Abbott, Kenneth W., and Snidal, Duncan. 1998. “Why states act through formal international organizations.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 42: 3–32.Google Scholar

Abdelal, Rawi. 2007. Capital Rules: The Construction of Global Finance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Adibe, Clement Eme. 1994. “Weak states and the emerging taxonomy of security in world politics.” Futures 26: 490–505.Google Scholar

Adler, Robert. 2001. “The crystal ball of chaos.” Nature 414 (6863): 480–481.Google Scholar

Adler-Nissen, Rebecca. 2014. “Stigma management in international relations: Transgressive identities, norms and order in international society.” International Organization 68: 143–176.Google Scholar

Allen, J., and Cochrane, A.. 2007. “Beyond the territorial fix: Regional assemblages, politics and power.” Regional Studies 41: 1161–1175.Google Scholar

Altman, David, and Perez-Linan, Anibal. 2002. “Assessing the quality of democracy: Freedom, competitiveness and participation in eighteen Latin American countries.” Democratization 9: 85–100.Google Scholar

Altman, Edward, et al. 2012. “Regulation of ratings agencies.” In Regulating Wall Street: The Dodd-Frank Act and the New Architecture of Global Finance, ed. Acharya, Viral et al. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar

Alvarez, Mike, Cheibub, Jose Antonio, Limongi, Fernando, and Przeworski, Adam. 1996. “Classifying political regimes.” Studies in Comparative International Development 31 (2): 3–36.Google Scholar

Amin, A., and Thrift, N. J.. 1995. “Territoriality in the global political economy.” In Diffusing Geography: Essays for Peter Haggett, ed. Haggett, P. and Cliff, A. D.. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Andersson, Staffan, and Heywood, Paul M.. 2009. “The politics of perception: Use and abuse of Transparency International’s approach to measuring corruption.” Political Studies 57: 746–767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Andreas, Peter, and Greenhill, Kelly. 2010. “Introduction: The Politics of Numbers.” In Andreas, Peter and Greenhill, Kelly, eds. Sex, Drugs and Body Counts: The Politics of Numbers in Global Crime and Conflict. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Antaleva, N. 2003. “Georgia: Shevardnadze’s Dilemma.” Transitions Online, September 30.Google Scholar

Apaza, Carmen. 2009. “Measuring governance and corruption through the Worldwide Governance indicators: Critiques, responses, and ongoing scholarly discussion.” PS: Political Science & Politics 43: 139–143.Google Scholar

Armstrong, David A. 2011. “Stability and change in the Freedom House political rights and civil liberties measures.” Journal of Peace Research 48: 653–662.Google Scholar

Arndt, Christiane. 2008. “The politics of governance ratings.” International Public Management Journal 11: 275–297.Google Scholar

Arndt, Christiane, and Oman, Charles. 2006. Uses and Abuses of Governance Indicators. Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).Google Scholar

Aron, Raymond. 1944 [2002]. “The secular religions.” In The Dawn of Universal History: Selected Essays from a Witness to the Twentieth Century, trans. Bray, Barbara. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Arruñada, Benito. 2007. “Pitfalls to avoid when measuring institutions: Is doing business damaging business?” Journal of Comparative Economics 35: 729–747.Google Scholar

Atkinson, Michael M. 2011. “Discrepancies in perceptions of corruption, or why is Canada so corrupt?” Political Science Quarterly 126: 445–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Avant, Debora, Finnemore, Martha, and Sell, Susan, eds. 2010. Who Governs the Globe? New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Baker, Pauline. 2006. The Conflict Assessment System Tool (CAST). An Analytical Model for Early Warning and Risk Assessment of Weak and Failing States. Washington, DC: Fund for Peace.Google Scholar

Baker, Pauline. 2007. “Fixing failed states: The new security agenda.” The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations 8: 85–96.Google Scholar

Baraka, Amiri. 1962. “Tokenism: 300 years for five cents.” Kulchur 5, Spring.Google Scholar

Barnett, Michael, and Duvall, Raymond, eds. 2005. Power in Global Governance. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Barnett, Michael, and Finnemore, Martha. 2004. Rules for the World: International Organizations in Global Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Bauhr, M., and Nasiritousi, N.. 2012. “How do international organizations promote quality of government? Contestation, integration, and the limits of IO power.” International Studies Review 14: 541–566.Google Scholar

Becker, Gary S., and Stigler, George J.. 1974. “Law enforcement, malfeasance, and compensation of enforcers.” Journal of Legal Studies 3 (1): 1–18.Google Scholar

Becker, Lee B., Vlad, Tudor, and Nusser, Nancy. 2007. “An evaluation of press freedom indicators.” International Communication Gazette 69: 5–28.Google Scholar

Beetham, David, ed. 1994. Defining and Measuring Democracy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Press.Google Scholar

Beliakov, Gleb, Pradera, Ana, and Calvo, Tomasa. 2007. Aggregation Functions: A Guide for Practitioners. New York: Spring; Berlin: Heidelberg.Google Scholar

Benassy-Quere, A., Coupet, M., and Mayer, T.. 2007. “Institutional determinants of foreign direct investment.” World Economy 30: 764–782.Google Scholar

Bennett, D. Scott. 2006. “Toward a continuous specification of the democracy-autocracy connection.” International Studies Quarterly 50: 313–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berg-Schlosser, Dirk. 2004. “Indicators of democracy and good governance as measures of the quality of democracy in Africa: A critical appraisal.” Acta Politica 39: 248–78.Google Scholar

Blyth, Mark. 2002. Great Transformations: Economic Ideas and Political Change in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Bob, Clifford. 2002. “Merchants of morality.” Foreign Policy 129: 36–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bob, Clifford. 2005. The Marketing of Rebellion: Insurgents, Media and International Activism. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bogaards, Mattjis. 2007. “Measuring democracy through election outcomes: A critique with African data.” Comparative Political Studies 40: 1211–1237.Google Scholar

Bollen, Kenneth A., and Paxton, Pamela. 2000. “Subjective measures of liberal democracy.” Comparative Political Studies 33: 58–86.Google Scholar

