Al Khouri, R. (2007) ‘National Security Aspects of Western-Middle East Free Trade Agreements’, Aussenwirtschaft 62 (2): 175–92.Google Scholar

Baldwin, R. (2000) ‘Regulatory Protectionism, Developing Countries and a Two Tier Trading System’, in Collins, S. and Rodrik, D. (eds.), Brookings Trade Forum 2000, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar

Baldwin, R. (2006) ‘Multilateralising Regionalism: Spaghetti Bowls as Building Blocks on the Path to Global Free Trade’, The World Economy 29 (11): 1451–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baller, S. (2007) ‘Trade Effects of Regional Standards Liberalisation: A Heterogeneous Firms Approach’, World Bank Policy Research Paper 4124, Washington, DC: World Bank.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barth, J. Caprio, G. Jr., and Levine, R. (2006) Rethinking Bank Regulation: Till Angels Govern, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Bohara, A., Gawande, K. and Sanguinetti, P. (2004) ‘Trade Diversion and Declining Tariffs: Evidence from Mercosur’, Journal of International Economics 64: 65–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chen, M. and Mattoo, A. (2004) ‘Regionalism in Standards: Good or Bad for Trade? ’, World Bank Policy Research Paper 3458, Washington, DC: World Bank.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Devereaux, C., Lawrence, R. and Watkins, M. (2006) Case Studies in US Trade Negotiation: Making the Rules, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.Google Scholar

Egger, P. and Pfaffermayr, M. (2004) ‘The Impact of BITs on FDI’, Journal of Comparative Economics 32: 788–804.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Estevadeordal, A., Freund, C. and Ornelas, E. (2008) ‘Does Regionalism Affect Trade Liberalisation Towards Non-Members?’, CEP Discussion Papers No. 868, London: Centre for Economic Performance.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fink, C. and Molinuevo, M. (2007) ‘East Asian Free Trade Agreements in Services: Roaring Tigers or Timid Pandas?’, Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

Fink, C. and Reichenmiller, P. (2005) ‘Tightening TRIPS: Intellectual Property Rights in US Free Trade Agreements’, Trade Note No. 20, Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

Hoekman, B. and Kostecki, M. (2001) The Political Economy of the World Trading System: The WTO and Beyond, 2nd edn, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hoekman, B. and Messerlin, P. (2000) ‘Liberalizing Trade in Services: Reciprocal Negotiations and Regulatory Reform’, in Sauvé, P. and Stern, R. (eds.), Services 2000: New Directions in Services Trade Liberalisation, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar

Hoekman, B. and Saggi, K. (2000) ‘Assessing the Case for Extending WTO Disciplines on Investment Related Policies’, Journal of Economic Integration 15: 588–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hoekman, B. (2007) ‘Tariff Bindings and Bilateral Cooperation on Export Cartels’, Journal of Development Economics, 83: 141–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hoekman, B., Mattoo, A. and Sapir, A. (2007) ‘The Political Economy of Services Trade Liberalisation: A Case for International Regulatory Cooperation?’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy 23 (3): 367–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Houde, M.-F., Kolse-Patil, A. and Miroudot, S. (2007) ‘The Interaction between Investment and Services Chapters in Selected Regional Trade Agreements’, OECD Working Paper 55, Paris: OECD.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Javorcik, B., Keller, W. and Tybout, J. (2006) ‘Openness and Industrial Response in a Wal-Mart World : A Case Study of Mexican Soaps, Detergents, and Surfactant Producers’, World Bank Policy Research Paper 3999, Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

Jensen, J., Rutherford, T. and Tarr, D. (2007) ‘The Impact of Liberalizing Barriers to Foreign Direct Investment in Services: The Case of Russian Accession to the World Trade Organisation’, Review of Development Economics 11 (3): 482–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Karacaovali, B. and Limão, N. (2005) ‘The Clash of Liberalizations: Preferential vs. Multilateral Trade Liberalization in the European Union’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3493, Washington, DC: World Bank.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Looi, Kee Hiau, Nicita, A. and Olarreaga, M. (2008) ‘Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices’, The Economic Journal, forthcoming.Google Scholar

