Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-c9gpj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T06:31:55.487Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 9 - Benefits and Costs of the Trade Targets for the Post-2015 Development Agenda

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 May 2018

Bjorn Lomborg
Affiliation:
Copenhagen Business School
Get access

Summary

Lowering trade barriers would contribute to all four of the likely main goals of the United Nations’ Post-2015 development agenda: poverty alleviation, ending hunger, reducing income inequalities and strengthening global partnerships for sustainable development (United Nations 2014). Among the possible strategies to reduce remaining price- and trade-distorting measures, five current opportunities stand out. The most beneficial involves multilaterally completing the stalled Doha Development Agenda (DDA) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). If that continues to prove to be too difficult politically to bring to a conclusion in the near future, three other opportunities considered here are the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), extending the free-trade area among the 10-member Association of South East Asian Nations to include China, Japan and South Korea (ASEAN+3), and freeing up trade among all APEC countries (a free trade area of the Asia-Pacific, FTAAP). One more potential opportunity involves bringing disciplines to export restrictions to match those for import restrictions, especially for farm products.
Type
Chapter
Information
Prioritizing Development
A Cost Benefit Analysis of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals
, pp. 192 - 218
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acharya, R. C. and Keller, W. (2007), “Technology Transfers Through Imports,” NBER Working Paper 13086, Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Aghion, P. and Griffith, R. (2005), Competition and Growth: Reconciling Theory and Evidence, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Aghion, P. and Howitt, P. (2006), “Appropriate Growth Policy: A Unified Framework,” Journal of the European Economic Association 4: 269314.Google Scholar
Alderman, H. and Yemtsov, R. (2014), “How Can Safety Nets Contribute to Economic Growth?World Bank Economic Review 28(1): 120.Google Scholar
Anderson, K. (1992), “Effects on the Environment and Welfare of Liberalising World Trade: The Cases of Coal and Food,” in The Greening of World Trade Issues, edited by Anderson, K. and Blackhurst, R., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Anderson, K. (2003), “Measuring Effects of Trade Policy Distortions: How Far Have We Come?The World Economy 26(4): 413–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, K. (2010), “Economic Impacts of Policies Affecting Biotechnology and Trade,” New Biotechnology 27(5): 558–64.Google Scholar
Anderson, K. (2014), “Food Price and Trade Policy Evolution since the 1950s: A Global Perspective,” World Food Policy 1(1): 1233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, K., Cockburn, J., and Martin, W. (2011), “Would Freeing Up World Trade Reduce Poverty and Inequality? The Vexed Role of Agricultural Distortions,” The World Economy 34(4): 487515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, K. and Hayami, Y. (1986), The Political Economy of Agricultural Protection East Asia in International Perspective, London: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Anderson, K., Ivanic, M., and Martin, W. (2014), “Food Price Spikes, Price Insulation, and Poverty,” in The Economics of Food Price Volatility, edited by Chavas, J.-P., Hummels, D., and Wright, B., Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER.Google Scholar
Anderson, K., Jackson, L. A., and Nielsen, C. P. (2005), “GM Rice Adoption: Implications for Welfare and Poverty Alleviation,” Journal of Economic Integration 20(4): 771–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, K., Martin, W., and van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2006), “Market and Welfare Implications of the Doha Reform Scenarios,” in Agricultural Trade Reform and the Doha Development Agenda, edited by Anderson, K. and Martin, W., London: Palgrave Macmillan (co-published with the World Bank).Google Scholar
