Detels, R., et al., The incidence and correlates of symptomatic and asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in selected populations in five countries. Sex Transm Dis, 2011. 38(6): pp. 503–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McCormack, W.M., et al., Clinical spectrum of gonococcal infection in women. Lancet, 1977. 1(8023): pp. 1182–5.Google ScholarPubMed

Rana, P., et al., Ectopic pregnancy: a review. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2013. 288(4): pp. 747–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Westrom, L., et al., Pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility. A cohort study of 1,844 women with laparoscopically verified disease and 657 control women with normal laparoscopic results. Sex Transm Dis, 1992. 19(4): p. 185–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brunham, R.C., Immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis. J Infect Dis, 2013. 207(12): pp. 1796–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2012. December 2013, Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: www.cdc.gov/std/stats12/surv2012.pdf. Accessed Dec. 15, 2015.Google Scholar

Datta, S.D., et al., Gonorrhea and chlamydia in the United States among persons 14 to 39 years of age, 1999 to 2002. Ann Intern Med, 2007. 147(2): pp. 89–96. Available at: www.cdc.gov/std/stats12/surv2012.pdf. Accessed Dec. 8, 2015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance. 2012 [cited 2014]. Available at: www.cdc.gov/std/stats12/tables/21.htm. Accessed Oct. 18, 2014.Google Scholar

Geisler, W.M., Diagnosis and management of uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents and adults: summary of evidence reviewed for the 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. Clin Infect Dis, 2011. 53(Suppl 3): pp. S92–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. MMWR, 2014. 63(Rr-2): pp. 1–24.Google Scholar

Peters, R.P., et al., Screening of oropharynx and anorectum increases prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in female STD clinic visitors. Sex Transm Dis, 2011. 38(9): pp. 783–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Trebach, J.D.1, et al., Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis among women reporting extragenital exposures. Sex Transm Dis, 2015 May. 42(5): pp. 233–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gaydos, C.A., et al., Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection rates among female adolescents seeking rescreening in school-based health centers. Sex Transm Dis, 2008. 35(3): pp. 233–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Update to CDC’s sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010: oral cephalosporins no longer a recommended treatment for gonococcal infections. MMWR, 2012. 61(31): pp. 590–4.Google Scholar

Workowski, K.A. and Berman, S., Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep, 2010. 59(Rr-12): pp. 1–110.Google ScholarPubMed

National Institutes of Health, Efficacy of Combination Therapies for Gonorrhea Treatment. [Clinical Trial]. Available at: www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00926796?term=gemifloxacin&cond=gonorrhea&rank=1. Accessed Dec. 8, 2015.Google Scholar

Taylor, B.D., et al., Microbial correlates of delayed care for pelvic inflammatory disease. Sex Transm Dis, 2011. 38(5): pp. 434–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Oakeshott, P., et al., Randomised controlled trial of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease: the POPI (prevention of pelvic infection) trial. BMJ, 2010. 340: p. c1642.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Tubal infertility: serologic relationship to past chlamydial and gonococcal infection. World Health Organization Task Force on the Prevention and Management of Infertility. Sex Transm Dis, 1995. 22(2): pp. 71–7.Google Scholar