Borrás, Susana, and Jacobsson, Kerstin. 2004. “The open method of co-ordination and new governance patterns in the EU.” Journal of European Public Policy 11: 185–208.Google Scholar

Boschma, R. A. 2004. “Competitiveness of regions from an evolutionary perspective.” Regional Studies 38: 1001–1014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bowker, Geoffrey C., and Star, Susan Leigh. 1999. Sorting Things Out: Classification and its Consequences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Bowman, Kirk, Lehoucq, Fabrice, and Mahoney, James. 2005. “Measuring political democracy: Case expertise, data adequacy, and Central America.” Comparative Political Studies 38: 939–70.Google Scholar

Bristow, G. 2005. “Everyone’s a ‘winner’: problematising the discourse of regional competitiveness.” Journal of Economic Geography 5: 285–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bruckner, T. 2009. “Decision-making and Georgia’s perpetual revolution: The case of IDP housing.” Caucasian Review of International Affairs 3: 172–180.Google Scholar

Bruner, Christopher M., and Abdelal, Rawi. 2005. “To judge Leviathan: Sovereign credit ratings, national law, and the world economy.” Journal of Public Policy 25: 191–217.Google Scholar

Brunnermeier, Markus. 2009. “Deciphering the liquidity and credit crunch 2007–2008.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 23: 77–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Buduru, Bogdan, and Pal, Leslie A.. 2010. “The globalized state: Measuring and monitoring governance.” European Journal of Cultural Studies 13: 511–530.Google Scholar

Bukovansky, Mlada. 2006. “The Hollowness of Anti-Corruption Discourse.” Review of International Political Economy 13: 181–209.Google Scholar

Burawoy, M. 2001. “Grounding globalization.” In Global Ethnography: Forces, Connections, and Imaginations in a Postmodern World, ed. Burawoy, M.. London: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Büthe, Tim. 2010a. “Private regulation in the global economy: A (p)review.” Business and Politics 12, 3 (October), Article 2.Google Scholar

Büthe, Tim. 2010b. “The power of norms; the norms of power: Who governs international electrical and electronic technology?” In Who Governs the Globe? ed. Avant, Debora, Finnemore, Martha, and Sell, Susan. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Büthe, Tim. 2012. “Beyond supply and demand: A political-economic conceptual model.” In Governance by Indicators: Global Power through Classification and Rankings, ed. Davis, Kevin, Fisher, Angelina, Kingsbury, Benedict, and Merry, Sally Engle. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Büthe, Tim, and Mattli, Walter. 2011. The New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Cabinet Office. 2008. National Security Strategy of the United Kingdom. London: Cabinet Office.Google Scholar

Call, Charles T. 2008. “The fallacy of the ‘failed state’.” Third World Quarterly 29: 1495–1507.Google Scholar

Call, Charles T. 2011. “Beyond the ‘failed state’: Toward conceptual alternatives.” European Journal of International Relations 17: 303–326.Google Scholar

Campbell, D. T. 1975. “Assessing the impact of planned social change.” In Social Research and Public Policies: The Dartmouth/OECD Conference, ed. Lyons, G.. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College, The Public Affairs Center.Google Scholar

Cantor, Richard, and Packer, F. Frank. 1996. “Determinants and impact of sovereign credit ratings.” Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York 2: 37–53.Google Scholar

Capoccia, Giovanni. 2005. Defending Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Car, Dev, and Cartwright-Smith, Devon. 2010. “Illicit financial flows from Africa.” Global Financial Integrity (March), www.gfintegrity.org/storage/gfip/documents/reports/gfi_africareport_web.pdf.Google Scholar

Carroll, L. 1982. The Complete Illustrated Works of Lewis Carroll. New York: Avenel Books.Google Scholar

Carruthers, Bruce. 2011. “Turning uncertainty into risk: The case of credit rating agencies.” Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar

Casper, Gretchen, and Tufis, Claudiu. 2003. “Correlation versus interchangeability: The limited robustness of empirical findings on democracy using highly correlated data sets.” Political Analysis 11: 196–203.Google Scholar

Cerny, P. G. 1997. “Paradoxes of the competition state: The dynamics of political globalization.” Government And Opposition 32: 251–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chang, H.-J. 2002. Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective. London: Anthem Press.Google Scholar

Cheibub, Jose Antonio, Ghandi, Jennifer, and Vreeland, James Raymond. 2010. “Democracy and dictatorship revisited.” Public Choice 143: 67–101.Google Scholar

Christensen, John. 2007. “Mirror, mirror on the wall, who’s the most corrupt of all?” Paper presented to World Social Forum, Nairobi, Kenya (January). Available from the Tax Justice Network at: www.taxjustice.net/cms/upload/pdf/0701_Mirror_Mirror_corruption.pdf.Google Scholar

Chwieroth, J. 2007. “Neoliberal economists and capital account liberalization in emerging markets.” International Organization 61: 443–463.Google Scholar

Cingranelli, David L., and Richards, David L.. 2010. “The Cingranelli and Richards (CIRI) human rights data project.” Human Rights Quarterly 32: 401–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collier, David, and Adcock, Robert. 1999. “Democracy and dichotomies: A pragmatic approach to choices about concepts.” Annual Review of Political Science 2: 537–565.Google Scholar

Collier, David, and Levitsky, Steven. 1997. “Democracy with adjectives: Conceptual innovation in comparative research.” World Politics 49: 430–451.Google Scholar

Cooley, Alexander, and Ron, James. 2002. “The NGO scramble: Organizational survival and transnational action.” International Security 27: 5–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coppedge, Michael, Alvarez, Angel, and Maldonado, Claudia. 2008. “Two persistent dimensions of democracy: Contestation and inclusiveness.” Journal of Politics 70: 632–647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coppedge, Michael, and Gerring, John. 2011. “Conceptualizing and measuring democracy: A new approach.” Perspectives on Politics 9: 247–267.Google Scholar

Council of the European Union. 2007. “Council conclusions on an EU response to situations of fragility.” 2831st External Relations Council Meeting, 19–20 November, Brussels.Google Scholar

Cutler, Tony, and Waine, Barbara. 1998. Managing the Welfare State: The Politics of Public Sector Management. New York: Berg Publishers.Google Scholar

Daly, Siobhan. 2003. “The ladder of abstraction: A framework for the systematic classification of democratic regime types.” Politics 23: 96–108.Google Scholar

Davis, Kevin E. 2004. “What can the rule of law variable tell us about rule of law reforms?” Michigan Journal of International Law 26: 141–146.Google Scholar

Davis, Kevin E., Fisher, Angelina, Kingsbury, Benedict, and Merry, Sally Engle, eds. 2012. Governance by Indicators: Global Power through Classification and Rankings. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Davis, Kevin E., Kingsbury, Benedict, and Merry, Sally Engle. 2012a. “Governance by indicators.” In Governance by Indicators: Global Power through Classification and Rankings, ed. Davis, Kevin, Fisher, Angelina, Kingsbury, Benedict, and Merry, Sally Engle. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Davis, Kevin E., Kingsbury, Benedict, and Merry, Sally Engle. 2012b. “Indicators as a technology of global governance.” Law & Society Review 46: 74–101.Google Scholar

Davis, Kevin E., and Kruse, Michael B.. 2007. “Taking the measure of the law: The case of the Doing Business project.” Law and Social Inquiry 32: 1095–1119.Google Scholar

Delanda, M. 2002. Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy. London: Continuum.Google Scholar

Djankov, S., Hart, O., McLiesh, C., and Shleifer, A. 2008. “Debt enforcement around the world.” Journal of Political Economy 116: 1105–1149.Google Scholar

Donnelly, Jack. 2006. Realism and International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Duffield, Mark. 2001. Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security. London: Zed.Google Scholar

Duffield, Mark. 2008. Development, Security and Unending War: Governing the World of Peoples. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar

Dunn, E. C. 2004. Privatizing Poland: Baby Food, Big Business, and the Remaking of the Polish Working Class. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Ebrahim, Alnoor. 2003. “Accountability in practice: Mechanisms for NGOs.” World Development 31: 813–829.Google Scholar

Eichengreen, Barry. 2008. Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Elkins, Zachary. 2000. “Gradations of democracy? Empirical tests of alternative conceptualizations.” American Journal of Political Science 44: 287–294.Google Scholar

Epstein, David L., Bates, Robert, Goldstone, Jack, Kristensen, Ida, and O’Halloran, Sharyn. 2006. “Democratic transitions.” American Journal of Political Science 50: 551–569.Google Scholar

Ericson, R. E. 2009. “Eurasian natural gas pipelines: The political economy of network interdependence.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 50: 28–57.Google Scholar

Ertman, Thomas. 1997. The Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Espeland, Wendy Nelson, and Sauder, Michael. 2007. “Rankings and reactivity: How public measures recreate social worlds.” American Journal of Sociology 113: 1–40.Google Scholar

Espeland, Wendy Nelson, and Stevens, Mitchell L.. 2008. “A Sociology of quantification.” European Journal of Sociology 49: 401–436.Google Scholar

Euben, J. Peter. 1989. “Corruption.” In Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, ed. Ball, Terence, Farr, James, and Hanson, Russell L.. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

European Council on Foreign Relations. 2012. European Foreign Policy Scorecard 2012. London: ECFR. Available at: http://ecfr.eu/scorecard/2012.Google Scholar

Fearon, James. 2010. “Do governance indicators predict anything? The case of ‘fragile states’ and civil war.’’ Draft paper for the Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics.Google Scholar

Ferri, Giovanni, Liu, Li-Gang, and Stiglitz, Joseph E.. 1999. “The procyclical role of rating agencies: Evidence from the East Asian crisis.” Economic Notes 28: 335–355.Google Scholar

Finer, Samuel. 1975. “State and nation-building in Europe: The role of the military.” In The Formation of National States in Europe, ed. Tilly, Charles. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Fisher, Angelina. 2012. “From diagnosing under-immunization to evaluating health care systems: Immunization coverage indicators as a technology of global governance.” In Governance by Indicators: Global Power through Classification and Rankings, ed. Davis, Kevin, Fisher, Angelina, Kingsbury, Benedict, and Merry, Sally Engle. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Fougner, Tore. 2006. “The state, international competitiveness and neoliberal globalization: Is there a future beyond ‘the competition state’?” Review of International Studies 32: 165–185.Google Scholar

Freedom House. 2008. Freedom House 2007 Annual Report: Financial Statements, Donors, Board of Trustees. Available at: www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/special_report/72.pdf.Google Scholar

Freedom House. 2010. Freedom in the World 2010: Checklist Questions and Guidelines. Available at: www.freedomhouse.org.Google Scholar

Friman, H. Richard. 2010. “Numbers and certification: Assessing foreign compliance in combating narcotics and human trafficking.” In Sex, Drugs, and Body Counts: The Politics of Numbers in Global Crime and Conflict, ed. Andreas, Peter and Greenhill, Kelly M.. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Georgian-European Policy and Legal Advice Centre (GEPLAC). 2008. Georgian Economic Trends: Quarterly Review. Tbilisi, Georgia: GEPLAC.Google Scholar

Gerschenkron, Alexander. 1962. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective: A Book of Essays. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Giannone, Diego. 2010. “Political and ideological aspects in the measurement of democracy: the Freedom House case.” Democratization 17: 68–97.Google Scholar

Gleditsch, Kristian S., and Ward, Michael D.. 1997. “Double take: A reexamination of democracy and autocracy in modern polities.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 41: 361–383.Google Scholar

Globerman, S., and Shapiro, D.. 2002. “Global foreign direct investment flows: The role of governance infrastructure.” World Development 30: 1899–1919.Google Scholar

Goertz, Gary. 2006. Social Science Concepts: A User’s Guide. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Goldstone, Jack, Haughton, Jonathan, Soltan, Karol, and Zinnes, Clifford. 2004. Strategy Framework for the Assessment and Treatment of Fragile States: Executive Summary (revised). Washington, DC: University of Maryland.Google Scholar

Gorton, Gary. 2010. Slapped by the Invisible Hand: The Panic of 2007. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Gourevitch, Peter A., Lake, David A., and Stein, Janice Gross, eds. 2012. The Credibility of NGOs: When Virtue is Not Enough. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Grabel, Ilene. 2000. “The roots of the Asian financial crisis: A story of export-led growth and liberalized capital flows.” In Political Economy and Contemporary Capitalism: Radical Perspectives on Economic Theory and Policy, ed. Baiman, Ron, Boushey, Heather, and Saunders, Dawn. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.Google Scholar

Grabher, G. 2009. “Yet another turn? The evolutionary project in economic geography.” Economic Geography 85: 119–128.Google Scholar

Grant, Ruth, and Keohane, Robert. 2005. “Accountability and abuses of power in world politics.” American Political Science Review 99: 29–43.Google Scholar

Guillaumont, Patrick, and Jeanneney, Sylviane Guillaumont. 2009. State Fragility and Economic Vulnerability: What is Measured and Why? Clermont-Ferrand: CERDI-CNRS/University d’Auvergne.Google Scholar

Hadenius, Axel, and Teorell, Jan. 2005. “Assessing alternative indices of democracy.” Committee on Concepts and Methods Working Paper Series, #6.Google Scholar

Hafner-Burton, Emilie. 2008. “Sticks and stones: Naming and shaming and the human rights enforcement problem.” International Organization 62: 689–716.Google Scholar

Haims, Marla, Gompert, David, Treverton, Gregory, and Stearns, Brooke. 2008. Breaking the Failed State Cycle. RAND Occasional Paper. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.Google Scholar

Hall, Rodney Bruce. 2003. “The discursive demolition of the Asian development model.” International Studies Quarterly 47: 71–99.Google Scholar

Hall, Rodney Bruce, and Biersteker, Thomas J.. 2002. The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hazelkorn, E. 2008. “Learning to live with league tables and ranking: The experience of institutional leaders.” Higher Education Policy 21: 193–215.Google Scholar

Heidenheimer, Arnold J., and Johnston, Michael. 2001. Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts, 3rd edn. Somerset, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar

Heidenheimer, Arnold J., Johnston, Michael, and LeVine, Victor T., eds. 1989. Political Corruption: A Handbook. Somerset, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar

Heimann, Fritz, and Dell, Gillian. 2012. Exporting Corruption? Country Enforcement of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, Progress Report 2012. Transparency International.Google Scholar

Helleiner, Eric. 1994. States and the Reemergence of Global Finance. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Hermes, N., and Lensink, R., eds. 2001. Changing the Conditions for Development Aid: A New Paradigm? London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Hessel, H., and Hall, B. J.. 2007. Investigating Country Risk and its Relationship to Sovereign Ratings in Emerging Europe. New York: Standard and Poor’s.Google Scholar

Hood, Christopher, Dixon, Ruth, and Beeston, Craig. 2008. “Rating the Rankings: Assessing international rankings of public service performance.” International Public Management Journal 11: 298–328.Google Scholar

Hout, W. 2004. “Political regimes and development assistance – The political economy of aid selectivity.” Critical Asian Studies 36: 591–613.Google Scholar

Humphreys, Macartan, and Weinstein, Jeremy. 2007. “Policing politicians: citizen empowerment and political accountability in Africa.” Paper presented to the 2007 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association.Google Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P. 1989. “Modernization and corruption.” In Political Corruption: A Handbook, ed. Heidenheimer, Arnold J., Johnston, Michael, and LeVine, Victor. Somerset, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar

Ikpe, Eka. 2007. “Challenging the discourse of fragile states.” Conflict, Security and Development 7: 85–124.Google Scholar

Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank. 2011. World Bank Country-Level Engagement on Governance and Anticorruption: An Evaluation of the 2007 Strategy and Implementation Plan. Washington, DC: The World Bank.Google Scholar

Inkeles, Alex. 1991. On Measuring Democracy: Its Consequences and Concomitants. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar

International Budget Partnership. 2010. Open Budget Survey 2010: Open Budgets, Transform Lives. Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Johnston, Alistair Iain. 2001. “Treating international institutions as social environments.” International Studies Quarterly 45: 487–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Johnston, Michael. 2005. Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power, and Democracy. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Jurgen, Morten. 2013. Poor Numbers: How We are Misled by African Development Statistics and What We Can Do about It. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Kaminsky, Graciela Laura, and Schmukler, Sergio L.. 2002. “Short-run pain, long-run gain: The effects of financial liberalization.” Policy Research Working Paper Series 2912. The World Bank.Google Scholar

Karatnycky, Adrian. 1999. “The decline of illiberal democracy.” Journal of Democracy 10 (1): 112–125.Google Scholar

Keck, Margaret, and Sikkink, Katherin. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Kekic, Laza. 2007. The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Index of Democracy. Available at: www.economist.com/node/12499352.Google Scholar

Kelley, Judith. 2012. Monitoring Democracy: When International Election Observation Works and Why it Often Fails. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Kelley, Judith, and Simmons, Beth. 2015. “Politics by number: indicators as social pressure in international relations.” American Journal of Political Science 59 (1): 1146–1161.Google Scholar

Kellstedt, Paul M., and Whitten, Guy D.. 2009. The Fundamentals of Political Science Research. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Keohane, Robert. 1984. After Hegemony. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Keynes, John Maynard. 1936. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. New York: Harcourt Brace.Google Scholar

King, Gary, and Zeng, Langche. 2001. “Improving forecasts of state failure.” World Politics 53: 623–658.Google Scholar

Kipnis, A. B. 2008. “Audit cultures: Neoliberal governmentality, socialist legacy, or technologies of governing?” American Ethnologist 35: 275–289.Google Scholar

Kirshner, Jonathan. 2000. “The study of money.” World Politics 52: 407–36.Google Scholar

Klinz, Wolf. 2011. “On credit rating agencies: Future perspectives.” Brussels: European Parliament Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs.Google Scholar

Knack, Stephen. 2007. “Measuring corruption: A critique of indicators in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.” Journal of Public Policy 27: 255–291.Google Scholar

