Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T20:53:32.774Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 4 - Postoperative Issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 January 2018

Sheila Ryan Barnett
Affiliation:
Harvard University Medical School, Massachusetts
Sara E. Neves
Affiliation:
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Luce, JM, Rubenfeld, GD. Can health care costs be reduced by limiting intensive care at the end of life. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 165(6): 15.Google Scholar
Angus, DC, Shorr, AF, White, A, et al. Critical care delivery in the United States: distribution of services and compliance with Leapfrog recommendations. Crit Care Med. 2006; 34(4):10161024.Google Scholar
Marik, PE. The cost of inappropriate care at the end of life: implications for an aging population. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2015; 32(7):703708.Google Scholar
Nasa, P, Juneja, D, Singh, O, Dang, R, Arora, V. Severe sepsis and its impact on outcome in elderly and very elderly patients admitted in intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med. 2011; 27:179183.Google Scholar
Fried, LP, Tangen, CM, Walston, J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001; 56:M146M156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sternberg, SA, Schwartz, AW, Karunananthan, S, Bergman, H, Mark Clarfield, A. The identification of frailty: a systematic literature review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011; 59(11):21292138.Google Scholar
Bagshaw, SM, Stelfox, HT, McDermid, RC, et al. Association between frailty and short- and long-term outcomes among critically ill patients: a multicentre prospective cohort study. CMAJ. 2014; 186(2):E95E102.Google Scholar
Fairhall, N, Sherrington, C, Cameron, ID. Effect of a multifactorial interdisciplinary intervention on mobility-related disability in frail older people: randomised controlled trial. BMC Med. 2012; 10:120.Google Scholar
Valderas, JM, Starfield, B, Sibbald, B, Salisbury, C, Roland, M. Defining comorbidity: implications for understanding health and health services. Ann Fam Med. 2009; 7(4):357363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baldwin, MR, Narain, WR, Wunsch, H, et al. A prognostic model for 6-month mortality in elderly survivors of critical illness. Chest. 2013; 143(4):910919.Google Scholar
Charlson, ME, Pompei, P, Ales, KL, MacKenzie, CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987; 40(5):373383.Google Scholar
Schweickert, WD, Pohlman, MC, Pohlman, AS, et al. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009; 373:18741882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cornette, P, Swine, C, Malhomme, E, et al. Early evaluation of the risk of functional decline following hospitalization of older patients: development of a predictive tool. Eur J Publ Health. 2006; 16(2):203208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Covinsky, KE, Justice, AC, Rosenthal, GE, et al. Measuring prognosis and case-mix in hospitalized elders: the importance of functional status. J Gen Intern Med. 1997; 12:203208.Google Scholar
Teng, EL, Hasegawa, K, Homma, A, et al. The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI): a practical test for cross-cultural epidemiological studies of dementia. Int Psychogeriatr. 1994; 6:45.Google Scholar
Sprung, CL, Geber, D, Eidelman, LA, et al. Evaluation of triage decisions for intensive care admission. Crit Care Med. 1999; 27:10731079.Google Scholar
SUPPORT Principle Investigators. A controlled trial to improve care for seriously ill hospitalised patients: the study to understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes and risks of treatment. JAMA. 1995; 274:15911598.Google Scholar
Cavallazzi, R, Saad, M, Marik, PE. Delirium in the ICU: an overview. Ann Intensive Care. 2012; 2:49.Google Scholar
Patel, J, Baldwin, J, Bunting, P, Laha, S. The effect of a multicomponent multidisciplinary bundle of interventions on sleep and delirium in medical and surgical intensive care patients. Anaesthesia. 2014; 9:540549.Google Scholar
Clegg, A, Young, JB. Which medications to avoid in people at risk of delirium: a systematic review. Age Ageing. 2011; 40:23–9.Google Scholar
Vosylius, S, Sipylaite, J, Ivaskevicius, J. Determinants of outcome in elderly patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Age Ageing. 2005; 34:157162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tornetta, P, Mostafavi, H, Riina, J, et al. Morbidity and mortality in elderly trauma patients. J Trauma. 1999; 46(4):702706.Google Scholar
