Jin (ed.), Qingren Shuohui, Shanghai: Saoye Shanfang, 1928Google Scholar

Lei, Mengshui (ed.), Zhonghua Zhuzhici, 2 vols., Shanghai: Guji, 1997Google Scholar

Li, Boyuan, Nanting Biji, 16 vols., Shanghai: Guji, 1983Google Scholar

Li, Dongyang and Shen, Shixing (eds.), Da Ming Huidian, 228 vols., Beijing: Nei Fu, 1587Google Scholar

Li, Shizhen, Bencao Gangmu, 52 vols., Beijing: Renmin Weisheng, 1978Google Scholar

Li, Xiaoti, Qingmode Xiaceng Shehui Qimeng Yundong, Shijiaozhaung: Hebei Jiayu, 2001Google Scholar

Xin, Li, ‘Peiling Dabozhen de Yanpian Jingying’, Dongfang Zazhi, 32, 14 (1935), 105–7Google Scholar

Liang, Qichao, Yingbingshi Heji, 2nd edn, 24 vols., Shanghai: Zhonghua Shuji, 1936Google Scholar

Liang, Shaoren, Liangban Qiuyu'an Suibi, 8 vols., Taipeixian: Wenhai, 1975Google Scholar

Liang, Zhangju, Tui'an Suibi, 22 vols., Taipei: Wenhai, 1971Google Scholar

Lidai, Mingren, Biji Xiaoshuo Daguan, 4 vols., Taipei: Xinxing, 1962Google Scholar

Lin, Manhong, ‘Qingmo Shehui Liuxing Xishi Yapian Yanjiou’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Taiwan Normal University, 1985

Liu, Yuji and Chou, Zenghu (eds.), Taigu Xianzhi, 8 vols. Taipei: Chengwen, 1976Google Scholar

Lu, Lin (ed.), Yanfen Juan, Hefei: Huangshan Shushe, 1994Google Scholar

Mao, Xianglin, Moyu Lu, 16 vols., Shanghai: Guji, 1985Google Scholar

Mao, Zedong, Mao Zedong Xuanji, 4 vols., Beijing: Renmin, 1991Google Scholar

Pan, Lun, Daoting Tushuo, 12 vols., Hefei: Huangshan Shushe, 1996Google Scholar

Peng, Songyu, Yuzhou Jitan, 2 vols., Taipei: Dahua Yinshuguan, 1968Google Scholar

Peng, Yulin (ed.), Hengyang Xianzhi, 12 vols., Taipei: Chengwen, 1970Google Scholar

Qi, Sihe and Lin, Shuhui (eds.), Di'erci Yapian Zhanzheng, Shanghai: Renmin, 1978Google Scholar

Yapian Zhanzheng, 6 vols., Shanghai: Renmin, 1954

Qian, Yong, Luyuan Conghua, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1979Google Scholar

Qiu, Yulin, Qingdai Yiwen, 10 vols., Shanghai: Zhonghua Shuju, 1989Google Scholar

Qu, Tuiyuan (ed.), Beijing Lishi Fengtuo Congshu, Beijing: Guangye Shushe, 1925Google Scholar

‘Quan Funu Wu Qingsheng Lun’, Shen Bao, 18 August 1873, 3553

Shanghai, Guji (ed.), Shanghai Tan yu Shanghai Ren, Shanghai: Guji, 1989Google Scholar

Shanghai, Tongxunshe (ed.), Jiu Shanghai Shiliao Huibian, 2 vols., Beijing: Beijing Tushuguan, 1998Google Scholar

Shen, Defu, Wanli Yehuo Bian, 1827, 3 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1959Google Scholar

Shen, Feide, Jiang, Hao and Zhu, Wengaung (eds.), Jiu Shanghai de YanDuChang, Shanghai: Baijia, 1988Google Scholar

Shen, Fu, Fusheng Liuji, 4 vols., Hong Kong: Shanghai Yinshuguan, 1970Google Scholar

Shi, Hongbao, Min Zaji, Taipei: Minyue Shuju, 1968Google Scholar

Song, Xian (ed.), Huihui Yaofang Kaoshi, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 2000Google Scholar