Jacobson, L. and Westrom, L., Objectivized diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Diagnostic and prognostic value of routine laparoscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1969. 105(7): pp. 1088–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mitchell, C. and Prabhu, M., Pelvic inflammatory disease: current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 2013. 27(4): pp. 793–809.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Tepper, N.K., et al., Retention of intrauterine devices in women who acquire pelvic inflammatory disease: a systematic review. Contraception, 2013. 87(5): pp. 655–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schulte, J.M., et al., HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence in the United States among asymptomatic women unaware of any herpes simplex virus infection (Herpevac Trial for Women). South Med J, 2014. 107(2): pp. 79–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schillinger, J.A., et al., National seroprevalence and trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 in the United States, 1976–1994. Sex Transm Dis, 2004. 31(12): pp. 753–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bernstein, D.I., et al., Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and antibody response to primary infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in young women. Clin Infect Dis, 2013. 56(3): pp. 344–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Blank, H. and Haines, H.G., Experimental human reinfection with herpes simplex virus. J Invest Dermatol, 1973. 61(4): pp. 223–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wald, A., et al., Knowledge of partners’ genital herpes protects against herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition. J Infect Dis, 2006. 194(1): pp. 42–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Langenberg, A.G., et al., A prospective study of new infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. Chiron HSV Vaccine Study Group. N Engl J Med, 1999. 341(19): pp. 1432–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Benedetti, J., Corey, L., and Ashley, R., Recurrence rates in genital herpes after symptomatic first-episode infection. Ann Intern Med, 1994. 121(11): p. 847–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Engelberg, R., et al., Natural history of genital herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Sex Transm Dis, 2003. 30(2): pp. 174–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Reeves, W.C., et al., Risk of recurrence after first episodes of genital herpes. Relation to HSV type and antibody response. N Engl J Med, 1981. 305(6): pp. 315–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Corey, L., et al., Genital herpes simplex virus infections: clinical manifestations, course, and complications. Ann Intern Med, 1983. 98(6): pp. 958–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gupta, R., et al., Valacyclovir and acyclovir for suppression of shedding of herpes simplex virus in the genital tract. J Infect Dis, 2004. 190(8): pp. 1374–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wald, A. and Ashley-Morrow, R., Serological testing for herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2 infection. Clin Infect Dis, 2002. 35(Suppl 2): pp. S173–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mertz, G.J., et al., Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of oral acyclovir in first-episode genital herpes simplex virus infection. JAMA, 1984. 252(9): pp. 1147–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Martin, E.T., et al., A pooled analysis of the effect of condoms in preventing HSV-2 acquisition. Arch Intern Med, 2009. 169(13): pp. 1233–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Corey, L., et al., Once-daily valacyclovir to reduce the risk of transmission of genital herpes. N Engl J Med, 2004. 350(1): pp. 11–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Perry, C.M. and Faulds, D., Valaciclovir: a review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in herpesvirus infections. Drugs, 1996. 52(5): pp. 754–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Perry, C.M. and Wagstaff, A.J., Famciclovir: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in herpesvirus infections. Drugs, 1995. 50(2): pp. 396–415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brown, Z.A., et al., Genital herpes complicating pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 2005. 106(4): pp. 845–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. No. 82 June 2007. Management of herpes in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 109(6): pp. 1489–98.Google Scholar

Summary of notifiable diseases – United States, 2010. MMWR, 2012. 59(53): pp. 1–111.Google Scholar

Kaplan, J.E., et al., Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep, 2009. 58(Rr-4): pp. 1–207; quiz CE1–4.Google Scholar

Patton, M.E., et al., Primary and secondary syphilis – United States, 2005–2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2014. 63(18): pp. 402–6.Google ScholarPubMed

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Ayers, J., Treponemal pallidum spirochete (image number 2392) accessed from CDC Public Health Image Library. Available at: http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp?pid=2392. 1969. Accessed Dec. 13, 2015.Google Scholar

Calonge, N., Screening for syphilis infection: recommendation statement. Ann Fam Med, 2004. 2(4): pp. 362–5.Google ScholarPubMed

Syphilis testing algorithms using treponemal tests for initial screening – four laboratories, New York City, 2005–2006. MMWR, 2008. 57(32): pp. 872–5.Google Scholar

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Ayers, J., Vulvar condyloma lata (image number 11256) accessed from CDC Public Health Image Library. Available at: http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp?pid=11256. 1969. Accessed Dec. 13, 2015.Google Scholar

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers. 2010 [cited 2014]. Available from: www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/genital-ulcers.htm-syphilis. Accessed Aug. 15, 2014.Google Scholar