Meldon, SW, Reilly, M, Drew, BL, Mancuso, C, Fallon, W. Trauma in the very elderly: a community-based study of outcomes at trauma and nontrauma centers. J Trauma. 2002; 52(1):7984.Google Scholar
Mackersie, R. Pitfalls in the evaluation and resuscitation of the trauma patient. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2010; 28:127.Google Scholar
Scalea, T, Simon, H, Duncan, A, et al. Geriatric blunt multiple trauma: improved survival with early invasive monitoring. J Trauma. 1990; 30:129136.Google Scholar
Baldwin, MR, Wunsch, H, Reyfman, PA. High burden of palliative needs among older intensive care unit survivors transferred to postacute care facilities: a single-center study. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2013; 10(5):458465.Google Scholar
Baldwin, MR, Narain, WR, Wunsch, H, et al. A prognostic model for 6-month mortality in elderly survivors of critical illness. Chest. 2013; 143(4):910919.Google Scholar
Fuchs, L, Chronaki, CE, Park, S, et al. ICU admission characteristics and mortality rates among elderly and very elderly patients. Intensive Care Med. 2012; 38:16541661.Google Scholar
Biston, P, Aldecoa, C, Devriendt, J, et al. Outcome of elderly patients with circulatory failure. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 40(1):5056.Google Scholar
Jones, C. Surviving the intensive care. Thoracic Surg Clin North Am. 2012; 22(4):509516.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnato, AE, Albert, SM, Angus, DC, Lave, JR, Degenholtz, HB. Disability among elderly survivors of mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011; 183(8):10371042.Google Scholar

References

Kinsella, K, He, W. An Aging World: 2008, International Population Reports, P95/09-1. Suitland, MD, US Census Bureau, 2009.Google Scholar
Administration on Aging. A Profile of Older Americans: 2013. Washington, DC, US Department of Health and Human Services, 2014.Google Scholar
Dall, TM, Gallo, PD, Chakrabarti, R, et al. An aging population and growing disease burden will require a large and specialized health care workforce by 2025. Health Affairs (Project Hope). 2013; 32(11):20132020.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vetter, TR. Healthcare policy in pain management. In: Benzon, HT, Rathmell, JP, Wu, CL, Turk, DC, Argoff, CE, Hurley, RW, eds., Raj's Practical Management of Pain, 5th edn. New York, Elsevier, 2013; 4755.Google Scholar
Levine, MA, Wynia, MK, Schyve, PM, et al. Improving access to health care: a consensus ethical framework to guide proposals for reform. Hastings Center Report 2007; 37(5):1419.Google Scholar
Herr, K. Pain in the older adult: an imperative across all health care settings. Pain Manag Nurs. 2010; 11(2 Suppl):S1S10.Google Scholar
Schofield, PA. The assessment and management of peri-operative pain in older adults. Anaesthesia. 2014; 69(Suppl 1):5460.Google Scholar
Health Care Cost Institute. Health care cost and utlization report: 2011/2012. 2013. Available from: www.healthcostinstitute.org/files/HCCI_HCCUR2011.pdf (Accessed July 18, 2017).Google Scholar
Cormier, JN, Cromwell, KD, Pollock, RE. Value-based health care: a surgical oncologist's perspective. Surg Oncol Clin North Am. 2012; 21(3):497506.Google Scholar
Fry, DE, Pine, M, Jones, BL, Meimban, RJ. The impact of ineffective and inefficient care on the excess costs of elective surgical procedures. J Am Coll Surg. 2011; 212(5):779786.Google Scholar
Vetter, TR, Goeddel, LA, Boudreaux, AM, et al. The Perioperative Surgical Home: how can it make the case so everyone wins? BMC Anesth. 2013; 13:6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vetter, TR, Boudreaux, AM, Jones, KA, Hunter, JM Jr., Pittet, JF. The Perioperative Surgical Home: how anesthesiology can collaboratively achieve and leverage the Triple Aim in health care. Anesth Analg. 2014; 118(5):11311316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vetter, TR, Ivankova, NV, Goeddel, LA, McGwin, G Jr., Pittet, JF. An analysis of methodologies that can be used to validate if a Perioperative Surgical Home improves the patient-centeredness, evidence-based practice, quality, safety, and value of patient care. Anesthesiology. 2013; 119(6):12611274.Google Scholar
Berwick, DM, Nolan, TW, Whittington, J. The Triple Aim: care, health, and cost. Health Affairs. 2008; 27(3):759769.Google Scholar
Stiefel, M, Nolan, K. A guide to measuring the Triple Aim: population health, experience of care, and per capita cost. IHI Innovation Series White Paper. Cambridge, MA, Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2012. Available from: www.IHI.org (Accessed July 18, 2017).Google Scholar
Turrentine, FE, Wang, H, Simpson, VB, Jones, RS. Surgical risk factors, morbidity, and mortality in elderly patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2006; 203(6):865877.Google Scholar
