Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface and Acknowledgments
- Introduction: “A City upon a Hill”
- PART ONE THE ORIGINS OF THE SECURITY ETHOS, 1688–1919
- 1 Commerce, Expansion, and Republican Virtue
- 2 The First National Security State
- PART TWO INTERNATIONALISM AND CONTAINMENT, 1919–1973
- PART THREE THE AGE OF STRATEGIC GLOBALISM, 1973–2001
- PART FOUR THE BUSH DOCTRINE
- Conclusion: The Security Ethos and Civic Virtue
- Select Bibliography
- Index
- References
2 - The First National Security State
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface and Acknowledgments
- Introduction: “A City upon a Hill”
- PART ONE THE ORIGINS OF THE SECURITY ETHOS, 1688–1919
- 1 Commerce, Expansion, and Republican Virtue
- 2 The First National Security State
- PART TWO INTERNATIONALISM AND CONTAINMENT, 1919–1973
- PART THREE THE AGE OF STRATEGIC GLOBALISM, 1973–2001
- PART FOUR THE BUSH DOCTRINE
- Conclusion: The Security Ethos and Civic Virtue
- Select Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
Today the United States is practically sovereign on this continent, and its fiat is law upon the subjects to which it confines its interposition.
Richard Olney, 1895[Roosevelt is] clearly insane…and insanest upon war and its supreme glories.
Mark TwainAmerican institutions are on trial before a court of American citizens.
Eugene V. Debs, 1918From the vantage point of the twenty-first century, it is evident that there was more certainty than contingency in the emergence of the United States as a great power in the 1890s. Advocates of an international presence for the United States were hopeful of building their imperial dreams on the dynamic growth of capital and industry at home. For those living through that tumultuous time, however, the growth of American power did not seem inevitable. For many, the 1890s were fundamentally a time of passionate conflict about what it meant to be an American and the critical importance of basic values to the conduct of public affairs.
Three Americans who were born within a two-year span – Theodore Roosevelt in 1858 and William Jennings Bryan and Charlotte Perkins (Gilman) in 1860 – had markedly contrasting ideas about identity and values. Add to the list the slightly older Eugene V. Debs (1855), and the spectrum of views reflects contemporary thinking about modernity and industry in a global imperial age.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- National Security and Core Values in American History , pp. 45 - 72Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009
References
, The American Search for Opportunity, 1865–1913 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 1–128Google Scholar
, Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006)Google Scholar
., The Warrior and the Priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983)Google Scholar
, Rough Rider in the White House: Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Desire (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003)Google Scholar
, Democratic Promise: The Populist Moment in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1976)Google Scholar
, A Godly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006), 21, 24, 26, 36Google Scholar
, The Roots of the Modern American Empire: A Study of the Growth and Shaping of Social Consciousness in a Marketplace Society (New York: Random House, 1969), 299, 387, 391–2Google Scholar
, No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880–1920 (New York: Pantheon Books, 1981), 11Google Scholar
, Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The Making of a Radical Feminist, 1860–1896 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1980), 167–82Google Scholar
, Women and Economics: A Study of the Economic Relation between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution, ed. with an introduction by (New York: Harper & Row, 1966), 117–21Google Scholar
, Eugene V. Debs: Citizen and Socialist (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982), 99–108Google Scholar
, The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions, ed. (New York: Random House, 1961), 28–31Google Scholar
, Making America Corporate, 1870–1920 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), 150–73Google Scholar
, Dominance by Design: Technological Imperatives and America's Civilizing Mission (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006), 96–108CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, The Plains Sioux and U.S. Colonialism from Lewis and Clark to Wounded Knee (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 289–337Google Scholar
, The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983)Google Scholar
, James G. Blaine and Latin America (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001), 1–16Google Scholar
, Admirals, Generals, and American Foreign Policy, 1898–1914 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973), 11Google Scholar
, Trade and Gunboats: The United States and Brazil in the Age of Empire (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996), 2Google Scholar
, The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion, 1860–1898 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1963), 121–7Google Scholar
, The Paranoid Style in American Politics and Other Essays (New York: Vintage Books, 1967), 158Google Scholar
, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1895 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1896), I: 551Google Scholar
., The War of 1898: The United States and Cuba in History and Historiography (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 34–44Google Scholar
et al., eds., The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, vol. I: The Years of Preparation, 1868–1898 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1951), 504
, ed., The Library of Oratory, Ancient and Modern (London: Globe Publishing Co., 1902), 439
