Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T06:00:20.079Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Exam B: - Answers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 January 2017

Keith Davies
Affiliation:
Severn Deanery, Bristol
Christopher Gough
Affiliation:
Severn Deanery, Bristol
Emma King
Affiliation:
Severn Deanery, Bristol
Benjamin Plumb
Affiliation:
Severn Deanery, Bristol
Benjamin Walton
Affiliation:
North Bristol NHS Trust
Get access

Summary

A 77-year-old woman is admitted to hospital with malaise, muscle weakness, nausea, palpitations and paraesthesia. Her regular medications include amiloride, lisinopril, atenolol, digoxin and naproxen. She has recently started a course of trimethoprim for a urinary tract infection. Her blood pressure is 85/55 mmHg. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is performed.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Hollander-Rodriguez, JC, Calvert, JF. Hyperkalemia. Am Fam Physician. 2006;73(2):283290.Google ScholarPubMed
Montague, BT, Ouellette, JR, Buller, GK. Retrospective review of the frequency of ECG changes in hyperkalemia. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3:324330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slovis, C, Jenkins, R. ABC of clinical electrocardiography: conditions not primarily affecting the heart. Br Med J. 2002;324:13201323.Google Scholar

References

Banks, PA, Bollen, TL, Dervenis, C, et al. Classification of acute pancreatitis – 2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut. 2013;62(1):102111.Google Scholar
Nathens, AB, Curtis, JR, Beale, RJ, et al. Management of the critically ill patient with severe acute pancreatitis. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(12):25242536.Google Scholar
Shields, CJ, Winter, DC, Redmond, HP. Lung injury in acute pancreatitis: mechanisms, prevention, and therapy. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2002;8:158163.Google Scholar
Tenner, S, Baillie, J, DeWitt, J, Vege, SS. American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(9):14001416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Reference

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. CG144: Venous thromboembolic diseases: the management of venous thromboembolic diseases and the role of thrombophilia testing. London: NICE, 2012. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg144 (accessed April 2015).Google Scholar

References

Levi, M. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(9):21912195.Google Scholar
Wada, H, Thachil, J, Di Nisio, M, et al. Guidance for diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation from harmonization of the recommendations from three guidelines. J Thromb Haemost. 2013;11:761767.Google Scholar

References

Curley, GF. Rapid sequence induction with rocuronium – a challenge to the gold standard. Crit Care. 2011;15(5):190.Google Scholar
Flower, O, Hellings, S. Sedation in traumatic brain injury. Emerg Med Int. 2012;2012 637171. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3461283 (accessed December 2014).Google Scholar

Reference

Phypers, B, Pierce, JMT. Lactate physiology in health and disease. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2006;6(3):128132.Google Scholar

References

Peck, TE, Hill, SA, Williams, M. Pharmacology for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 3rd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salgado, DR, Silva, E, Vincent, J-L. Control of hypertension in the critically ill: a pathophysiological approach. Ann Int Care. 2013;3(1):17 .Google Scholar

Reference

Deakin, C, Nolan, J, Perkins, G, Lockey, A. Adult advanced life support. In Resuscitation Guidelines 2010. Resuscitation Council UK. https://www.resus.org.uk/resuscitation-guidelines/ (accessed April 2015).Google Scholar

Reference

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). CG68: Stroke: diagnosis and initial management of acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA). London: NICE, 2008 (reviewed 2014). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg68 (accessed April 2015).Google Scholar

References

Celli, BR, Cote, CG, Marin, JM, et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(10):10051012.Google Scholar
National Institute of Clinical Excellence (2010). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [CG101]. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Google Scholar

Reference

Scully, M,, BJ Hunt BJ, S Benjamin, S, et al., on behalf of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and other thrombotic microangiopathies. Brit J Haematol. 2012;158(3):323355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Reference

Reference

Silvestri, L, van Saene, HKF. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract: an update of the evidence. HSR Proc Intensive Care Cardiovasc Anesth. 2012; 4(1): 2129.Google Scholar

References

Conze, J, Klinge, U, Schumpelick, V. Hernias. In Holzheimer, RG, Mannick, JA. Surgical Treatment: Evidence-Based and Problem-Oriented. Munich: Zuckschwerdt, 2001.Google Scholar
Di Saverio, S, Coccolini, F, Galati, M, et al. Bologna guidelines for diagnosis and management of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO): 2013 update of the evidence-based guidelines from the world society of emergency surgery ASBO working group. World J Emerg Surg. Oct 10 2013;8(1):42.Google Scholar
Sartellie, M et al. WSES guidelines for emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias. World J Emerg Surg. 2013;8:50.Google Scholar