Moon, YE, Lee, YK, Lee, J, Moon, DE. The effects of preoperative intravenous acetaminophen in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Arch Gynecol Obstetr. 2011; 284(6):14551460.Google Scholar
Toms, L, McQuay, HJ, Derry, S, Moore, RA. Single dose oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008(4):CD004602.Google Scholar
Chang, CY, Challa, CK, Shah, J, Eloy, JD. Gabapentin in acute postoperative pain management. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014:631756.Google Scholar
Kong, VK, Irwin, MG. Gabapentin: a multimodal perioperative drug? Br J Anaesth. 2007; 99(6):775786.Google Scholar
Leung, JM, Sands, LP, Rico, M, et al. Pilot clinical trial of gabapentin to decrease postoperative delirium in older patients. Neurology. 2006; 67(7):12511253.Google Scholar
Pasero, C, Rakel, B, McCaffery, M. Postoperative pain management in the older adult. In: Gibson, SJ, Weiner, DK, eds., Pain in Older Persons. Progress in Pain Research and Management. Vol. 35. Seattle, IASP Press, 2005; 377395.Google Scholar
Bulka, CM, Shotwell, MS, Gupta, RK, Sandberg, WS, Ehrenfeld, JM. Regional anesthesia, time to hospital discharge, and in-hospital mortality: a propensity score matched analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2014; 39(5):381386.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, PH, Veering, BT, Urmey, WF. Maximum recommended doses of local anesthetics: a multifactorial concept. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2004; 29(6):564575; discussion 24.Google Scholar
Park, WY, Thompson, JS, Lee, KK. Effect of epidural anesthesia and analgesia on perioperative outcome: a randomized, controlled Veterans Affairs cooperative study. Ann Surg. 2001; 234(4):560569; discussion 971.Google Scholar
Moraca, RJ, Sheldon, DG, Thirlby, RC. The role of epidural anesthesia and analgesia in surgical practice. Ann Surg. 2003; 238(5):663673.Google Scholar
Kehlet, H, Holte, K. Effect of postoperative analgesia on surgical outcome. Br J Anaesth. 2001; 87(1):6272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Block, BM, Liu, SS, Rowlingson, AJ, et al. Efficacy of postoperative epidural analgesia: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2003; 290(18):24552463.Google Scholar
Morrison, RS, Magaziner, J, Gilbert, M, et al. Relationship between pain and opioid analgesics on the development of delirium following hip fracture. J Gerontol Ser A, Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003; 58(1):7681.Google Scholar
Hwang, U, Belland, LK, Handel, DA, et al. Is all pain is treated equally? A multicenter evaluation of acute pain care by age. Pain. 2014; 155(12):25682574.Google Scholar
Scherder, E, Oosterman, J, Swaab, D, et al. Recent developments in pain in dementia. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2005; 330(7489):461464.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falzone, E, Hoffmann, C, Keita, H. Postoperative analgesia in elderly patients. Drugs Aging. 2013; 30(2):8190.Google Scholar
Gagliese, L, Katz, J. Age differences in postoperative pain are scale dependent: a comparison of measures of pain intensity and quality in younger and older surgical patients. Pain. 2003; 103(1–2):1120.Google Scholar
Pasero, CL, McCaffery, M. Managing postoperative pain in the elderly. Am J Nurs. 1996; 96(10):3845; quiz 6.Google Scholar
Licht, E, Siegler, EL, Reid, MC. Can the cognitively impaired safely use patient-controlled analgesia? J Opioid Manag. 2009; 5(5):307312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herr, KA, Mobily, PR, Smith, C. Depression and the experience of chronic back pain: a study of related variables and age differences. Clin J Pain. 1993; 9(2):104114.Google Scholar
Corran, TM GS, Farrell, MJ, Helme, RD. Comparison of chronic pain experience between young and elderly patients. In: Gebhart, GF, Hammond, D, Jensen, TS, eds., Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Pain. Seattle, IASP Press, 1994:895906.Google Scholar
De Cosmo, G, Congedo, E, Lai, C, Primieri, P, Dottarelli, A, Aceto, P. Preoperative psychologic and demographic predictors of pain perception and tramadol consumption using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Clin J Pain. 2008; 24(5):399405.Google Scholar
Taenzer, P, Melzack, R, Jeans, ME. Influence of psychological factors on postoperative pain, mood and analgesic requirements. Pain. 1986; 24(3):331342.Google Scholar

References

Barnato, AE, McClellan, MB, Kagay, CR, Garber, AM. Trends in inpatient treatment intensity among Medicare beneficiaries at the end of life. Health Serv Res. 2004; 39(2):363375.Google Scholar