Anderson, K. and McKibbin, W. (2000), “Reducing Coal Subsidies and Trade Barriers: Their Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Abatement,” Environment and Development Economics 5(4): 457–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, K. and Nelgen, S. (2011), “What’s the Appropriate Agricultural Protection Counterfactual for Trade Analysis?” in Unfinished Business? The WTO’s Doha Agenda, edited by Martin, W. and Mattoo, A., London: Centre for Economic Policy Research and the World Bank.Google Scholar
Anderson, K. and Nelgen, S. (2012), “Agricultural Trade Distortions during the Global Financial Crisis,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 28(2): 235–60.Google Scholar
Anderson, K. and Winters, L. A. (2009), “The Challenge of Reducing International Trade and Migration Barriers,” in Global Crises, Global Solutions (2nd ed.), edited by Lomborg, B., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) (2010), Leaders’ Declaration, www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2010/2010_aelm.aspx.Google Scholar
Arnold, J. M., Javorcik, B. S., and Mattoo, A. (2011), “Does Services Liberalization Benefit Manufacturing Firms? Evidence from the Czech Republic.” Journal of International Economics 85(1): 136–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asian Development Bank (2011), Asian Development Outlook 2011, Manila: ADB.Google Scholar
Bacchetta, M. and Jansen, M. (2003), “Adjusting to Trade Liberalization: The Role of Policy, Institutions and WTO Disciplines,” Special Studies 7, Geneva: World Trade Organization.Google Scholar
Baldwin, R. E. (2004), “Openness and Growth: What’s the Empirical Relationship?” in Challenges to Globalization: Analysing the Economics, edited by Baldwin, R. E. and Winters, L. A., Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER and CEPR.Google Scholar
Baldwin, R. E. (2009), “Big-Think Regionalism: A Critical Survey,” in Regional Rules in the Global Trading System, edited by Estevadeordal, A., Suominen, K., and Teh, R., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Baldwin, R. E. (2011), Trade and Industrialization after Globalization’s 2nd Unbundling: How Building and Joining a Supply Chain Are Different and Why It Matters, NBER Working Paper 17716, Cambridge MA: National Bureau of Economic ResearchGoogle Scholar
Beghin, J., van der Mensbrugghe, D., and Roland-Holst, D. (2002), Trade and the Environment in General Equilibrium: Evidence from Developing Economies, Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Bendivogli, C. and Pagano, P. (1999), “Trade, Job Destruction and Job Creation in European Manufacturing,” Open Economies Review 10: 156–84.Google Scholar
Bermudez, E. (2004), Sustainability Assessments of Trade Policies and Programmes, Gland: WWF International.Google Scholar
Bernard, A. B., Jensen, J. B., Redding, S. J., and Schott, P. K. (2007), “Firms in International Trade,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 21(3): 105–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhagwati, J. N. (1971), “The Generalized Theory of Distortions and Welfare,” in Trade, Balance of Payments and Growth, edited by Bhagwati, J. N. et al., Amsterdam: North-Holland.Google Scholar
Billmeier, A. and Nannicini, T. (2009), “Trade Openness and Growth: Pursuing Empirical Glasnost,” IMF Staff Papers 56: 447–75.Google Scholar
Bordo, M. and Rousseau, P. (2012), “Historical Evidence on the Finance-Trade-Growth Nexus,” Journal of Banking and Finance 36(4): 1236–43.Google Scholar
Bouët, A. and Laborde-Debucquet, D. (2012), “Food Crisis and Export Taxation: The Cost of Non-Cooperative Trade Policies,” Review of World Economics 148(1): 209–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borchert, I., Gootiiz, B., and Mattoo, A. (2014), “Policy Barriers to International Trade in Services: Evidence from a New Database,” World Bank Economic Review 28(1): 162–88.Google Scholar
Cameron, H. (2007), “The Evolution of the Trade and Environment Debate at the WTO,” in Trade and Environment: A Resource Book, edited by Najam, A., Halle, M., and Melendez-Ortiz, R., Geneva: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD), see www.trade-environment.org.Google Scholar
Centre d'Études Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales (CEPII) (2003), Methodological Tools for SIA: Report of the CEPII workshop held on 7–8 November 2002 in Brussels, Paris: CEPII Working Paper No. 2003–19. Download at www.cepii.fr/anglaisgraph/workpap/pdf/2003/wp03-19.pdf.Google Scholar