Su, Ning, ‘Jiancha JiaQiang Shehui Zhi'an Zonghe Zhilide Jueding Zhixing Qingkuang’, Renmin Ribao, 30 August 1994, 3

‘Woguo Jindu Taidu Jianjue Chuoshi Deli’, Renmin Ribao, 26 June 1992, 1

‘Yinianlai Woguo Pohuo Duping'an Wanyuqi’, Renmin Ribao, 27 June 1992, 3

Su, Shi, Su Shi Shiji, 50 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1982Google Scholar

Su, Zhiliang, Zhongguo Dupingshi, Shanghai: Renmin, 1997Google Scholar

Sun, Zhongshan, Sun Zhongshan Quanji, 11 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1981Google Scholar

Tan, Xian (ed.), Ban'an Congshu, Taipei: Huawen Shuju, 1970Google Scholar

Tang, Bin, Sanxian Zhengshu, 5 vols., Taipei: Xuesheng Shuju, 1976Google Scholar

Wang, Ang, Yifang Jijie, 21 vols., Beijing: Zhongyiyao, 1997Google Scholar

Wang, Hongbin, Jindu Shijian, Changsha: Yuelu Shushe, 1997Google Scholar

Wang, Peixun (ed.), Tingyulou Suibi, Chongqing: Chubanshe, 1996Google Scholar

Wang, Shizhen, Gubugu Lu, Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1937Google Scholar

Xiangzu Biji, 12 vols., Shanghai: Guji, 1982

Wang, Tao, Wang Tao Riji, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1987Google Scholar

Wang, Tao and Yu, Chensheng, Yanshi Congchao, Taipei: Guangwen Shuju, 1976Google Scholar

Wang, Wenru (ed.), Shuo Ku, 4 vols., Shanghai: Wenmin Shuju, 1915Google Scholar

Wu, Xin and Yao, Wendan (eds.), Shanghaixian Xuzhi, 30 vols., Taipei: Chengwen, 1970Google Scholar

Xiao, Qian (ed.), Shehui Baixiang, Taipei: Commercial Press, 1992Google Scholar

Xiao, Yuanke (ed.), Qingshuo Qizhong, Shanghai: Wenyi, 1992Google Scholar

Xie, Juezai, Xie Juezai Riji, 2 vols., Beijing: Renmin, 1984Google Scholar

Xu, Boling, Yinjing Juan, 1776, 12 vols., Taipei: Commercial Press, 1971Google Scholar

Xu, Chunfu, Gujin Yitong Daquan, 100 vols., Taipei: Xinwenfeng, 1978Google Scholar

Xu, Ke, Qingpai Leichao, 92 vols., Taipei: Commercial Press, 1966Google Scholar

Xu, Zhiyan, Shiye Yewen, Taiyuan: Shanxi Guji, 1995Google Scholar

Xu, Zhongyuan, Sanyi Bitan, Chongqing: Chubanshe, 1996Google Scholar

Xue, Fucheng, Yong'an Suibi, Beijing: Zhongyang Dangxiao, 1998Google Scholar

Ye, Mengzhu, Yueshi Bian, 10 vols., Shanghai: Guji, 1981Google Scholar

Yin, Guangren and Zhang, Rulin, Aomen Zhilue, Taipei: Guangwen, 1968Google Scholar

Yu, Jiao, Meng'an Zazhu, 10 vols., Beijing: Wenhua Yishu, 1988Google Scholar

Yu, Yue, Youtaixianguan Biji, 16 vols., Shanghai: Guji, 1986Google Scholar

Yu, Zhengxie, Guisi Leigao, 1879, 15 vols., Taipei: Shijie Shuju, 1965Google Scholar

Yuan, Tingdong (ed.), Zhongguo Xiyan Shihua, Taipei: Commercial Press, 1998Google Scholar

Yuan, Yongxi (ed.), Zhongguo Renkou: Zonglun, Beijing: Caizheng Jingji, 1991Google Scholar

Zeng, Yuwang, Zeng Yuwang Riji, Shanghai: Renmin, 1982Google Scholar

Zhang, Dai, Tan'an Mengyi, 8 vols., Shanghai: Shanghai Shudian, 1982Google Scholar

Zhang, Jingyue, Jingyue Quanshu, 64 vols., Beijing: Zhongyiyao, 1999Google Scholar