Leung, JM, Dzankic, S. Relative importance of preoperative health status versus intraoperative factors in predicting postoperative adverse outcomes in geriatric surgical patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001; 49(8):10801085.Google Scholar
Makary, MA, Segev, DL, Pronovost, PJ, et al. Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2010; 210(6):901908.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, M, Rolfson, DB, Stolee, P, Borrie, MJ, Speechley, M. Frailty is associated with postoperative complications in older adults with medical problems. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009; 48(1):7883.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garibaldi, RA, Britt, MR, Coleman, ML, Reading, JC, Pace, NL. Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia. Am J Med. 1981; 70(3):677680.Google Scholar
Kwok, AC, Semel, ME, Lipsitz, SR, et al. The intensity and variation of surgical care at the end of life: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2011; 378(9800):14081413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Partridge, JS, Harari, D, Dhesi, JK. Frailty in the older surgical patient: a review. Age Ageing. 2012; 41(2):142147.Google Scholar
Finlayson, E, Fan, Z, Birkmeyer, JD. Outcomes in octogenarians undergoing high-risk cancer operation: a national study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007; 205(6):729734.Google Scholar
Finlayson, E, Zhao, S, Boscardin, WJ, et al. Functional status after colon cancer surgery in elderly nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012; 60(5):967973.Google Scholar
Barnato, AE, Kahn, JM, Rubenfeld, GD, et al. Prioritizing the organization and management of intensive care services in the United States: the PrOMIS Conference. Crit Care Med. 2007; 35(4):10031011.Google Scholar
Nabozny, MJ, Kruser, JM, Steffens, NM, et al. Constructing high-stakes surgical decisions: it is better to die trying. Ann Surg. 2016; 263(1):6470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnet, CS, Arriaga, AF, Hepner, DL, et al. Surgery at the end of life: a pilot study comparing decedents and survivors at a tertiary care center. Anesthesiology. 2013; 119(4):796801.Google Scholar
Parikh, RB, Temel, JS. Early specialty palliative care. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(11):10751076.Google Scholar
Weeks, JC, Cook, EF, O'Day, SJ, et al. Relationship between cancer patients' predictions of prognosis and their treatment preferences. JAMA. 1998; 279(21):17091714.Google Scholar
Temel, JS, Greer, JA, Admane, S, et al. Longitudinal perceptions of prognosis and goals of therapy in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: results of a randomized study of early palliative care. J Clin Oncol. 2011; 29(17):23192326.Google Scholar
Temel, JS, Greer, JA, Muzikansky, A, et al. Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363(8):733742.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, C, Swami, N, Krzyzanowska, M, et al. Early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014; 383(9930):17211730.Google Scholar
Bakitas, M, Lyons, KD, Hegel, MT, et al. Effects of a palliative care intervention on clinical outcomes in patients with advanced cancer: the Project ENABLE II randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009; 302(7):741749.Google Scholar
Bakitas, MA, Tosteson, TD, Li, Z, et al. Early versus delayed initiation of concurrent palliative oncology care: patient outcomes in the ENABLE III randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33(13):14381445.Google Scholar
Dionne-Odom, JN, Azuero, A, Lyons, KD, et al. Benefits of early versus delayed palliative care to informal family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: outcomes from the ENABLE III randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33(13):14461452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Von Roenn, JH, Temel, J. The integration of palliative care and oncology: the evidence. Oncology (Williston Park). 2011; 25(13):12581260, 1262, 12641265.Google Scholar
El-Jawahri, A, Greer, JA, Temel, JS. Does palliative care improve outcomes for patients with incurable illness? A review of the evidence. J Support Oncol. 2011; 9(3):8794.Google Scholar
National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization. 2005. www.nhpco.org/sites/default/files/public/Statistics_Research/2015_Facts_Figures.pdf (Accessed July 27, 2017).Google Scholar
US Department of Health and Human Services. Medicaid CfMa. 2015. www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Guidance/Manuals/downloads/bp102c09.pdf (Accessed October 2017).Google Scholar
