Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface and Acknowledgments
- Introduction: “A City upon a Hill”
- PART ONE THE ORIGINS OF THE SECURITY ETHOS, 1688–1919
- PART TWO INTERNATIONALISM AND CONTAINMENT, 1919–1973
- 3 The Postwar Era and American Values
- 4 The Construction of Global Containment
- 5 Civic Virtue in Richard Nixon's America
- PART THREE THE AGE OF STRATEGIC GLOBALISM, 1973–2001
- PART FOUR THE BUSH DOCTRINE
- Conclusion: The Security Ethos and Civic Virtue
- Select Bibliography
- Index
- References
5 - Civic Virtue in Richard Nixon's America
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface and Acknowledgments
- Introduction: “A City upon a Hill”
- PART ONE THE ORIGINS OF THE SECURITY ETHOS, 1688–1919
- PART TWO INTERNATIONALISM AND CONTAINMENT, 1919–1973
- 3 The Postwar Era and American Values
- 4 The Construction of Global Containment
- 5 Civic Virtue in Richard Nixon's America
- PART THREE THE AGE OF STRATEGIC GLOBALISM, 1973–2001
- PART FOUR THE BUSH DOCTRINE
- Conclusion: The Security Ethos and Civic Virtue
- Select Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
Damn it, I happen to love this country.
J. Robert Oppenheimer, 1953[I]f Richard Nixon is not sincere, he is the most dangerous man in America.
Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., 1957Have our values been so twisted…that we are prepared to rationalize murder as an acceptable counter-insurgency weapon?
Viron P. Vaky, 1968One cannot adhere to values of individual liberty and then remain silent while those values are destroyed.
Senator Edward M. Kennedy, 1973If the U.S. Census of 1890 announced the closing of the old frontier, then NSC-68 proclaimed the “free world” as America's new frontier. Yet, that world seemed a fearful place to many Americans by mid-1950. The flight to Taiwan by Jiang Jieshi in January 1949 and Guomindang officials in the wake of the victory of Mao Zedong and the Communist Party in China by October, the successful atomic test by the Soviet Union, the public emergence of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, and the beginning of the Korean War – all combined to tear at the fabric of national memory about security. The resultant uncertainty about the present and the future affected how Americans thought about core values over the next quarter-century. When confronted with the consequences of the globalist turn in foreign policy, more than a few citizens saw in the world around them a betrayal of the past by their leaders.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- National Security and Core Values in American History , pp. 131 - 164Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009
References
, To Lead the Free World: American Nationalism and the Cultural Roots of the Cold War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000), 162–5Google Scholar
, Richard Milhous Nixon: The Rise of an American Politician (New York: Henry Holt, 1990)Google Scholar
, The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion, 1860–1898 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1963), 192–3Google Scholar
, “Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Corporate Commonwealth,” American Historical Review 87 (February 1982): 87–122CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Race against Empire: Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937–1957 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997), 181–3Google Scholar
, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–63 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988), 219Google Scholar
, Nixon: The Education of a Politician, 1913–1952 (New York: Simon & Shuster, 1987), 141–52Google Scholar
, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1950–1955: The Intelligence Community, 1950–1955 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2007), 19Google Scholar
, The American Inquisition: Justice and Injustice in the Cold War (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982), 34–8Google Scholar
, The Culture of the Cold War, 2d ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 45–9Google Scholar
, No Ivory Tower: McCarthyism and the Universities (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 240 ffGoogle Scholar
, Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era, rev. and updated ed. (New York: Basic Books, 1999), 64, 79Google Scholar
, ed., The Eisenhower Diaries (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1981), 223, 230
, American Communism in Crisis, 1943–1957 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972), 221–37CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Eisenhower and the Anti-Communist Crusade (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992), 103Google Scholar
and , American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005), 5Google Scholar
, Eyes Off the Prize: The United Nations and the African American Struggle for Human Rights, 1944–1955 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003)Google Scholar
, American Labor and United States Foreign Policy: The Cold War in Unions from Gompers to Lovestone (New York: Random House, 1969), 434–9Google Scholar
, Troubling the Waters: Black-Jewish Relations in the American Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006)Google Scholar
, For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War (New York: Hill and Wang, 2007), 103–38Google Scholar
, Supplying Repression: U.S. Support for Authoritarian Regimes Abroad (Washington, DC: Institute for Policy Studies, 1977), 11Google Scholar
, The Gaither Committee, Eisenhower, and the Cold War (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1999)Google Scholar
, Deterrence and Survival in the Nuclear Age (The “Gaither Report” of 1957) (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1976), 1Google Scholar
, The Last Colonial Massacre: Latin America in the Cold War (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
., with and , Reflections of a Cold Warrior: From Yalta to the Bay of Pigs (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996), 82Google Scholar
, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–60, vol. 14: Africa (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1992), 338–9Google Scholar
, Political Policing: The United States and Latin America (Durham Duke University Press, 1998), 25–40Google Scholar
, Thank God They're on Our Side: The United States and Right-Wing Dictatorships, 1921–1965 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999)Google Scholar
, A Search for Stability: United States Diplomacy toward Nicaragua, 1925–1933 (Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 1968), 101, 172–3, 209Google Scholar
, No Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945–1991 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Instruments of Statecraft: U.S. Guerrilla Warfare, Counterinsurgency, Counterterrorism, 1940–1990 (New York: Pantheon Books, 1992), 188–9Google Scholar