Knight, Frank H. 1921 [1971]. Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Koremenos, Barbara, Lipson, Charles, and Snidal, Duncan. 2001. “The rational design of international institutions.” International Organization 55: 761–799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krasner, Stephen, ed. 1982. International Regimes. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Krasner, Stephen 1991. “Global communications and national power.” World Politics 43: 336–366.Google Scholar

Krasner, Stephen D., and Pascual, Carlos. 2005. “Addressing state failure.” Foreign Affairs 81: 153–163.Google Scholar

Kurer, Oscar. 2005. “Corruption: An alternative approach to its definition and measurement.” Political Studies 53 (1): 222–239.Google Scholar

Lai, K. P. Y. 2006. “‘Imagineering’ Asian emerging markets: Financial knowledge networks in the fund management industry.” Geoforum 37: 627–642.Google Scholar

Lake, David A. 2009. Hierarchy in International Relations. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Lall, S. 2001. Competitiveness indices and developing countries: An economic evaluation of the global competitiveness report. World Development 29: 1501–1525.Google Scholar

Lampland, Martha. 2010. “False numbers as formalizing practices.” Social Studies of Science 40: 377–404.Google Scholar

Lane, J. E. 2000. New Public Management. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Larner, W. 2003. “Neoliberalism?” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 21: 509–12.Google Scholar

Larraín, Guillermo, Reisen, Helmut, and von Maltzan, Julia. 1997. “Emerging market risk and sovereign credit ratings.” OECD Development Centre Working Papers 124, OECD Publishing.Google Scholar

Latour, Bruno. 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network Theory. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Lavelle, K. C. 2000. “The International Finance Corporation and the emerging market funds industry.” Third World Quarterly 21: 193–213.Google Scholar

Lawson, Stephanie. 1993. “Conceptual issues in the comparative study of regime change and democratization.” Comparative Politics 25: 183–205.Google Scholar

Lee, R. 2003. “The marginalization of everywhere? Emerging geographies of emerging markets.” In Remaking the Global Economy: Economic-Geographical Perspectives, ed. Peck, J. and Yeung, H. W.-C.. London: Thousand Oaks.Google Scholar

Levitsky, Steven, and Way, Lucan A.. 2002. “The rise of competitive authoritarianism.” Journal of Democracy 13 (2): 53.Google Scholar

Levitsky, Steven and Way, Lucan A.. 2010. Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Lewis, Michael. 2011. The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.Google Scholar

Linz, Juan J. 1975. “Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes.” In The Handbook of Political Science, ed. Greenstein, Fred and Polsby, Nelson. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar

Löwenheim, Oded. 2008. “Examining the state: a Foucauldian perspective on international ‘governance indicators’.” Third World Quarterly 29: 255–274.Google Scholar

MacKenzie, Donald. 2006. An Engine Not a Camera: How Financial Models Shape Markets. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Mainwaring, Scott, Brinks, Daniel, and Perez-Linan, Anibal. 2001. “Classifying political regimes in Latin America, 1945–1999.” Studies in Comparative International Development 36: 37–65.Google Scholar

Malecki, Edward. 2002. “Hard and soft networks for urban competitiveness.” Urban Studies 39: 929–945.Google Scholar

Malecki, Edward. 2004. “Jockeying for position: What it means and why it matters to regional development policy when places compete.” Regional Studies 38: 1101–1120.Google Scholar

Malecki, Edward. 2007. “Cities and regions competing in the global economy: knowledge and local development policies.” Environment and Planning C – Government And Policy 25: 638–654.Google Scholar

Markoff, John. 1996. Waves of Democracy: Social Movements and Political Change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Press.Google Scholar

Marshall, Monty G., Gurr, Ted Robert, and Jaggers, Keith. 2010. Polity IV Project Dataset Users’ Manual. Available at: www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm.Google Scholar

Mattli, Walter, and Woods, Ngaire, eds. 2009. The Politics of Global Regulation. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Mawdsley, E. 2007. “The millennium challenge account: Neo-liberalism, poverty and security.” Review of International Political Economy 14: 487–509.Google Scholar

McCormick, James M. and Mitchell, Neil J.. 1997. “Human rights violations, umbrella concepts, and empirical analysis.” World Politics 49: 510–525.Google Scholar

McGann, James. 2008. “The global ‘Go-to think tanks’.” Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar

McHenry, Dean E. 2000. “Quantitative measures of democracy in Africa: An assessment.” Democratization 7: 168–185.Google Scholar

Merry, Sally Engle. 2011. “Measuring the world: Indicators, human rights, and global governance.” Current Anthropology 52: s83–s95.Google Scholar

Migdal, Joel S., and Schlichte, Klaus. 2005. “Rethinking the state.” In The Dynamics of States: The Formation and Crises of State Domination, ed. Schlichte, Klaus. London: Ashgate.Google Scholar

Moody’s Investor Service. 2007. Global Credit Research, Special Comment, “Sovereign Default and Recovery Rates, 1983–2006.”Google Scholar

Munck, Gerardo L. 2009. Measuring Democracy: A Bridge Between Scholarship and Politics. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

Munck, Geraldo L., and Verkuilen, Jay. 2002. “Conceptualizing and measuring democracy: Evaluating alternative indices.” Comparative Political Studies 35: 5–34.Google Scholar

Nanda, V. P. 2006. “The ‘Good Governance’ concept revisited.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 603: 269–283.Google Scholar

National Security Council (NSC). 2002. National Security Strategy of the United States. Washington, DC: NSC.Google Scholar

National Security Council (NSC). 2006. National Security Strategy of the United States. Washington, DC: NSC.Google Scholar

National Security Council (NSC). 2010. National Security Strategy of the United States. Washington, DC: NSC.Google Scholar

Ndikumana, Leonce, and Boyce, James K.. 2008. “New estimates of capital flight from sub-Saharan African Countries: Linkages with external borrowing and policy options.” Working Paper No. 166. Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.Google Scholar

Newman, Edward. 2007. “Weak states, state failure and terrorism.” Terrorism and Political Violence 19: 463–488.Google Scholar

Newman, Edward. 2009. “Failed states and the international order: Constructing a post-Westphalian world.” Contemporary Security Policy 30: 421–443.Google Scholar