Christakis, NA, Lamont, EB. Extent and determinants of error in doctors' prognoses in terminally ill patients: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2000; 320(7233):469472.Google Scholar
Smith, AK, Earle, CC, McCarthy, EP. Racial and ethnic differences in end-of-life care in fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with advanced cancer. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009; 57(1):153158.Google Scholar
McCarthy, EP, Burns, RB, Ngo-Metzger, Q, Davis, RB, Phillips, RS. Hospice use among Medicare managed care and fee-for-service patients dying with cancer. JAMA. 2003; 289(17):22382245.Google Scholar
Connor, SR, Pyenson, B, Fitch, K, Spence, C, Iwasaki, K. Comparing hospice and nonhospice patient survival among patients who die within a three-year window. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007; 33(3):238246.Google Scholar
Singer, PA, Martin, DK, Kelner, M. Quality end-of-life care: patients' perspectives. JAMA. 1999; 281(2):163168.Google Scholar
Steinhauser, KE, Christakis, NA, Clipp, EC, et al. Factors considered important at the end of life by patients, family, physicians, and other care providers. JAMA. 2000; 284(19):24762482.Google Scholar
Breidung, R. [Incidence of pain in elderly patients. A questionnaire survey of healthy members of a senior citizen meeting]. Fortschr Med. 1996; 114(13):153156.Google Scholar
Achterberg, WP, Gambassi, G, Finne-Soveri, H, et al. Pain in European long-term care facilities: cross-national study in Finland, Italy and The Netherlands. Pain 2010; 148(1):7074.Google Scholar
Breuer, B, Chang, VT, Von Roenn, JH, et al. How well do medical oncologists manage chronic cancer pain? A national survey. Oncologist. 2015; 20(2):202209.Google Scholar
Brown, JA, Von Roenn, JH. Symptom management in the older adult. Clin Geriatr Med. 2004; 20(4):621640, vvi.Google Scholar
Buss, MK, Lessen, DS, Sullivan, AM, et al. Hematology/oncology fellows' training in palliative care: results of a national survey. Cancer. 2011; 117(18):43044311.Google Scholar
Currow, DC, Plummer, JL, Crockett, A, Abernethy, AP. A community population survey of prevalence and severity of dyspnea in adults. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2009; 38(4):533545.Google Scholar
Abernethy, AP, McDonald, CF, Frith, PA, et al. Effect of palliative oxygen versus room air in relief of breathlessness in patients with refractory dyspnoea: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2010; 376(9743):784793.Google Scholar
Abernethy, AP, Currow, DC, Frith, P, et al. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of sustained release morphine for the management of refractory dyspnoea. BMJ. 2003; 327(7414):523528.Google Scholar
Currow, DC, Abernethy, AP. Potential opioid-sparing effect of regular benzodiazepines in dyspnea: longer duration of studies needed. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2010; 40(5):e1e2; author reply e-4.Google Scholar
Bush, SH, Bruera, E, Lawlor, PG, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for delirium management: potential application in palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2014; 48(2):249258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breitbart, W, Gibson, C, Tremblay, A. The delirium experience: delirium recall and delirium-related distress in hospitalized patients with cancer, their spouses/caregivers, and their nurses. Psychosomatics. 2002; 43(3):183194.Google Scholar
Morita, T, Akechi, T, Ikenaga, M, et al. Terminal delirium: recommendations from bereaved families' experiences. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007; 34(6):579589.Google Scholar
Brown, E, Henderson, A, McDonagh, A. Exploring the causes, assessment and management of constipation in palliative care. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2009; 15(2):5864.Google Scholar
Kumar, L, Barker, C, Emmanuel, A. Opioid-induced constipation: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and management. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2014; 2014:141737.Google Scholar
Thomas, J, Karver, S, Cooney, GA, et al. Methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation in advanced illness. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358(22):23322343.Google Scholar
Berenstein, EG, Ortiz, Z. Megestrol acetate for the treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005(2):CD004310.Google Scholar
Yennurajalingam, S, Frisbee-Hume, S, Palmer, JL, et al. Reduction of cancer-related fatigue with dexamethasone: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31(25):30763082.Google Scholar
Belendiuk, KA, Baldini, LL, Bonn-Miller, MO. Narrative review of the safety and efficacy of marijuana for the treatment of commonly state-approved medical and psychiatric disorders. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2015; 10(1):10.Google Scholar
Marinol New Drug Application. www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/05n0479/05N-0479-emc0004-04.pdf (Accessed July 18, 2017).Google Scholar

References

Etzioni, DA, Liu, JH, Maggard, MA, Ko, CY. The aging population and its impact on the surgery workforce. Ann Surgery. 2003; 238(2):170177.Google Scholar
Etzioni, DA, Liu, JH, O'Connell, JB, Maggard, MA, Ko, CY. Elderly patients in surgical workloads: a population-based analysis. Am Surg. 2003; 69(11):961965.Google Scholar
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America; Kohn, LT, Corrigan, JM, Donaldson, MS, eds. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 2000.Google Scholar
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 2001.Google Scholar
Burwell, SM. Setting value-based payment goals: HHS efforts to improve U.S. health care. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372(10):897899.Google Scholar
Codman, EA. The Shoulder: Rupture of the Supraspinatus Tendon and Other Lesions in or about the Subacromial Bursa. Boston, MA, T. Todd Company, 1934.Google Scholar
Hannan, EL, Kilburn, H Jr., O'Donnell, JF, Lukacik, G, Shields, EP. Adult open heart surgery in New York State: an analysis of risk factors and hospital mortality rates. JAMA. 1990; 264(21):27682774.Google Scholar
Hannan, EL, Kilburn, H Jr., Racz, M, Shields, E, Chassin, MR. Improving the outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery in New York State. JAMA. 1994; 271(10):761766.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
New York State Department of Health. Hospital-Acquired Infections: New York State 2012. Albany, NY, New York State Department of Health, 2013.Google Scholar
Glance, LG, Neuman, M, Martinez, EA, Pauker, KY, Dutton, RP. Performance measurement at a “tipping point.” Anesth Analg. 2011; 112(4):958966.Google Scholar
Moscucci, M. Public reporting of percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes: harm or benefit? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015; 65(11):11271129.Google Scholar
Tsai, TC, Joynt, KE, Orav, EJ, Gawande, AA, Jha, AK. Variation in surgical-readmission rates and quality of hospital care. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369(12):11341142.Google Scholar
Tsai, TC, Orav, EJ, Jha, AK. Patient satisfaction and quality of surgical care in US hospitals. Ann Surg. 2015; 261(1):28.Google Scholar
Joynt, KE, Jha, AK. Characteristics of hospitals receiving penalties under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program. JAMA. 2013; 309(4):342343.Google Scholar
Krumholz, HM, Lin, Z, Keenan, PS, et al. Relationship between hospital readmission and mortality rates for patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or pneumonia. JAMA. 2013; 309(6):587593.Google Scholar
Chassin, MR, Loeb, JM, Schmaltz, SP, Wachter, RM. Accountability measures–using measurement to promote quality improvement. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363(7):683688.Google Scholar
[No authors listed] A randomized trial of propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction. I. Mortality results. JAMA. 1982; 247(12):17071714.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, SS, McCarter, RJ, Vogel, RA. Effect of beta-blockade on mortality among high-risk and low-risk patients after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339(8):489497.Google Scholar
Werner, RM, Bradlow, ET. Relationship between Medicare's hospital compare performance measures and mortality rates. JAMA. 2006; 296(22):26942702.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaneyfelt, TM, Centor, RM. Reassessment of clinical practice guidelines: go gently into that good night. JAMA. 2009; 301(8):868869.Google Scholar
Mehta, RH, Chen, AY, Alexander, KP, et al. Doing the right things and doing them the right way: the association between hospital guideline adherence, dosing safety, and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome. Circulation. 2015; 131(11):980987.Google Scholar
Hamel, MB, Henderson, WG, Khuri, SF, Daley, J. Surgical outcomes for patients aged 80 and older: morbidity and mortality from major noncardiac surgery. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005; 53(3):424429.Google Scholar
Fried, TR, Bradley, EH, Towle, VR, Allore, H. Understanding the treatment preferences of seriously ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346(14):10611066.Google Scholar