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Management of Persons Who Have a History of Penicillin Allergy. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2010 [cited 2014]. Available at: www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/penicillin-allergy.htm. Accessed Aug. 15, 2014.Google Scholar

Roett, M.A., Mayor, M.T., and Uduhiri, K.A., Diagnosis and management of genital ulcers. Am Fam Physician, 2012. 85(3): pp. 254–62.Google ScholarPubMed

Nelson, E.L. and Stockdale, C.K., Vulvar and vaginal HPV disease. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 2013. 40(2): pp. 359–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Campos-Outcalt, D., HPV vaccine is now routinely indicated for males. J Fam Pract, 2012. 61(1): p. 38–40.Google ScholarPubMed

Korostil, I.A., et al., Near elimination of genital warts in Australia predicted with extension of human papillomavirus vaccination to males. Sex Transm Dis, 2013. 40(11): pp. 833–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mortensen, G.L. and Larsen, H.K., The quality of life of patients with genital warts: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 2010. 10: p. 113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hammarlund, K. and Nystrom, M., The lived experience of genital warts: the Swedish example. Health Care Women Int, 2004. 25(5): pp. 489–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wiley, D.J., et al., External genital warts: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Clin Infect Dis, 2002. 35(Suppl 2): pp. S210–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Vender, R., et al., Therapeutic options for external genital warts. J Cutan Med Surg, 2013. 17(Suppl 2): pp. S61–7.Google ScholarPubMed

Sutton, M., et al., The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among reproductive-age women in the United States, 2001–2004. Clin Infect Dis, 2007. 45(10): pp. 1319–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Van Der Pol, B., et al., Prevalence, incidence, natural history, and response to treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among adolescent women. J Infect Dis, 2005. 192(12): pp. 2039–44.Google ScholarPubMed

Krieger, J.N., et al., Diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Comparison of conventional wet-mount examination with cytologic studies, cultures, and monoclonal antibody staining of direct specimens. JAMA, 1988. 259(8): pp. 1223–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Van Der Pol, B., Kraft, C.S., and Williams, J.A., Use of an adaptation of a commercially available PCR assay aimed at diagnosis of chlamydia and gonorrhea to detect Trichomonas vaginalis in urogenital specimens. J Clin Microbiol, 2006. 44(2): pp. 366–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Caro-Paton, T., et al., Is metronidazole teratogenic? A meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1997. 44(2): pp. 179–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Klebanoff, M.A., et al., Failure of metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery among pregnant women with asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis infection. N Engl J Med, 2001. 345(7): pp. 487–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

World Health Organization, HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet No. 360. 2014 [cited 2014]. Available at: www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en. Accessed Dec. 11, 2014.Google Scholar

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors – National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Men Who Have Sex With Men, 20 U.S. Cities, 2011. HIV Surveillance Special Report 8. 2014. Published September [cited 2014]. Available at: www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/surveillance/-special. Accessed Dec. 11, 2014.Google Scholar

US Preventive Services Task Force, Final Recommendation Statement: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening. December 2014. 2013 April [cited 2014]. Available at: www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening. Accessed Dec. 13, 2014.Google Scholar

Health Human Services, Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant HIV-1-Infected Women for Maternal Health and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States. 2014 [cited 2014]. Available at: http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/perinatalgl.pdf. Accessed Dec. 14, 2014.Google Scholar

World Health Organization, Guidelines on HIV and Infant Feeding 2010: Principles and Recommendations for Infant Feeding in the Context of HIV and a Summary of Evidence [cited 2014]. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599535_eng.pdf?ua=1. Accessed Dec. 13, 2014.Google Scholar

O’Connor, E.A., et al., Behavioral sexual risk-reduction counseling in primary care to prevent sexually transmitted infections: an updated systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

LeFevre, M.L., Behavioral counseling interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garland, S.M. and Steben, M., Genital herpes. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2014 Oct. 28(7): pp. 1098–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed