Other chapters in this volume have examined specific dimensions of restructured welfare work. Here we return to reflect on larger questions around the managerialist regimes of ‘strenuous welfarism’. Our conception of strenuous welfarism attempts to capture the new ascetic work regime that often operates through ‘control at a distance’ to intensify individual effort and raise ‘productivity’ overall (see Chapter Two). In this chapter, we reconsider the intellectual underpinnings and genesis of strenuous welfarism in Third Way thinking and New Labour ‘modernisation’ (see Chapters One and Two). We then use this opportunity to reflect on the internal modulation of strenuous welfarism as it emerged in the workplace case studies in this book. In response to more flexibly intensive work regimes, workers ‘exit’, leaving their employer or even the sector altogether; or they stay ‘loyal’ to the organisation and the profession through the internalisation of the service ethos and managerial norms; or, finally, they engage in overt and covert forms of resistance, in the process confronting the tensions symptomatic of social neoliberalism. We then speculate about new tendencies and dynamics emerging from worker discontent with strenuous welfarism. A space is opening up for the sectional struggles of workers to reach out to other constituencies such as user groups, grassroots campaigns, new social movements and other political allies that wish to support and expand public services. These new social solidarities are also indicators of the way that class is being re-composed, not as a passive process but through dynamic altercations with New Labour's project for strenuous welfarism and the decomposition of collectivities.