Levant, S, Chari, K, DeFrances, CJ. Hospitalizations for patients aged 85 and over in the United States, 2000–2010. NCHS Data Brief. 2015; 182:18.Google Scholar
Arora, VM, Johnson, M, Olson, J, et al. Using assessing care of vulnerable elders quality indicators to measure quality of hospital care for vulnerable elders. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007; 55(11):17051711.Google Scholar
Wenger, NS, Roth, CP, Shekelle, P, Investigators, A. Introduction to the assessing care of vulnerable elders-3 quality indicator measurement set. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007; 55(Suppl 2):S247S252.Google Scholar
McGory, ML, Shekelle, PG, Rubenstein, LZ, Fink, A, Ko, CY. Developing quality indicators for elderly patients undergoing abdominal operations. J Am Coll Surg. 2005; 201(6):870883.Google Scholar
Robinson, TN, Rosenthal, RA. The ACS NSQIP Geriatric Surgery Pilot Project: improving care for older surgical patients. Bull Am Coll Surg. 2014; 99(10):21.Google Scholar
Chow, WB, Rosenthal, RA, Merkow, RP, et al.; American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Optimal preoperative assessment of the geriatric surgical patient: a best practices guideline from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Coll Surg. 2012; 215(4):453466.Google Scholar
Chen, CL, Lin, GA, Bardach, NS, et al. Preoperative medical testing in Medicare patients undergoing cataract surgery. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372(16):15301538.Google Scholar
Makary, MA, Segev, DL, Pronovost, PJ, et al. Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2010; 210(6):901908.Google Scholar
Kwok, AC, Lipsitz, SR, Bader, AM, Gawande, AA. Are targeted preoperative risk prediction tools more powerful? A test of models for emergency colon surgery in the very elderly. J Am Coll Surg. 2011; 213(2):220225.Google Scholar
Committee on Standards and Practise Parameters; Apfelbaum, JL, Connis, RT, Nickinovich, DG, et al. Practice advisory for preanesthesia evaluation: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preanesthesia Evaluation. Anesthesiology. 2012; 116(3):522538.Google Scholar
Silveira, MJ, Kim, SY, Langa, KM. Advance directives and outcomes of surrogate decision making before death. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362(13):12111218.Google Scholar
Barnet, CS, Arriaga, AF, Hepner, DL, et al. Surgery at the end of life: a pilot study comparing decedents and survivors at a tertiary care center. Anesthesiology. 2013; 119(4):796801.Google Scholar
Gawande, AA, Kwaan, MR, Regenbogen, SE, Lipsitz, SA, Zinner, MJ. An Apgar score for surgery. J Am Coll Surg. 2007; 204(2):201208.Google Scholar
Bentrem, DJ, Cohen, ME, Hynes, DM, Ko, CY, Bilimoria, KY. Identification of specific quality improvement opportunities for the elderly undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Arch Surg. 2009; 144(11):10131020.Google Scholar
Legner, VJ, Massarweh, NN, Symons, RG, McCormick, WC, Flum, DR. The significance of discharge to skilled care after abdominopelvic surgery in older adults. Ann Surg. 2009; 249(2):250255.Google Scholar
Bergman, S, Martelli, V, Monette, M, et al. Identification of quality of care deficiencies in elderly surgical patients by measuring adherence to process-based quality indicators. J Am Coll Surg. 2013; 217(5):858866.Google Scholar
McGory, ML, Kao, KK, Shekelle, PG, et al. Developing quality indicators for elderly surgical patients. Ann Surg. 2009; 250(2):338347.Google Scholar
Boccuti, C, Casillas, G. Aiming for Fewer Hospital U-turns: The Medicare Hospital Readmission Reduction Program. Menlo Park, CA, The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2015.Google Scholar
Merkow, RP, Ju, MH, Chung, JW, et al. Underlying reasons associated with hospital readmission following surgery in the United States. JAMA. 2015; 313(5):483495.Google Scholar
Newman, S, Stygall, J, Hirani, S, Shaefi, S, Maze, M. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after noncardiac surgery: a systematic review. Anesthesiology. 2007; 106(3):572590.Google Scholar
Redmann, AJ, Brasel, KJ, Alexander, CG, Schwarze, ML. Use of advance directives for high-risk operations: a national survey of surgeons. Ann Surg. 2012; 255(3):418423.Google Scholar
Glance, LG, Osler, TM, Neuman, MD. Redesigning surgical decision making for high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(15):13791381.Google Scholar
Carli, F, Scheede-Bergdahl, C. Prehabilitation to enhance perioperative care. Anesthesiol Clin. 2015; 33(1):1733.Google Scholar
Ziewacz, JE, Arriaga, AF, Bader, AM, et al. Crisis checklists for the operating room: development and pilot testing. J Am Coll Surg. 2011; 213(2):212217.e10.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×