, The Strenuous Life: Essays and Addresses (London: Thomas Nelson & Sons, n.d. [1902?]), 266
et al., eds., The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, vol. III: The Square Deal, 1901–1903 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1951), 60
, Twelve against Empire: The Anti-Imperialists, 1898–1900 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968)Google Scholar
and , eds., Essays of William Graham Sumner, 2 vols. (Hamden: Archon Books, 1969), II: 297
, Labor and the Course of American Democracy: US History in Latin American Perspective (London: Verso, 1996), 53Google Scholar
, Insurgent Cuba: Race, Nation, and Revolution, 1868–1898 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999)Google Scholar
., Cuba between Two Empires, 1878–1902 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1983), 170–8Google Scholar
, The Martial Spirit: A Study of Our War with Spain (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1931), 362Google Scholar
, Drive to Hegemony: The United States in the Caribbean 1898–1917 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988), 47Google Scholar
., Cuba under the Platt Amendment, 1902–1934 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1986)Google Scholar
, The Politics of Intervention: The Military Occupation of Cuba, 1906–1909 (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1968), 122–33, 222–7Google Scholar
, The Impact of Intervention: The Dominican Republic during the U.S. Occupation of 1916–1924 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1984), 54–62Google Scholar
, Taking Haiti: Military Occupation and the Culture of U.S. Imperialism, 1915–1940 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 31–2Google Scholar
, The New World Power: American Foreign Policy, 1898–1917 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002), 110Google Scholar
, “Benevolent Assimilation”: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899–1903 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), 131Google Scholar
, “United States Indian Policy and the Debate over Philippine Annexation: Implications for the Origins of American Imperialism,” Journal of American History 66 (March 1980): 810–31CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, The U.S. Army and Counterinsurgency in the Philippine War, 1899–1902 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989)Google Scholar
, The United States as a Developing Country: Studies in U.S. History in the Progressive Era and the 1920s (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 119–23, 129–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, The Danger of Dreams: German and American Imperialism in Latin America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999), 21–7Google Scholar
, “Smoked Yankees” and the Struggle for Empire: Letters from Negro Soldiers, 1898–1902 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971)Google Scholar
, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1912 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1919), xGoogle Scholar
, “Willard Straight and the Paradox of Liberal Imperialism,” Pacific Historical Review 66 (August 1997): 363–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , Dollar Diplomacy: A Study in American Imperialism (New York: B. W. Huebsch, 1925), 50Google Scholar
et al., eds., The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, vol. 34: July 21–September 30, 1915 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980), 208, 209
, Wilson: The Struggle for Neutrality, 1914–1915 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960), 479Google Scholar
et al., eds., Papers of Woodrow Wilson, vol. 28: 1913 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978), 451
, The Western Hemisphere Idea: Its Rise and Decline (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1954), 123Google Scholar
, “Embarrassed Monarchist: Frank J. Goodnow and Constitutional Development in China, 1913–1915,” Pacific Historical Review 42 (November 1973): 499–517CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, World War I and the Origins of Civil Liberties in the United States (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1979)Google Scholar
, Hold Fast the Inner Lines: Democracy, Nationalism, and the Committee on Public Information (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980)Google Scholar
., Aliens and Dissenters: Federal Suppression of Radicals, 1903–1933 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963), 142 ffGoogle Scholar
, The Progressive Historians: Turner, Beard, Parrington (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968), 285–7Google Scholar
, The American Revisionists: The Lessons of Intervention in World War I (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967), 18Google Scholar
Divided Lives: American Women in the Twentieth Century (New York: Hill and Wang, 1992), 71–2Google Scholar
, Grass-Roots Socialism: Radical Movements in the Southwest, 1895–1943 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1978), 357–68Google Scholar
, War and the Intellectuals: Collected Essays, 1915–1919, ed. with an introduction by (New York: Harper & Row, 1964), 71Google Scholar
, The American Mission and the “Evil Empire”: The Crusade for a “Free Russia” since 1881 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 34–59Google Scholar
, Changing the World: American Progressives in War and Revolution (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003), 270Google Scholar
et al., eds., Papers of Woodrow Wilson, vol. 56: March 17–April 4, 1919 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987), 247
, Woodrow Wilson and World Politics: America's Response to War and Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968)Google Scholar
, Manifest Destiny: American Expansionism and the Empire of Right (New York: Hill and Wang, 1995)Google Scholar
, “Manifest Destiny: A New Direction for America,” New York Review of Books, February 15, 2007, p. 54Google Scholar