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3 - Is rain fractal?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2010

I. Zawadzki
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Québec in Montréal, Canada
Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz
Affiliation:
World Meteorological Organization, Geneva
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Summary

ABSTRACT Some scaling properties of the distribution of rain rate in space are investigated. The scales of concern range from the radar coverage range (of the order of 400 km) down to individual raindrops. Preliminary results show that over this wide range of scales rain fields exhibit: preferential scales in the range of a few tens of kilometers; behaviour compatible with multifractal structure between scales of 0.5 to 12 km and some clustering properties of the distribution of the small raindrops in space probably related to raindrop collisions and breakup.

INTRODUCTION

Rain rate fields exhibit variability at all scales down to individual raindrops. In this sense the answer to the title question is positive. However, our interest focuses more on restrictive properties, such as scale invariance, that could serve in modelling the process. One should not expect the restrictive properties (if they exist) to extend uniformly over all scales of the rainfall fields. On scales smaller then the size of individual cumulus turbulence probably prevails in determining the distribution of water substance. On larger scales other phenomena will affect markedly the distribution of precipitation in space. For example, orography (including the distribution of humidity sources) plays undoubtedly a role in organizing convective elements.

The ability to study rain at all scales is limited. A single radar does not cover a typical precipitation system. Quantitative data from networks of radars covering extended areas are now only becoming operational.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1995

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  • Is rain fractal?
    • By I. Zawadzki, Department of Physics, University of Québec in Montréal, Canada
  • Edited by Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva
  • Book: New Uncertainty Concepts in Hydrology and Water Resources
  • Online publication: 07 May 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511564482.010
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  • Is rain fractal?
    • By I. Zawadzki, Department of Physics, University of Québec in Montréal, Canada
  • Edited by Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva
  • Book: New Uncertainty Concepts in Hydrology and Water Resources
  • Online publication: 07 May 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511564482.010
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Is rain fractal?
    • By I. Zawadzki, Department of Physics, University of Québec in Montréal, Canada
  • Edited by Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva
  • Book: New Uncertainty Concepts in Hydrology and Water Resources
  • Online publication: 07 May 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511564482.010
Available formats
×