Noonan, John T. Jr. 1984. Bribes. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Nye, Joseph S. 1967. “Corruption and political development: a cost-benefit analysis.” American Political Science Review 61 (2): 417–427.Google Scholar

Ó Tuathail, G. 1997. “Emerging markets and other simulations: Mexico, the Chiapas revolt and the geofinancial panopticon.” Ecumene 4: 300–317.Google Scholar

Ó Tuathail, G. 2008. “Russia’s Kosovo: A critical geopolitics of the August 2008 war over South Ossetia.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 49: 670–705.Google Scholar

O’Donnell, Guillermo. 1993. “On the state, democratization and some conceptual problems: A Latin American view with glances at some postcommunist countries.” World Development 21: 1355–1369.Google Scholar

OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development). 2005. Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies: Georgia. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar

OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development). 2010. The State’s Legitimacy in Fragile Situations: Unpacking Complexity. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar

OECD Development Assistance Committee. 2007. Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States and Situations. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar

OECD Development Assistance Committee. 2008. Concepts and Dilemmas of State Building in Fragile Situations. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar

Oliver, Adam. 2012. “The folly of cross-country ranking exercises.” Health Economics, Policy and Law 7: 15–17.Google Scholar

O’Loughlin, J., Tuathail, G. Ó, and Kolossov, V.. 2005. “Russian geopolitical culture and public opinion: The masks of Proteus revisited.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 30: 322.Google Scholar

Oren, Ido. 2002. Our Enemies and Us: America’s Rivalries and the Making of Political Science. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Orwell, George. 1946 [2000].“Politics and the English language.” In The Collected Essays, Journalism & Letters of George Orwell, Volume 4. Boston: Nonpareil Books.Google Scholar

Papava, V. 2006. “The political economy of Georgia’s Rose Revolution.” East European Democratization 50: 657–667.Google Scholar

Partnoy, Frank. 1999. “The Siskel and Ebert of financial markets? Two thumbs down for the credit rating agencies.” Washington University Law Quarterly 77: 619–712.Google Scholar

Patrick, Stewart. 2006. “Weak States and Terrorism: Fact or Fiction?” Washington Quarterly 29: 27–53.Google Scholar

Peck, Jamie. 2002. “Political economics of scale: Fast policy, interscalar relations, and neoliberal workfare.” Economic Geography 78: 331–360.Google Scholar

Peck, Jamie. 2004. “Geography and public policy: Constructions of neoliberalism.” Progress In Human Geography 28: 392–405.Google Scholar

Pemstein, Daniel, Meserve, Stephen A., and Melton, James. 2010. “Democratic compromise: A latent variable analysis of ten measures of regime type.” Political Analysis 18: 426–449.Google Scholar

Phelps, N. A. 2007. “Gaining from globalization? State extraterritoriality and domestic economic impacts – The case of Singapore.” Economic Geography 83: 371–393.Google Scholar

Phelps, N. A., Power, M., and Wanjiru, R.. 2007. “Learning to compete: Communities of investment promotion practice in the spread of global neoliberalism.” In Neoliberalization: States, Networks, Peoples, ed. England, K. and Ward, K.. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Phelps, N. A., and Wood, A.. 2006. “Lost in translation? Local interests, global actors and inward investment regimes.” Journal of Economic Geography 6: 493–515.Google Scholar

Pilon, Juliana Geran. 1993. “The measure of freedom.” Journal of Democracy 4: 127–129.Google Scholar

Pistor, Katharina. 2012. “Re-construction of private indicators for public purposes.” In Governance by Indicators: Global Power through Classification and Rankings, ed. Davis, Kevin, Fisher, Angelina, Kingsbury, Benedict, and Merry, Sally Engle. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Porter, M. E., Schwab, K., Lopez-Claros, A., and Sala-i-Martin, X.. 2006. The Global Competitiveness Report 2006–2007. Geneva: World Economic Forum.Google Scholar

Porter, M. E., Schwab, K., and Sala-i-Martin, X.. 2007. The Global Competitiveness Report 2007–2008. Geneva: World Economic Forum.Google Scholar

Porter, Theodore M. 1995. Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Porter, Tony. 2009. “Making serious measures: Numerical national indices, peer review and global governance.” Paper presented to the 2009 International Studies Association Meeting, New York.Google Scholar

Power, Michael. 1997. The Audit Society: Rituals of Verification. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Power, Michael. 2007. Organized Uncertainty: Designing a World of Risk Management. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael, Cheibub, José Antonio, and Limongi, Fernando. 1996. “What makes democracies endure?” Journal of Democracy 7: 39–55.Google Scholar

Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael, Cheibub, Jose Antonio, and Limongi, Fernando. 2000. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950–1990. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Przeworski, Adam, and Limongi, Fernando. 1997. “Modernization: theories and facts.” World Politics 49: 155–184.Google Scholar

Reich, Gary. 2002. “Categorizing political regimes: New data for old problems.” Democratization 9: 1–24.Google Scholar

Reinhart, Carmen. 2002. “Sovereign credit ratings before and after financial crises.” In Ratings, Rating Agencies and the Global Financial System, ed. Levich, Richard, Majnoni, Giovanni, and Reinhart, Carmen M.. New York: Kluwer Academic Press.Google Scholar

Revenuewatch. 2010. Revenue Watch Index 2010. New York: Revenuewatch Institute. Available at: www.revenuewatch.org/rwindex2010/pdf/RevenueWatchIndex_2010.pdf.Google Scholar

Rice, Susan, and Patrick, Stewart. 2006. Index of State Weakness in the Developing World. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar

Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. 2009. European Report on Development – Overcoming Fragility in Africa, Forging a New European Approach. San Domenico di Fiesole: European University Institute.Google Scholar

Roberts, S. M., Wright, S., and O’Neill, P.. 2007. “Good governance in the Pacific? Ambivalence and possibility.” Geoforum 38: 967–984.Google Scholar

Robson, A. J. 2005. “Complex evolutionary systems and the Red Queen.” Economic Journal 115: 211–224.Google Scholar