Zhang, Jixin, Daoxian Huanhai Jiwenlu, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1981Google Scholar

Zhang, Lu, Benjing Fengyuan, 4 vols., Beijing: Zhongyiyao, 1999Google Scholar

Zhang, Tingyu (ed.), Ming Shi, 1740, 332 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1974Google Scholar

Zhang, Xie, Dong Xi Yang Kao, Taipei: Commercial Press, 1965Google Scholar

Zhang, Zuyi, Qingdai Yesji, 3 vols., Taiyuan: Shanxi Guji, 1996Google Scholar

Zhao, Xuemin, Bencao Gangmu Shiyi, 10 vols., Taipei: Hongye Shuju, 1985Google Scholar

Zhao, Yi, Yanpu Zaji, 7 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1982Google Scholar

Zheng, Chaoxiong, ‘Cong Guangxi Hepu Mingdai Yaozhinie Faxian Ciyandou Tanji Yancao Chuanru Woguo de Shijian Wenti’, Nongye Kaogu, 12, 2 (1986), 383–7 and 391Google Scholar

Zhongguo, Kexueyuan Jinshisuo (ed.), Jindaishi Zilao, vol. XXXIV, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1964Google Scholar

Zhonghua, Shuju (ed.), Quan Tang Shi, 900 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1960Google Scholar

Zhongyang, Yanjiuyuan (ed.), Ming Shenzong Shilu, 596 vols., Taipei: Academic Sinica, 1966Google Scholar

Ming Xiaozong Shilu, 224 vols., Taipei: Academic Sinica, 1964

Zhou, Shouchang, Siyitang Rizha, Changsha: Yuelu Shushe, 1985Google Scholar

Zhou, Yi, QiZhen Yecheng, 16 vols., Taipei: Mingwen Shuju, 1991Google Scholar

Zhu, Fengchun and Gu, Lu (eds.), Yancao Lu, Suzhou: Yisu Caotang, 1820Google Scholar

Zhu, Jingying, Haidong Zhaji, Taipei: Taiwan Yinhang, 1958Google Scholar

Uncatalogued large-sized Chinese-language material:

Ahee, undated

Wu Binghuan, 30 April (no year)

Hoppo to Ye Mingchen, 12 October 1852, Guangdong Provincial Archive, FO 931/1356, fo. 1

Uncatalogued large-sized Chinese-language material:

Ahee, undated

Wu Binghuan, 30 April (no year)

Hoppo to Ye Mingchen, 12 October 1852, Guangdong Provincial Archive, FO 931/1356, fo. 1

Ying, A (ed.), Yapian Zhanzheng Wenxueji, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1957Google Scholar

Aixinjueluo, Minning, Yangzheng Shuwu Quanji Dingben, 40 vols., Beijing: Nei Fu, 1822Google Scholar

Bao, Shichen, Anwu Sizong, 36 vols., Taipei: Wenhai, 1968Google Scholar

Chen, Jiamo, Bencao Mengquan, 12 vols., Shanghai: Zhongyiyao Daxue, 1994Google Scholar

Chen, Shouxiang, Jiumeng Chongjing: Fang Lin Bei Ning Cang Qingdai Mingxinpian Xuanji, Nanning: Guangxi Meishu, 1998Google Scholar

Chen, Xiqi, Bibin Zaji, Nanjing: Jinling Shuhuashe, 1983Google Scholar

Chen, Yongfa, ‘Hongtaiyang xia de Yingsuhua’, Xin Shixue, 1, 4 (1990), 41–117Google Scholar

Cheng, Enze, Cheng Silang Yiji, 10 vols., Taipei: Yiwen, 1965Google Scholar

Cui, Yueli, Bencao Mingkao, Beijing: Zhongyi Guji, 2000Google Scholar

Guowuyuan, Da Manzhoudiguo (ed.), Da Qing Lichao Shilu: Gaozong, 1, 500 vols., Renzong, 374 vols., Xuanzong, 476 vols., Taipei: Huanlian, 1964, 1964, 1964Google Scholar

Dianshizhai (ed.), Dianshizhai Huabao, 58 vols., Shanghai: Dianshizhai, 1884Google Scholar