References

Bhimraj, A. Acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults: an evidence-based review. Cleveland Clin J Med. 2012;79(6):393400.Google Scholar
Kennedy, AM. Meningitis and encephalomyelitis. In Bersten, AD, Soni, N. Oh's Intensive Care Manual. 6th edn. Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2009, pp 583592.Google Scholar
Meningitis Research Foundation. Meningitis and septicaemia: UK facts and figures. http://www.meningitis.org/facts (accessed July 2014).Google Scholar
Okike, IO, Ribeiro, S, Ramsay, ME, Heath, PT, Sharland, M, Ladhani, SN. Trends in bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal meningitis in England and Wales 2004–11: and observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(4):301307.Google Scholar

Reference

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). IPG482: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute heart failure in adults. London: NICE, 2014. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ipg482 (accessed April 2015).Google Scholar

Reference

Hooper, C, Lee, YCG, Maskell, N. Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. Thorax. 2010;65(Suppl 2 2009):ii4i17.Google Scholar

References

ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities. Circulation. 2008;117:e350e408.Google Scholar
Hunter, J, Sharma, P, Rathi, S. Long QT syndrome. Contin Educ Anaesthes Crit Care Pain. 2008;8(2): 6770.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reference

Gough, C, Kannan, T. Transient coronary ischaemia resulting from paradoxical CO2 embolus. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2014:43;134136.Google Scholar

Reference

Cross, M, Plunkett, E. Physics, Pharmacology and Physics for Anaesthetists: Key concepts for the FRCA. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

References

Brophy, G, Bell, R, Classen, J, et al. Neurocritical Care Society. Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Status Epilepticus. April 2012. http://www.neurocriticalcare.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/SE%20Guidelines%20NCS%200412.pdf (accessed April 2015).Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Appendix F: Protocols for treating convulsive status epilepticus in adults and children; adults. CG137. London: NICE, 2012.Google Scholar

References

Donovan, K, Colreavy, F. Echocardiography in intensive care. In Bersten, AD, Soni, N. Oh's Intensive Care Manual. 6th edition. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier, 2009, Chapter 23.Google Scholar
Evangelista, A, Gonzalez-Alujas, M. Echocardiography in infective endocarditis. Heart. 2004; 90(6):614617.Google Scholar

Reference

Nolan, J, Soar, J, Lockey, A, et al., for the Resuscitation Council (UK). Chapter 11: Peri-arrest arrhythmias. In: Advanced Life Support. 6th edition. 2011, pp 110–111. https://www.resus.org.uk/resuscitation-guidelines/ (accessed February 2016).Google Scholar

Reference

Davis, P, Kenny, G. Basic Physics and Measurement in Anaesthesia. 5th edition. London: Elsevier, 2003.Google Scholar

References

Munn, J. TURP syndrome. In Allman, K, Wilson, I. Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, A, Foo, I. Anaesthesia for transurethral resection of the prostate. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2009;9(3):9296.Google Scholar

Reference

British guideline on the management of asthma – a national clinical guideline. British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN 141, October 2014). Thorax. 2014;69:i1.Google Scholar

Reference

Gibson, F, Bodenham, A. Misplaced central venous catheters: applied anatomy and practical management. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110(3):333346. doi:10.1093/bja/aes497. http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/02/04/bja.aes497.full (accessed March 2015).Google Scholar

References

Anaya, D, Dellinger, E. Necrotizing soft-tissue infection: diagnosis and management. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:705710.Google Scholar
Public Health England health protection guidance – necrotising fasciitis. April 2013. https://www.gov.uk/necrotising-fasciitis-nf (accessed February 2015).Google Scholar
Sultan, H, Boyle, A, Sheppard, N. Necrotising fasciitis. Br Med J. 2012;e4274:16. http://www.bmj.com/content/330/7495/830.short (accessed February 2015).Google Scholar

References

Resuscitation Council (UK). Advanced Life Support. 6th edition. 2011. https://www.resus.org.uk/resuscitation-guidelines (accessed January 2016).Google Scholar
Simons, FER, Ardusso, LRF, Bilò, MB, et al. 2012 update: World Allergy Organization Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of Anaphylaxis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;12:389399.Google Scholar

References

Academy of Medical Royal Colleges. A Code of Practice for the Diagnosis and Confirmation of Death. 2008. http://www.bts.org.uk/Documents/A%20CODE%20OF%20PRACTICE%20FOR%20THE%20DIAGNOSIS%20AND%20CONFIRMATION%20OF%20DEATH.pdf (accessed February 2015).Google Scholar
The Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine Standards. Form for the Diagnosis of Death using Neurological Criteria. http://www.ficm.ac.uk/system/files/FICM-Diagnosis-of-Death-Full-Version2014.pdf (accessed August 2015).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×