Rona-Tas, Akos, and Hiss, Stephanie. 2010. “The role of ratings in the subprime mortgage crisis: The art of corporate and the science of consumer credit rating.” In Markets on Trial: The Economic Sociology of the US Financial Crisis, ed. Loundsbury, Michael and Hirsh, Paul. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing.Google Scholar

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. 1999. Corruption and Government. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Rotberg, Robert. 2002. “Failed states in a world of terror.” Foreign Affairs 81: 127–141.Google Scholar

Rotberg, Robert. 2014. On Governance: What it is, What it Measures and its Policy Uses. Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation.Google Scholar

Rothstein, Bo. 2011. The Quality of Government: Corruption, Social Trust, and Inequality in International Perspective. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Ruggie, John G. 2004. “Reconstituting the global public domain – issues, actors, and practices.” European Journal of International Relations 10: 499–531.Google Scholar

Saint-Martin, Denis. 2004. Building the New Managerialist State: Consultants and the Politics of Public Sector Reform in Comparative Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Sanderson, Ian. 2001. “Performance management, evaluation and learning in ‘modern’ local government.” Public Administration 79: 297–313.Google Scholar

Sanín, Francisco Gutiérrez. 2009. “The quandaries of coding and ranking: Evaluating poor state performance indexes.” Crisis States Working Papers Series 2, November 2009. London: LSE Development Studies Institute.Google Scholar

Sanin, Francisco Gutierrez. 2011. “Evaluating state performance: A critical view of state failure and fragility indexes.” European Journal of Development Research 23: 20–42.Google Scholar

Sanín, Francisco Gutiérrez, Buitrago, Diana, and Gonzáles, Andrea. 2013. “Aggregating political dimensions: Of the feasibility of political indicators.” Social Indicators Research 110: 305–326.Google Scholar

Sarfaty, Galit. 2013. “Regulating through numbers: A case study of corporate sustainability reporting.” Virginia Journal of International Law 53: 575–622.Google Scholar

Sauder, Michael, and Lancaster, Ryon. 2006. “Do rankings matter? The effects of U.S. News and World Report rankings on the admissions process of law schools.” Law & Society Review 40: 105–134.Google Scholar

Schäfer, Armin. 2006. “A new form of governance? Comparing the open method of co-ordination to multilateral surveillance by the IMF and the OECD.” Journal of European Public Policy 13: 70–88.Google Scholar

Schmitter, Philippe C., and Karl, Terry Lynn. 1991. “What democracy is … and is not.” Journal of Democracy 2: 75–88.Google Scholar

Schoenberger, E. 1998. “Discourse and practice in human geography.” Progress In Human Geography 22: 1–14.Google Scholar

Schueth, Sam. 2011. “Assembling international competitiveness: The Republic of Georgia, USAID and the Doing Business project.” Economic Geography 87: 51–77.Google Scholar

Schwab, K., and Porter, M. E.. 2008. The Global Competitiveness Report 2008–2009. Geneva: World Economic Forum.Google Scholar

Schwab, K., Sala-i-Martin, X., and Blanke, J.. 2009. The Global Competitiveness Report 2009–2010. Geneva: World Economic Forum.Google Scholar

Scott, James C. 1972. Comparative Political Corruption. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar

Scott, James C. 1999. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Sharman, Jason. 2011. “Testing the global financial transparency regime.” International Studies Quarterly 55: 981–1001.Google Scholar

Shaxon, Nicholas. 2007. “Oil, corruption and the resource curse.” International Affairs 83: 1123–1140.Google Scholar

Sheppard, Eric. 2000. “Competition in space and between places.” In A Companion to Economic Geography, ed. Sheppard, E. and Barnes, T. J.. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Sheppard, Eric. 2002. “The spaces and times of globalization: Place, scale, networks, and positionality.” Economic Geography 78: 307–330.Google Scholar

Sidaway, J. D., and Bryson, J. R.. 2002. “Constructing knowledges of ‘emerging markets’: UK-based investment managers and their overseas connections.” Environment and Planning A 34: 401–416.Google Scholar

Sidaway, J. D., and Pryke, M.. 2000. “The strange geographies of ‘emerging markets’.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 25: 187–201.Google Scholar

Simmons, Beth. 2009. Mobilizing for Human Rights. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Sinclair, Timothy J. 1994. “Passing judgment: Credit rating processes as regulatory mechanisms of governance in the emerging world order.” Review of International Political Economy 1: 133–159.Google Scholar

Sinclair, Timothy J. 1999. “Bond-rating agencies and coordination in the Global Political Economy.” In Private Authority and International Affairs, ed. Cutler, Claire, Haufler, Virginia, and Porter, Tony. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar

Sinclair, Timothy J. 2001. “The infrastructure of global governance: Quasi-regulatory mechanisms and the new global finance.” Global Governance 7: 441–451.Google Scholar

Sinclair, Timothy J. 2003. “Global monitor: Bond rating agencies.” New Political Economy 8: 147–161.Google Scholar

Sinclair, Timothy J. 2005. The New Masters of Capital: American Bond Rating Agencies and the Politics of Creditworthiness. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Skaaning, Svend-Erik. 2010. “Measuring the rule of law.” Political Research Quarterly 63: 449–460.Google Scholar

Smith, Roy C., and Walter, Ingo. 2002. “Rating agencies: Is there an agency issue?” In Ratings, Rating Agencies and the Global Financial System, ed. Levich, Richard M. et al. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar

Snyder, Jack, and Ballentine, Karen. 1996. “Nationalism and the marketplace of ideas.” International Security 21: 5–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Soederberg, S. 2004. “American empire and ‘excluded states’: The millennium challenge account and the shift to pre-emptive development.” Third World Quarterly 25: 279–302.Google Scholar

Spruyt, Hendrik. 1994. The Sovereign State and its Competitors. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Stein, E., and Daude, C. 2001. “Institutions, integration and the location of foreign direct investment.” In New Horizons of Foreign Direct Investment. Paris: OECD Global Forum on International Investment.Google Scholar