Dang'anguan, Diyi Lishi (ed.), Yapian Zhanzheng Dang'an Shiliao, 7 vols., Tianjin: Guji, 1992Google Scholar

Fang, Yizhi, Wuli Xiaoshi, 1785, 12 vols., Taipei: Commercial Press, 1981Google Scholar

‘Fulu Xiaoxiaoshanren Yanguan Yuejuan Jishi’, Shen Bao, 19 April 1872, 163 and 178

Gao, Lian, Zunsheng Bajian, 19 vols., Taipei: Commercial Press, 1979Google Scholar

Gao, Shiqi, Beishu Baowenglu, Shanghai: Hanfenlou, 1860Google Scholar

Gong, Zizhen, Gong Zizhen Quanji, 2 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1959Google Scholar

Gu, Yuanjiao, Bencao Huijian, 10 vols., Shanghai: Zhongyiyao Daxue, 1994Google Scholar

Gugong, Bowuyuan (ed.), Daoguang Qijuzhu, 100 vols., Taipei: Palace Museum, 1985Google Scholar

Gongzhongdang Yongzhengchao Zouzhe, 27 vols., Taipei: Palace Museum, 1977

Hu, Shiyu, Dou Cun, 4 vols., Beijing: Xinhua Shudian, 1985Google Scholar

Huang, Shujing, Taihai Shicha Lu, 8 vols., Taipei: Wenhai, 1980Google Scholar

Huang, Yuanyu, Yuqiu Yaojie, 8 vols., Beijing: Zhongyiyao, 1999Google Scholar

‘Ji Fu Yangyan An’, Shen Bao, 21 June 1872

Jiang, Xiangnan, Qijinglou Wenchao, 6 vols., Zhengzhou: Zhongguo Guji, 1991Google Scholar

‘Jijiu Tunfu Shengshu Yangyan Qisihuisheng Dan’, Shen Bao, 14 and 15 June 1872

Jin, Fuceng and Zhang, Wenhu (eds.), Nanhui Xianzhi, 22 vols., Taipei: Chengwen, 1970Google Scholar

Lan, Dingyuan, Pingtai Jilue, Taipei: Taiwan Yinhang, 1958Google Scholar

Lei, Jin (ed.), Qingren Shuohui, Shanghai: Saoye Shanfang, 1928Google Scholar

Lei, Mengshui (ed.), Zhonghua Zhuzhici, 2 vols., Shanghai: Guji, 1997Google Scholar

Li, Boyuan, Nanting Biji, 16 vols., Shanghai: Guji, 1983Google Scholar

Li, Dongyang and Shen, Shixing (eds.), Da Ming Huidian, 228 vols., Beijing: Nei Fu, 1587Google Scholar

Li, Shizhen, Bencao Gangmu, 52 vols., Beijing: Renmin Weisheng, 1978Google Scholar

Li, Xiaoti, Qingmode Xiaceng Shehui Qimeng Yundong, Shijiaozhaung: Hebei Jiayu, 2001Google Scholar

Xin, Li, ‘Peiling Dabozhen de Yanpian Jingying’, Dongfang Zazhi, 32, 14 (1935), 105–7Google Scholar

Liang, Qichao, Yingbingshi Heji, 2nd edn, 24 vols., Shanghai: Zhonghua Shuji, 1936Google Scholar

Liang, Shaoren, Liangban Qiuyu'an Suibi, 8 vols., Taipeixian: Wenhai, 1975Google Scholar

Liang, Zhangju, Tui'an Suibi, 22 vols., Taipei: Wenhai, 1971Google Scholar

Lidai, Mingren, Biji Xiaoshuo Daguan, 4 vols., Taipei: Xinxing, 1962Google Scholar

Lin, Manhong, ‘Qingmo Shehui Liuxing Xishi Yapian Yanjiou’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Taiwan Normal University, 1985

Liu, Yuji and Chou, Zenghu (eds.), Taigu Xianzhi, 8 vols. Taipei: Chengwen, 1976Google Scholar