, Unarmed Forces: The Transnational Movement to End the Cold War (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999), 45–56, 90–120Google Scholar
, “Cold War II: The Eisenhower Administration, the Bandung Conference, and the Reperiodization of the Postwar Era,” Diplomatic History 30 (November, 2006): 867–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, The Vietnamese War: Revolution and Social Change in the Mekong Delta, 1930–1975, 2 vols. (Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 2003), I: 164, 177–81, 184–95Google Scholar
and , The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World (New York: Basic Books, 2005), 141Google Scholar
, A Diplomatic Revolution: Algeria's Fight for Independence and the Origins of the Post-Cold War Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 85Google Scholar
, Containing Arab Nationalism: The Eisenhower Doctrine and the Middle East (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004)Google Scholar
, From Arab Nationalism to OPEC: Eisenhower, King Saud, and the Making of U.S.-Saudi Relations (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002)Google Scholar
, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–60, vol. 11: Lebanon and Jordan (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1992), 245Google Scholar
, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–60, vol. 12: Near East Region; Iraq; Iran; Arabian Peninsula (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1993), 22Google Scholar
, The Origins of the Cuban Revolution Reconsidered (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006), 98–111Google Scholar
, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 226–42, 245–52Google Scholar
, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–60, vol. 6: Cuba (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1991), 398Google Scholar
, Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945 (New York: Penguin Press, 2005), 249–54, 270ffGoogle Scholar
and , Khrushchev's Cold War: The Inside Story of an American Adversary (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006), 323–37, 361–2Google Scholar
, Where the Boys Are: Cuba, Cold War America and the Making of a New Left (London: Verso, 1993), 158, 175–83Google Scholar
, Intellectuals in Action: The Origins of the New Left and Radical Liberalism, 1945–1970 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002), 59, 71–6, 145–6, 152–9Google Scholar
and , William Appleman Williams: The Tragedy of Empire (New York: Routledge, 1995), 89Google Scholar
, The Other Side of the Sixties: Young Americans for Freedom and the Rise of Conservative Politics (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1997), 26Google Scholar
., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1965), 285, 286, 296Google Scholar
, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981), 13Google Scholar
with , Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 98, 270Google Scholar
., I Have a Dream: Writings and Speeches That Changed the World, ed. (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), 138, 140Google Scholar
, Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999)Google Scholar
, The Spirit and the Shotgun: Armed Resistance and the Struggle for Civil Rights (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, ed., America in the Cold War: Twenty-Years of Revolution and Response, 1947–1967 (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1969), 24
, Turning Right in the Sixties: The Conservative Capture of the GOP (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995)Google Scholar
, Modernization as Ideology: American Social Science and “Nation Building” in the Kennedy Era (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000)Google Scholar
, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, vol. 12: American Republics (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1996), 475Google Scholar
, The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999), 63, 66–71Google Scholar
, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, vol. 31: South and Central America; Mexico (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2005), 45Google Scholar
with , The Bureau: My Thirty Years in Hoover's FBI (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1979), 125Google Scholar
, ed., Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963–1964 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997), 461–2, 466–7
, The Unraveling of America: A History of Liberalism in the 1960s (New York: Harper & Row, 1984), 61Google Scholar
, ed., The Politics of Protest (New York: Ballantine Books, 1969)
., The Triumph and Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson: The White House Years (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991), 59–64Google Scholar
, “The July Rebellions and the ‘Military State,’” in , ed., Violence in America: A Historical and Contemporary Reader (New York: Vintage Books, 1970), 279–95Google Scholar
, ed., A Circle of Trust: Remembering SNCC (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1998), 206
and , Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America (New York: Vintage Books, 1967), 86–97Google Scholar
, New Day in Babylon: The Black Power Movement and American Culture, 1965–1975 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992)Google Scholar
and , Agents of Repression: The FBI's Secret Wars against the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement (Boston: South End Press, 1988), esp. 15–99Google Scholar
, “Racial Matters”: The FBI's Secret File on Black America, 1960–1972 (New York: Free Press, 1989), 293–324Google Scholar
, Spying on Americans: Political Surveillance from Hoover to the Huston Plan (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1978), 145 ff, 175 ffGoogle Scholar
, For la Patria: Politics and the Armed Forces in Latin America (Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1999), 179–84, 187–8, 236–9Google Scholar
, Masters of War: Military Dissent and Politics in the Vietnam Era (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Truth and Power: Essays of a Decade, 1960–70 (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970), 34Google Scholar
, Personal Politics: The Roots of Women's Liberation in the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left (New York: Vintage Books, 1980)Google Scholar
, Nixon's Economy: Booms, Busts, Dollars, and Votes (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998)Google Scholar
, A Tangled Web: The Making of Foreign Policy in the Nixon Presidency (New York: Hill and Wang, 1998), 68, 136Google Scholar
, Arms Transfers under Nixon: A Policy Analysis (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1983)Google Scholar
, Put Your Bodies upon the Wheels: Student Revolt in the 1960s (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001)Google Scholar
, ed., Abuse of Power: The New Nixon Tapes (New York: Free Press, 1997), 5
, Mixed Signals: U.S. Human Rights Policy and Latin America (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004), 48–69Google Scholar