Stone, Christopher. 2012. “Problems of power in the design of indicators of safety and justice in the global south.” In Governance by Indicators: Global Power through Classification and Rankings, ed. Davis, Kevin, Fisher, Angelina, Kingsbury, Benedict, and Merry, Sally Engle. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Strathern, Marilyn. 2000a. Audit Cultures: Anthropological Studies in Accountability, Ethics, and the Academy. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Strathern, Marilyn. 2000b. “The tyranny of transparency.” British Educational Research Journal 26: 309–321.Google Scholar

Sylla, Richard. 2002. “An historical primer on the business of credit rating.” In Ratings, Rating Agencies and the Global Financial System, ed. Levich, Richard M. et al. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar

Taylor, J. B. 2004. “Economic freedom and Georgia’s Rose Revolution.” Remarks at the Caucasus Business School, Tbilisi, Georgia. November 22.Google Scholar

Torrance, M. 2009. “The rise of a global infrastructure market through relational investing.” Economic Geography 85: 75–97.Google Scholar

Transparency International. 2007a. Transparency International Strategic Framework 2008–10. Washington, DC: Transparency International. Available at: www.transparency.org/about_us/strategy_2015/previous_strategies.Google Scholar

Transparency International. 2007b. Property Rights in Post-revolutionary Georgia. Tbilisi: Transparency International.Google Scholar

Transparency International. 2011a. Bribe Payers Index. Washington, DC: Transparency International. Available at: http://bpi.transparency.org/bpi2011.Google Scholar

Transparency International. 2011b. Strategy 2015. Washington, DC: Transparency International. Available at: www.transparency.org/about_us/strategy_2015.Google Scholar

Treier, Shawn, and Jackman, Simon. 2008. “Democracy as a latent variable.” American Journal of Political Science 52: 201–17.Google Scholar

Treisman, Daniel. 2011. The Return: Russia’s Journey from Gorbachev to Medvedev. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Tsygankov, Andrei. 2012. “The securitization of democracy: The politics of special interests and the Freedom House ratings of Russia.” Paper presented to “Ranking the World” conference. New York: Columbia University, February 2012.Google Scholar

United Kingdom Department for International Development. 2005. Why We Need to Work More Effectively in Fragile States. London: DFID.Google Scholar

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2008. World Investment Report 2008. Geneva: United Nations.Google Scholar

United Nations Secretary General. 2010. “Early Warning, Assessment and the Responsibility to Protect.” New York: July 14, 2010. Available at: www.unrol.org/files/SGReportEarlyWarningandAssessmentA64864.pdf.Google Scholar

United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 2005a. Failed States Strategy. Washington, DC: USAID.Google Scholar

United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 2005b. Measuring Fragility: Indicators and Methods for Rating State Performance. Washington, DC: USAID.Google Scholar

United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 2005c. USAID Anti-Corruption Strategy. Washington, DC: USAID.Google Scholar

United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 2009. Anticorruption Assessment Handbook: Final Report. Washington, DC: Management Systems International.Google Scholar

Vachudova, Milada Anna. 2005. Europe Undivided: Democracy, Leverage, and Integration after Communism. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Van der Vleuten, Anna, and Verloo, Mieke. 2012. “Ranking and benchmarking: The political logic of new regulatory instruments in the fields of gender equality and anti-corruption.” Policy & Politics 40 (1): 71–86.Google Scholar

Vanhanen, Tatu. 2000. “A new dataset for measuring democracy, 1810–1998.” Journal of Peace Research 37(2): 251–265.Google Scholar

Vanhanen, Tatu. 2003. Democratization: A Comparative Analysis of 170 Countries. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Wade, Robert. 2002. “US hegemony and the World Bank: the fight over people and ideas.” Review of International Political Economy 9: 215–243.Google Scholar

Walker, Martin. 1994. The Cold War: A History. New York: Henry Holt & Co.Google Scholar

Walter, Andrew. 2008. Governing Finance: East Asia’s Adoption of International Standards. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Ward, K., and England, K.. 2007. “Reading neoliberalization.” In Neoliberalization: States, Networks, Peoples, ed. England, K. and Ward, K.. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Warner, Carolyn M. 2007. The Best System Money Can Buy: Corruption in the European Union. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Weber, Max. 1978. Economy and Society, Volume 1. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

White, Lawrence J. 2002. “The credit rating industry: An industrial organization analysis.” In Ratings, Rating Agencies and the Global Financial System, ed. Levich, Richard M. et al. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar

Whitehead, Laurence. 2011. “Enlivening the concept of democratization: The biological metaphor.” Perspectives on Politics 9: 291–299.Google Scholar

Whitten-Woodring, Jennifer. 2009. “Watchdog or lapdog? Media freedom, regime type, and government respect for human rights.” International Studies Quarterly 53: 595–626.Google Scholar

Wholey, Joseph S. and Hatry, Harry P.. 1992. “The case for performance monitoring.” Public Administration Review 52: 604–610.Google Scholar

Williams, Andrew, and Siddique, Abu. 2008. “The use (and abuse) of governance indicators in economics: a review.” Economics of Governance 9: 131–175.Google Scholar

Williamson, J. 1990. “What Washington means by policy reform.” In Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened?, ed. Williamson, J.. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.Google Scholar

World Bank. 2007. Implementation Plan for Strengthening World Bank Group Engagement on Governance and Anticorruption. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC). 2004. Doing Business in 2004: Understanding Regulation. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC). 2006a. Doing Business in 2006: Creating Jobs. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC). 2006b. Doing Business 2007: How to Reform. Washington DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC). 2007. Doing Business 2008. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC). 2008. Doing Business 2009. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC). 2009. Doing Business 2010: Reforming through Difficult Times. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

Yeung, Henry Wai-Chung. 2002. “Deciphering citations.” Environment and Planning A 34: 2093–2102.Google Scholar

Yoo, John. 2010. “Fixing failed states.” University of California Berkeley Public Law Research Paper 1552395.Google Scholar

Zakaria, Fareed. 1997. “The rise of illiberal democracy.” Foreign Affairs 76: 22–43.Google Scholar

Zanotti, L. 2005. “Governmentalizing the post-Cold War international regime: The UN debate on democratization and good governance.” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 30: 461–487.Google Scholar

Zarakol, Ayse. 2011. After Defeat: How the East Learned to Live with the West. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar