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L'océan Indien dans l'Antiquité: science, commerce et géopolitique

from HISTORICAL CASE STUDIES: The Indian Ocean and the Far East

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2017

Didier Marcotte
Affiliation:
University of Reims and Institut universitaire de France
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Summary

RÉSUMÉ.Cette contribution représente une analyse très approfondie de textes antiques grecs et latins sur la culture, l'économie et la géopolitique de l'océan Indien du VIe siècle av. J.-C. au VIe siècle ap. J.-C. Elle témoigne de la connaissance considérable des écrivains classiques sur les peuples de la Corne de l'Afrique, de la péninsule arabique, de l'Inde et du Sri Lanka. Ce savoir s'explique principalement par le commerce florissant existant entre les peuples de Méditerranée et ceux de l'océan Indien, comme l'attestent largement les fouilles archéologiques dans ces régions.

ABSTRACT.This contribution is a wide-ranging examination of ancient Greek and Latin texts about the culture, economy and geopolitics of the Indian Ocean from the 6th century BC to the 6th century AD. It shows that Classical writers had considerable knowledge of the peoples of the Horn of Africa, the Arabian peninsula, India and Sri Lanka, much of it derived ultimately from the flourishing trade between the Mediterranean peoples and those of the Indian Ocean, which is being richly documented by archaeological excavations in both regions.

On peut étudier l'océan Indien comme un système. C'est le regard qu'adopte notamment l'histoiren Philippe Beaujard, qui considère, sur la très longue durée, le phénomène de la constitution de systèmes-mondes dont l'océan a été le carrefour. Le processus a trouvé un culmen à la fin du moyen âge, avant même l'arrivée des Portugais, mais la globalisation dont on peut observer les effets au temps des Grandes Découvertes à l'échelle de l'océan Indien n'a finalement été que le résultat d'un long processus, engagé depuis l'Antiquité. C'est sur les premières étapes de ce processus qu'on voudrait insister ici, pour en éclairer le contexte géopolitique.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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