Chandy, L., Ledlie, N., and Penciakova, V. (2013), The Final Countdown: Prospects for Ending Extreme Poverty by 2030, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Chang, R., Kaltani, L., and Loayza, N. (2005), “Openness Can be Good for Growth: The Role of Policy Complementarity,” Policy Research Working Paper 3763, Washington, DC: World Bank, and NBER Working Paper 11787.Google Scholar
Cline, W. R. (2004), “Climate Change,” in Global Crises, Global Solutions, edited by Lomborg, B., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cline, W. R., Kawanabe, T. O., Kronsjo, M., and Williams, T. (1978), Trade Negotiations in the Tokyo Round: A Quantitative Assessment, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Coase, R. (1960), “The Problem of Social Cost,” Journal of Law and Economics 3: 144.Google Scholar
Cole, M. A. (2003), “Development, Trade, and the Environment: How Robust Is the Environmental Kuznets Curve?Environment and Development Economics 8(4): 557–80.Google Scholar
Copland, B. and Taylor, M. S. (2003), Trade and the Environment: Theory and Evidence, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Corden, W. M. (1997), Trade Policy and Economic Welfare (2nd ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deardorff, A. V. and Stern, R. M. (1979), An Economic Analysis of the Effects of the Tokyo Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations on the United States and Other Major Industrial Countries, MTN Studies 5, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Deardorff, A. V. and Stern, R. M. (1986), The Michigan Model of World Production and Trade: Theory and Applications, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
de Melo, J. and Mathys, N. A. (2012), “Reconciling Trade and Climate Policies,” CEPR Discussion Paper No. 8760, London.Google Scholar
de Melo, J. and Tarr, D. (1990), “Welfare Costs of US Quotas on Textiles, Steel and Autos,” Review of Economics and Statistics 72: 489–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diebold, W. Jr. (1952), The End of the ITO, International Finance Section, Essays in International Finance No. 16, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Dollar, D., Kleineberg, T., and Kraay, A. (2014), “Growth, Inequality, and Social Welfare: Cross-country Evidence,” Policy Research Working Paper 6842, World Bank, Washington, DC, April.Google Scholar
Dollar, D. and Kraay, A. (2002), “Growth Is Good for the Poor,” Journal of Economic Growth 7(3): 195225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EASAC (European Academies Science Advisory Council) (2013), Planting the Future: Opportunities and Challenges for Using Crop Genetic Improvement Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture, EASAC Policy Report 21, Halle: EASAC Secretariat.Google Scholar
Easterly, W. (2001), The Elusive Quest for Growth, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Faini, R. (2004), “Trade Liberalization in a Globalizing World,” CEPR Discussion Paper No. 4665, London, October.Google Scholar
Feenstra, R. C. (2003), Advanced International Trade: Theory and Evidence, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fernandez, R. and Rodrik, D. (1991), “Resistance to Reform: Status Quo Bias and the Presence of Individual Specific Uncertainty,” American Economic Review 81: 1146–55.Google Scholar
Fouré, J., Bénassy-Quéré, A., and Fontagné, L. (2010), “The World Economy in 2050: A Tentative Picture,” CEPII Working Paper 2010–27, Paris: CEPII, December.Google Scholar
Francois, J. F. (2003), “Assessing the Impact of Trade Policy on Labour Markets and Production,” pp. 6188 in Methodological Tools for SIA, CEPII Working Paper No. 2003–19, Paris: CEPII.Google Scholar
Francois, J. F. and Hoekman, B. (2010), “Services Trade and Policy,” Journal of Economic Literature 48(3): 642–92.Google Scholar
Francois, J. F. and Reinert, K. A. (eds.) (1997), Applied Methods for Trade Policy Analysis: A Handbook, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Francois, J. F. and Martin, W. (2004), “Commercial Policy, Bindings and Market Access,” European Economic Review 48: 665–79.Google Scholar
Francois, J. F. and Martin, W. (2010), “Ex Ante Assessments of the Welfare Impacts of Trade Reforms with Numerical Models,” in New Developments in Computable General Equilibrium Analysis for Trade Policy, edited by Beladi, H. and Choi, E. K., London: Emerald Group Publishing.Google Scholar
