INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, we look at cross-cultural testing, that is, at some of the ways in which culture and testing can interact. We use the term “culture” in two different ways: (1) to delineate people living in different countries, for example, the United States vs. the People's Republic of China; and (2) to refer to minority groups within a particular country, for example, blacks and Hispanics living in the United States. There are of course many ways of defining culture. For our purpose, we can define culture as a set of shared values and behaviors that include beliefs, customs, morals, laws, etc., that are acquired by a person, shared in common with other members who are typically in close proximity, but different from those held by others who often live in a different geographical setting (D. W. Sue & D. Sue, 1990).