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3 - Hormones in cancer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2009

By
Jacinta Abraham  and
John Staffurth
Edited by
Louise Hanna ,
Tom Crosby  and
Fergus Macbeth
Jacinta Abraham
Affiliation:
Consultant, Clinical Oncologist, Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre Hospital, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
John Staffurth
Affiliation:
Clinical Senior Lecturer in Oncology, Consultant Clinical Oncologist, Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre Hospital, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
Louise Hanna
Affiliation:
Velindre Hospital, Cardiff
Tom Crosby
Affiliation:
Velindre Hospital, Cardiff
Fergus Macbeth
Affiliation:
Velindre Hospital, Cardiff
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Summary

Introduction

Hormonal therapies are some of the oldest active systemic anticancer therapies in use today. In 1896 Beatson demonstrated that surgical oophorectomy resulted in tumour regression in some premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer, and, by doing so, he was the first to identify a link between ovarian function and breast cancer.

Substantial evidence now exists that hormones play a key role in both the cause and the outcome of several cancers. Although this is most clearly seen in breast and prostate cancer, other cancers that may exhibit hormone dependence include endometrial, ovarian and testicular cancers.

Hormones are classified into two groups:

  • Non-steroidal hormones include peptides, polypeptides or derivatives of amino acids, and they generally act via cell-membrane-localised receptors which trigger second messengers within the cytoplasm.

  • Steroidal hormones, such as oestrogens, androgens and progestins, bind to intracellular receptors to mediate their action.

This chapter will focus primarily on the steroidal hormones that are of particular importance in breast and prostate cancer: the oestrogens, progestins and androgens. It should be read in conjunction with the relevant site-specific chapters (Chapters 16 and 19). This chapter provides some background knowledge of the production and functioning of hormones and their receptors, which will help in the understanding of commonly used therapies. The aetiology of hormone-related cancers is discussed in the relevant site-specific chapters.

Steroidal hormones have the potential to activate oncogenes or inactivate tumour-suppressor genes, which can produce a sequence of changes within the cell that ultimately leads to cancer.

Type
Chapter
Information
Practical Clinical Oncology , pp. 23 - 38
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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References

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  • Hormones in cancer
    • By Jacinta Abraham, Consultant, Clinical Oncologist, Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre Hospital, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK, John Staffurth, Clinical Senior Lecturer in Oncology, Consultant Clinical Oncologist, Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre Hospital, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
  • Edited by Louise Hanna, Tom Crosby, Fergus Macbeth
  • Book: Practical Clinical Oncology
  • Online publication: 23 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511545375.004
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  • Hormones in cancer
    • By Jacinta Abraham, Consultant, Clinical Oncologist, Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre Hospital, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK, John Staffurth, Clinical Senior Lecturer in Oncology, Consultant Clinical Oncologist, Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre Hospital, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
  • Edited by Louise Hanna, Tom Crosby, Fergus Macbeth
  • Book: Practical Clinical Oncology
  • Online publication: 23 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511545375.004
Available formats
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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Hormones in cancer
    • By Jacinta Abraham, Consultant, Clinical Oncologist, Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre Hospital, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK, John Staffurth, Clinical Senior Lecturer in Oncology, Consultant Clinical Oncologist, Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre Hospital, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
  • Edited by Louise Hanna, Tom Crosby, Fergus Macbeth
  • Book: Practical Clinical Oncology
  • Online publication: 23 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511545375.004
Available formats
×