Frankel, J. A. and Cavallo, E. A. (2008), “Does Openness to Trade Make Countries More Vulnerable to Sudden Stops, Or Less? Using Gravity to Establish Causality”, Journal of International Money and Finance 27(8): 1430–52.Google Scholar
Frankel, J. A. and Romer, D. (1999), “Does Trade Cause Growth?American Economic Review 89(3): 379–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, R. B. (2004), “Trade Wars: The Exaggerated Impact of Trade in Economic Debate,” The World Economy 27(1): 123.Google Scholar
Furusawa, T. and Lai, E. L. C. (1999), “Adjustment Costs and Gradual Trade LiberalizationJournal of International Economics 49: 333–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glenday, G. (2002), “Trade Liberalization and Customs Revenue: Does Trade Liberalization Lead to Lower Customs Revenue? The Case of Kenya,” Journal of African Finance and Economic Development 5(2): 89125.Google Scholar
Greenaway, D. (1993), “Liberalizing Foreign Trade through Rose-Tinted Glasses,” Economic Journal 103: 208–22.Google Scholar
Greenaway, D. and Milner, C. (1993), “The Fiscal Implication of Trade Policy Reform: Theory and Evidence,” UNDP/World Bank Trade Expansion Program Occasional Paper 9, Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Grossman, G. M. and Helpman, E. (1991), Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Grossman, G. M. and Rogoff, K. (eds.) (1995), Handbook of International Economics Volume III, Amsterdam: North-Holland.Google Scholar
Hanson, G. H., Mataloni, R. J. and Slaughter, M. J. (2005), “Vertical Production Networks in Multinational Firms,” Review of Economics and Statistics 87(4): 664–78.Google Scholar
Harbaugh, W. T., Levinson, A., and Wilson, D. M. (2002), “Re-examining the Empirical Evidence for an Environmental Kuznets Curve,” Review of Economics and Statistics 84(3): 541–51.Google Scholar
Harrigan, J. and Choi, E. K. (eds.) (2003), Handbook of International Trade, Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Helpman, E. and Itskhoki, O. (2010), “Labor Market Rigidities, Trade and Unemployment,” Review of Economic Studies 77(3): 1100–37.Google Scholar
Helpman, E., Marin, D., and Verdier, T. (eds.) (2008), The Organization of Firms in a Global Economy, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hertel, T. W., Martin, W., and Leister, A. M. (2010), “Potential Implications of a Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) in the WTO: The Case of Wheat,” World Bank Economic Review 24: 330–59.Google Scholar
Hertel, T. W., Verma, M., Ivanic, M., and Rios, A. R. (2011), “GTAP-POV: A Framework for Assessing the National Poverty Impacts of Global Economic and Environmental Policies,” GTAP Technical Paper 31, West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HLP (2013), A New Global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies through Sustainable Development, Report of the High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Agenda, New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
Hollander, J. (2003), The Real Environmental Crisis: Why Poverty, Not Affluence, Is the Environment’s Number One Enemy, Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hoxha, I., Kalemli-Ozcan, S., and Vollrath, D. (2013), “How Big Are the Gains from International Financial Integration?Journal of Development Economics 103: 9098.Google Scholar
Irwin, D. A. (2002), Free Trade Under Fire, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Jacobson, L. S., LaLonde, R. J., and Sullivan, D. G. (1993), “Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers,” American Economic Review 83(4): 685709.Google Scholar
Javorcik, B., Keller, W., and Tybout, J. (2008), “Openness and Industrial Responses in a Walmart World: A Case Study of Mexican Soaps, Detergents and Surfactant Producers,” The World Economy 31(12): 1558–80.Google Scholar
Jensen, H. G. and Anderson, K. (2017), “Grain Price Spikes and Beggar-Thy-Neighbor Policy Responses: A Global CGE Analysis,” World Bank Economic Review 31(1): 158–75.Google Scholar
Johansson, P. and Kristrom, B. (2007), “On a Clear Day You Might See an Environmental Kuznets Curve,” Environmental and Resource Economics 37: 7790.Google Scholar
