This chapter discusses many of the key themes presented in this volume. Some of the principal issues include: (1) concerns about the diagnostic complexities of rendering a diagnosis of psychoses in later life and which outcome criteria should be used, (2) diagnostic challenges of new-onset psychotic disorders with respect to dementia, (3) the evolution and classification of cognitive disorders arising in older adults with schizophrenia (OAS), (4) factors influencing the diverse trajectories in the course and outcome of schizophrenia in later life, (5) the extent to which OAS show accelerated aging, (6) the lack of controlled studies in the use of antipsychotic agents in OAS and the potential for some persons to discontinue medication in later life, (7) the need for more controlled studies on non-pharmacological interventions in OAS, (8) the desirability for more qualitative studies of how OAS perceive their illness over their lifespan and how they view their current circumstances, (9) the recognition of the complementary roles for subjective and objective appraisals of daily needs and life quality, (10) the needs of caregivers of OAS, (11) the extent to which geographic differences influenced by national health systems and culture affect outcome and treatment strategies of OAS, (11) the elements comprising an individualized care model for OAS.