Lu, Lin (ed.), Yanfen Juan, Hefei: Huangshan Shushe, 1994Google Scholar

Mao, Xianglin, Moyu Lu, 16 vols., Shanghai: Guji, 1985Google Scholar

Mao, Zedong, Mao Zedong Xuanji, 4 vols., Beijing: Renmin, 1991Google Scholar

Pan, Lun, Daoting Tushuo, 12 vols., Hefei: Huangshan Shushe, 1996Google Scholar

Peng, Songyu, Yuzhou Jitan, 2 vols., Taipei: Dahua Yinshuguan, 1968Google Scholar

Peng, Yulin (ed.), Hengyang Xianzhi, 12 vols., Taipei: Chengwen, 1970Google Scholar

Qi, Sihe and Lin, Shuhui (eds.), Di'erci Yapian Zhanzheng, Shanghai: Renmin, 1978Google Scholar

Yapian Zhanzheng, 6 vols., Shanghai: Renmin, 1954

Qian, Yong, Luyuan Conghua, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1979Google Scholar

Qiu, Yulin, Qingdai Yiwen, 10 vols., Shanghai: Zhonghua Shuju, 1989Google Scholar

Qu, Tuiyuan (ed.), Beijing Lishi Fengtuo Congshu, Beijing: Guangye Shushe, 1925Google Scholar

‘Quan Funu Wu Qingsheng Lun’, Shen Bao, 18 August 1873, 3553

Shanghai, Guji (ed.), Shanghai Tan yu Shanghai Ren, Shanghai: Guji, 1989Google Scholar

Shanghai, Tongxunshe (ed.), Jiu Shanghai Shiliao Huibian, 2 vols., Beijing: Beijing Tushuguan, 1998Google Scholar

Shen, Defu, Wanli Yehuo Bian, 1827, 3 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1959Google Scholar

Shen, Feide, Jiang, Hao and Zhu, Wengaung (eds.), Jiu Shanghai de YanDuChang, Shanghai: Baijia, 1988Google Scholar

Shen, Fu, Fusheng Liuji, 4 vols., Hong Kong: Shanghai Yinshuguan, 1970Google Scholar

Shi, Hongbao, Min Zaji, Taipei: Minyue Shuju, 1968Google Scholar

Song, Xian (ed.), Huihui Yaofang Kaoshi, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 2000Google Scholar

Su, Ning, ‘Jiancha JiaQiang Shehui Zhi'an Zonghe Zhilide Jueding Zhixing Qingkuang’, Renmin Ribao, 30 August 1994, 3

‘Woguo Jindu Taidu Jianjue Chuoshi Deli’, Renmin Ribao, 26 June 1992, 1

‘Yinianlai Woguo Pohuo Duping'an Wanyuqi’, Renmin Ribao, 27 June 1992, 3

Su, Shi, Su Shi Shiji, 50 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1982Google Scholar

Su, Zhiliang, Zhongguo Dupingshi, Shanghai: Renmin, 1997Google Scholar

Sun, Zhongshan, Sun Zhongshan Quanji, 11 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1981Google Scholar

Tan, Xian (ed.), Ban'an Congshu, Taipei: Huawen Shuju, 1970Google Scholar

Tang, Bin, Sanxian Zhengshu, 5 vols., Taipei: Xuesheng Shuju, 1976Google Scholar

Wang, Ang, Yifang Jijie, 21 vols., Beijing: Zhongyiyao, 1997Google Scholar

Wang, Hongbin, Jindu Shijian, Changsha: Yuelu Shushe, 1997Google Scholar

Wang, Peixun (ed.), Tingyulou Suibi, Chongqing: Chubanshe, 1996Google Scholar

Wang, Shizhen, Gubugu Lu, Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1937Google Scholar

Xiangzu Biji, 12 vols., Shanghai: Guji, 1982

Wang, Tao, Wang Tao Riji, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1987Google Scholar

Wang, Tao and Yu, Chensheng, Yanshi Congchao, Taipei: Guangwen Shuju, 1976Google Scholar

Wang, Wenru (ed.), Shuo Ku, 4 vols., Shanghai: Wenmin Shuju, 1915Google Scholar

Wu, Xin and Yao, Wendan (eds.), Shanghaixian Xuzhi, 30 vols., Taipei: Chengwen, 1970Google Scholar

Xiao, Qian (ed.), Shehui Baixiang, Taipei: Commercial Press, 1992Google Scholar

Xiao, Yuanke (ed.), Qingshuo Qizhong, Shanghai: Wenyi, 1992Google Scholar

Xie, Juezai, Xie Juezai Riji, 2 vols., Beijing: Renmin, 1984Google Scholar

Xu, Boling, Yinjing Juan, 1776, 12 vols., Taipei: Commercial Press, 1971Google Scholar

Xu, Chunfu, Gujin Yitong Daquan, 100 vols., Taipei: Xinwenfeng, 1978Google Scholar

Xu, Ke, Qingpai Leichao, 92 vols., Taipei: Commercial Press, 1966Google Scholar

Xu, Zhiyan, Shiye Yewen, Taiyuan: Shanxi Guji, 1995Google Scholar

Xu, Zhongyuan, Sanyi Bitan, Chongqing: Chubanshe, 1996Google Scholar

Xue, Fucheng, Yong'an Suibi, Beijing: Zhongyang Dangxiao, 1998Google Scholar

Ye, Mengzhu, Yueshi Bian, 10 vols., Shanghai: Guji, 1981Google Scholar

Yin, Guangren and Zhang, Rulin, Aomen Zhilue, Taipei: Guangwen, 1968Google Scholar

Yu, Jiao, Meng'an Zazhu, 10 vols., Beijing: Wenhua Yishu, 1988Google Scholar

Yu, Yue, Youtaixianguan Biji, 16 vols., Shanghai: Guji, 1986Google Scholar

Yu, Zhengxie, Guisi Leigao, 1879, 15 vols., Taipei: Shijie Shuju, 1965Google Scholar

Yuan, Tingdong (ed.), Zhongguo Xiyan Shihua, Taipei: Commercial Press, 1998Google Scholar

Yuan, Yongxi (ed.), Zhongguo Renkou: Zonglun, Beijing: Caizheng Jingji, 1991Google Scholar

Zeng, Yuwang, Zeng Yuwang Riji, Shanghai: Renmin, 1982Google Scholar

Zhang, Dai, Tan'an Mengyi, 8 vols., Shanghai: Shanghai Shudian, 1982Google Scholar

Zhang, Jingyue, Jingyue Quanshu, 64 vols., Beijing: Zhongyiyao, 1999Google Scholar

Zhang, Jixin, Daoxian Huanhai Jiwenlu, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1981Google Scholar

Zhang, Lu, Benjing Fengyuan, 4 vols., Beijing: Zhongyiyao, 1999Google Scholar

Zhang, Tingyu (ed.), Ming Shi, 1740, 332 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1974Google Scholar

Zhang, Xie, Dong Xi Yang Kao, Taipei: Commercial Press, 1965Google Scholar

Zhang, Zuyi, Qingdai Yesji, 3 vols., Taiyuan: Shanxi Guji, 1996Google Scholar

Zhao, Xuemin, Bencao Gangmu Shiyi, 10 vols., Taipei: Hongye Shuju, 1985Google Scholar

Zhao, Yi, Yanpu Zaji, 7 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1982Google Scholar

Zheng, Chaoxiong, ‘Cong Guangxi Hepu Mingdai Yaozhinie Faxian Ciyandou Tanji Yancao Chuanru Woguo de Shijian Wenti’, Nongye Kaogu, 12, 2 (1986), 383–7 and 391Google Scholar

Zhongguo, Kexueyuan Jinshisuo (ed.), Jindaishi Zilao, vol. XXXIV, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1964Google Scholar

Zhonghua, Shuju (ed.), Quan Tang Shi, 900 vols., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1960Google Scholar

Zhongyang, Yanjiuyuan (ed.), Ming Shenzong Shilu, 596 vols., Taipei: Academic Sinica, 1966Google Scholar

Ming Xiaozong Shilu, 224 vols., Taipei: Academic Sinica, 1964

Zhou, Shouchang, Siyitang Rizha, Changsha: Yuelu Shushe, 1985Google Scholar

Zhou, Yi, QiZhen Yecheng, 16 vols., Taipei: Mingwen Shuju, 1991Google Scholar

Zhu, Fengchun and Gu, Lu (eds.), Yancao Lu, Suzhou: Yisu Caotang, 1820Google Scholar

Zhu, Jingying, Haidong Zhaji, Taipei: Taiwan Yinhang, 1958Google Scholar