Just, R. E., Hueth, D. L., and Schmitz, A. (2004), The Welfare Economics of Public Policy, London: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Khandelwal, A. K., Schott, P. K., and Wei, S.-J. (2013), “Trade Liberalization and Embedded Institutional Reform: Evidence from Chinese Exporters”, American Economic Review 103(6): 2169–95.Google Scholar
Kindleberger, C. P. (1989), “Commercial Policy between the Wars,” in The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol. 8, edited by Mathias, P. and Pollard, S., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
King, D. K. (2003), GM Science Review: First Report, Prepared by the GM Science Review Panel under the chairmanship of Sir David King for the UK Government, July.Google Scholar
Kose, M. A., Prasad, E., Rogoff, K., and Wei, S. (2009), “Financial Globalization: A Reappraisal, IMF Staff Papers 56(1): 862.Google Scholar
Krueger, A. O. (1983), Trade and Employment in Developing Countries, Volume 3: Synthesis and Conclusions, Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER.Google Scholar
Laborde, D., Martin, W., and van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2011), “Potential Real Income Effects of Doha Reforms,” in Unfinished Business? The WTO’s Doha Agenda, edited by Martin, W. and Mattoo, A., London: Centre for Economic Policy Research and Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Laborde, D., Martin, W., and van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2012), “Implications of the Doha Market Access Proposals for Developing Countries,” World Trade Review 11(1): 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakner, C. and Milanovic, B. (2013), “Global Income Distribution: From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to the Great Recession,” Policy Research Working Paper 6719, Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Lee, J.-W. (1995), “Capital Goods Imports and Long-Run Growth,” Journal of Development Economics 48: 91110.Google Scholar
Lileeva, A. and Trefler, D. (2010), “Improved Access to Foreign Markets Raises Plant-Level Productivity … For Some Plants,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 125(3): 1051–99.Google Scholar
Lindert, P. (1991), “Historical Patterns of Agricultural Protection,” in Agriculture and the State, edited by Timmer, P., Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Lloyd, P. J. (1974), “A More General Theory of Price Distortions in an Open Economy,” Journal of International Economics 4(4): 365–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lomborg, B. (2001), The Skeptical Environmentalist: Measuring the Real State of the World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lomborg, B. (ed.) (2004), Global Crises, Global Solutions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lomborg, B. (ed.) (2009), Global Crises, Global Solutions (2nd ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lomborg, B. (ed.) (2013), Global Problems, Smart Solutions: Costs and Benefits, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lumenga-Neso, O., Olarreaga, M., and Schiff, M. (2005), “On ‘Indirect’ Trade-Related R&D Spillovers,” European Economic Review 49(7): 1785–98.Google Scholar
Matusz, S. and Tarr, D. (2000), “Adjusting to Trade Policy Reform,” in Economic Policy Reform: The Second Stage, edited by Krueger, A. O., Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Mazumdar, J. (2001), “Imported Machinery and Growth in LDCs,” Journal of Development Economics 65: 209–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melitz, M. J. (2003), “The Impact of Trade on Intra-industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity,” Econometrica 71(6): 16921725.Google Scholar
Melitz, M. J. and Ottaviano, G. I. P. (2008), “Market Size, Trade and Productivity,” Review of Economic Studies 75(1): 295316.Google Scholar
Melitz, M. J. and Redding, S. J. (2014), “Missing Gains from Trade,” American Economic Review 104(5): 317–21.Google Scholar
Michaely, M., Papageorgiou, D., and Choksi, A. (eds.) (1991), Liberalizing Foreign Trade, 7: Lessons of Experience in the Developing World, Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Moïsé, E. and Sorescu, S. (2013), “Trade Facilitation Indicators: The Potential Impact of Trade Facilitation on Developing Countries,” Trade Policy Paper 144, OECD, Paris.Google Scholar
Narayanan, G., Badri, A. A., and McDougall, R., eds. (2012), Global Trade, Assistance, and Production: The GTAP 8 Data Base, West Lafayette, IN: Center for Global Trade Analysis, Purdue University.Google Scholar
