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1 - Approaching Luther

from CRITICAL INTRODUCTION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2015

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Summary

Noch vor dreissig Jahren erfuhr es keinen Widerspruch, als Johann Baptist Say den Werth einer Geschichte der politischen Oekonomie mit den Worten läugnete: ‘Sie ist weiter nichts, als die Darstellung der mehr oder minder gelungenen, zu verschiedenen Zeiten und an verschiedenen Orten wiederholten Versuche, die Wahrheiten, woraus sie besteht, zu sammeln und festzustellen. Was würde es uns helfen, abgeschmackte Meinungen und mit Recht verrufene Lehren zusammen zu tragen? Dieselben zu Tage zu fördern, wäre ebenso unnütz als langweilig’. Dieser Ausspruch war die einfache Folge der damaligen Ansicht von der absoluten Wahrheit der neueren national-ökonomischen Theorie, welche man, losgerissen von allem geschichtlichen Boden, von allen Bedingungen des Raums, der Zeit und der Nationalität, als eine rein aus den Principien des Verstandes gefolgerte Summe von Wahrheiten betrachtete, deren Verständniss allen früheren Geschlechtern verschlossen, die aber einmal aufgestellt und entwickelt, für alle Zeiten und Völker wahr und in sich geschlossen sein sollten.

Die Reformation des 16. Jahrhunderts musste vorhergehen, ehe im 18. und 19ten die Dampfmaschine erfunden werden und die National-Oekonomie als selbstständige Wissenschaft erfasst werden konnte. Nicht nur für Kant und Hegel, auch für Adam Smith und die grossen Geister im Gebiete der technischen Erfindungen bildet – so paradox es klingen mag – die nothwendige Voraussetzung die deutsche Reformation.

[As recently as 30 years ago, no one would have objected when John Baptist Say denied a history of political economy its relevance by saying that it was ‘nothing more than a compilation with mixed success of past attempts during various times and locations at finding and collecting the eternal economic truths. What help would it be to collect old vulgar and tasteless opinions and theories that had rightly been refuted? Tracing them would be as useless as it would be boring’. This uttering was the expression of a simple consequence of the prevailing idea that current economic theory would have universal currency as an inherent truth, detached from its historical context and conditions of space, time and nationality; a sum of truths and laws derived purely from principles of reason, from which our ancestors had been precluded but which – once they had been discovered and fully developed – would attain universal truth for all times and peoples as a closed theory.

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Publisher: Anthem Press
Print publication year: 2015

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