Nash, J. and Takacs, W. (1998), “Lessons from the Trade Expansion Program,” in Trade Policy Reform: Lessons and Implications, edited by Nash, J. and Takacs, W., Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Neufeld, N. (2014), “The Long and Winding Road: How WTO Members Finally Reached a Trade Facilitation Agreement,” Staff Working Paper ERSD-2014–06, World Trade Organization, April.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1996), Subsidies and the Environment: Exploring the Linkages, Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1997), Reforming Energy and Transport Subsidies: Environmental and Economic Implications, Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1998), Improving the Environment through Reducing Subsidies, Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2003a), Agricultural Trade and Poverty: Making Policy Analysis Count, Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2003b), Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: Policy Issues and Challenges, Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Olsen, M. (1965), The Logic of Collective Action, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Petri, P. A., Plummer, M. G., and Zhai, F. (2012), The Trans-Pacific Partnership and Asia-Pacific Integration: A Quantitative Assessment, Policy Analyses in International Economics 98, Washington DC: Peterson Institute for international Economics, November (with updated results that include Japan in the TPP, uploaded March 2013 at http://asiapacifictrade.org/?page_id=106).Google Scholar
Porto, G. and Hoekman, B. (eds.) (2010), Trade Adjustment Costs in Developing Countries: Impacts, Determinants and Policy Responses, London: CEPR and Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Potrafke, N. (2014), “The Evidence on Globalization,” CESIFO Working Paper No. 4708, IFO Institute, University of Munich.Google Scholar
Ravallion, M. (2006), “Looking Beyond Averages in the Trade and Policy Debate,” World Development 34(8): 1374–92.Google Scholar
Rivera-Batiz, L. and Romer, P. (1991), “International Integration and Endogenous Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 106: 531–56.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, F. and Rodrik, D. (2001), “Trade Policy and Economic Growth: A Skeptic’s Guide to Cross-National Evidence,” in NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000, edited by Bernanke, B. S. and Rogoff, K., Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Rodrik, D. (2007), One Economics, Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions and Economic Growth, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Romalis, J. (2007), “Market Access, Openness and Growth,” NBER Working Paper 13048, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Romer, P. (1994), “New Goods, Old Theory, and the Welfare Costs of Trade Restrictions,” Journal of Development Economics 43(1): 538,Google Scholar
Rutherford, T. F. and Tarr, D. G. (2002), “Trade Liberalization, Product Variety and Growth in a Small Open Economy: A Quantitative Assessment,” Journal of International Economics 56(2): 247–72.Google Scholar
Sachs, J. D. and Warner, A. (1995), “Economic Reform and the Process of Global Integration,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1: 195.Google Scholar
Sala-i-Martin, X. (2006), “The World Distribution of Income: Falling Poverty and … Convergence, Period,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 121(2): 351–97.Google Scholar
Schularick, M. and Steger, T. M. (2010), “Financial Integration, Investment, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Two Eras of Financial Globalization,” Review of Economics and Statistics 92(4): 756–68.Google Scholar
Sen, A. (1999), Development as Freedom, New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Taylor, M. S. (1999), “Trade and Trade Policy in Endogenous Growth Models,” in International Trade Policy and the Pacific Rim, edited by Piggott, J. and Woodland, A., London: Macmillan for the IAE.Google Scholar
Thennakoon, J. and Anderson, K. (2015), “Could the Proposed WTO Special Safeguard Mechanism Protect Farmers from Low International Prices?Food Policy 50(1): 106113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Townsend, R. M. and Ueda, K. (2010), “Welfare Gains from Financial Globalization,” International Economic Review 51(3): 553–97.Google Scholar
Tyers, R. and Anderson, K. (1992), Disarray in World Food Markets: A Quantitative Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
United Nations (2014), “Final Compilation of Amendments to Goals and Targets by Major Groups and Other Stakeholders,” to inform the Thirteenth and last Session of the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals, New York, 14–18 July.Google Scholar
UNDESA (2013), World Population Prospects, The 2012 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles, http://esa.un.org/wpp/Documentation/pdf/WPP2012_Volume-II-Demographic-Profiles.pdf.Google Scholar
U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) (1997), The Dynamic Effects of Trade Liberalization: An Empirical Analysis, Publication 3069, Washington, DC: US International Trade Commission.Google Scholar
Valenzuela, E., van der Mensbrugghe, D., and Anderson, K. (2009), “General Equilibrium Effects of Price Distortions on Global markets, Farm Incomes and Welfare,” in Distortions to Agricultural Incentives: A Global Perspective, 1955–2007, edited by Anderson, K., London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
van Beers, C. and de Moor, A. (2001), Public Subsidies and Policy Failures: How Subsidies Distort the Natural Environment, Equity and Trade and How to Reform Them, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2011), “Linkage Technical Reference Document: Version 7.1”, mimeo, World Bank, Washington DC, March. Freely available at http://go.worldbank.org/12JVZ7A910 or http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/Resources/334934–1314986341738/TechRef7.1_01Mar2011.pdf.Google Scholar
Vollebergh, H., Melenberg, B., and Dijkgraaf, E. (2009), “Identifying Reduced-Form Relations with Panel Data: The Case of Pollution and Income,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 58: 2742.Google Scholar
Wacziarg, R. (2001), “Measuring the Dynamic Gains from Trade,” World Bank Economic Review 15(3): 393429.Google Scholar
Wacziarg, R. and Welch, K. H. (2008), “Trade Liberalization and Growth: New Evidence,” World Bank Economic Review 15(3): 393429.Google Scholar
Whalley, J. (1985), Trade Liberalization among Major World Trading Areas, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Whalley, J. (2010), “China’s FDI and Non-FDI Economies and the Sustainability of Future High Chinese Growth,” China Economic Review 21(1): 123–35.Google Scholar
Winters, L. A. (2002), “Trade Liberalisation and Poverty: What Are the Links?The World Economy 25(9): 1339–68.Google Scholar
Winters, L. A. (2004), “Trade Liberalization and Economic Performance: An Overview,” Economic Journal 114: F4F21.Google Scholar
Winters, L. A. and Martuscelli, A. (2014), “Trade Liberalization and Poverty: What Have We Learned in a Decade?Annual Review of Resource Economics 6: 493512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winters, L. A. and Takacs, W. E. (1991), “Labour Adjustment Costs and British Footwear Protection,” Oxford Economic Papers 43: 479501.Google Scholar
World Bank (2006), Global Economic Prospects 2006: Economic Implications of Remittances and Migration, Washington, DC: The World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank (2007), World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development, Washington, DC: The World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank (2012), “An Update to the World Bank’s Estimates of Consumption Poverty in the Developing World,” http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPOVCALNET/Resources/Global_Poverty_Update_2012_02–29-12.pdf.Google Scholar
World Bank (2014), The State of Social Safety Nets 2014, Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Yohe, G. W., Tol, R. S. J., Richels, R. G. and Blanford, G. J. (2009) “Climate Change,” in Global Crises, Global Solutions (2nd ed.), edited by Lomborg, B., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Zaki, C. (2014), “An Empirical Assessment of the Trade Facilitation Impact: New Econometric Evidence and Global Economic Effects,” World Trade Review 13(1): 103–30.Google Scholar
Zhai, F. (2008), “Armington Meets Melitz: Introducing Firm Heterogeneity in a Global CGE Model of Trade,” Journal of Economic Integration 23(3): 575604.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×