Konan, D. and Maskus, K. (2006) ‘Quantifying the Impact of Services Liberalisation in a Developing Country’, Journal of Development Economics 81: 142–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kox, H. and Lejour, A. (2006) ‘The Effects of the Services Directive on Intra-EU Trade and FDI’, Revue Économique 57, 4: 747–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lesher, M. and Miroudot, S. (2007) ‘The Economic Impact of Investment Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements’, Aussenwirtschaft 62 (2): 193–232.Google Scholar

Limão, N. (2006a) ‘Preferential vs. Multilateral Trade Liberalization: Evidence and Open Questions’, World Trade Review 5 (2): 155–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Limão, N. (2006b) ‘Preferential Trade Agreements as Stumbling Blocks for Multilateral Trade Liberalization: Evidence for the United States’, American Economic Review 96: 896–914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Limão, N. (2007) ‘Are Preferential Trade Agreements with Non-Trade Objectives a Stumbling Block for Multilateral Liberalization?’, Review of Economic Studies 74 (3): 821–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Markusen, J., Rutherford, T. and Tarr, D. (2005) ‘Trade and Direct Investment in Producer Services and the Domestic Market for Expertise’, Canadian Journal of Economics 38 (3): 758–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Martin, W. and Messerlin, P. (2007) ‘Why Is it so Difficult? Trade Liberalization under the Doha Agenda’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy 23: 347–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

,OECD (2005) ‘The Benefits of Liberalising Product Markets and Reducing Barriers to International Trade and Investment: The Case of the United States and the European Union’, Economics Department Working Paper 432, Paris, OECD.Google Scholar

Oye, K. (1992) Economic Discrimination and Political Exchange: World Political Economy in the 1930s and 1980s, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Pelkmans, J. (2001) European Integration: Methods and Economic Analysis, 2nd edn, Harlow: Financial Times–Prentice Hall.Google Scholar

Pelkmans, J. (2007) ‘Mutual Recognition in Goods. On Promises and Disillusions’, Journal of European Public Policy 14 (5): 699–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Piermartini, R. and Budetta, M. (2006) ‘A Mapping of Regional Rules on Technical Barriers to Trade’, mimeo, Geneva:WTO.Google Scholar

Piérola, F. and Horlick, G. (2007) ‘WTO Dispute Settlement and Dispute Settlement in the “North–South” Agreements of the Americas: Considerations for Choice of Forum’, Journal of World Trade 41 (5): 885–908.Google Scholar

Pomfret, R. (2007) ‘Is Regionalism an Increasing Feature of the World Economy?’, World Economy 30: 923–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Portugal-Perez, A. (2007) ‘The Costs of Rules of Origin in Apparel: African Preferential Exports to the EU and US’, mimeo, University of Geneva.Google Scholar

Prusa, T. (2006) ‘Preferential Trade Agreements and the Incidence of Antidumping Disputes’, mimeo, Rutgers University.Google Scholar

Roy, M., Marchetti, J. and Lim, H. (2006) ‘Services Liberalisation in the New Generation of Preferential Trade Agreements: How Much Further than the GATS?’, WTO Staff Working Paper No. ERSD-2006-07, Geneva: WTO.

Schiff, M. and Winters, A. L. (2003) Regionalism and Development, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Selin, H. and Vandeveer, S. (2006) ‘Raising Global Standards: Hazardous Substances and E-Waste Management in the European Union’, Environment 48 (10): 6–17, available at: http://www.heldref.org/env.php.Google Scholar

Sen, R. (2006) ‘“New Regionalism” in Asia: A Comparative Analysis of Emerging Regional and Bilateral Trade Agreements involving ASEAN, China and India’, Journal of World Trade 40: 553–96.Google Scholar

Sokol, D. (2007) ‘Why is This Chapter Different from Others? An Examination of Why Countries Enter into Non-Enforceable Competition Policy Chapters in FTAs’, mimeo, University of Missouri School of Law.Google Scholar

Ullrich, H. (2004) ‘Comparing EU Free Trade Agreements: Services’, ECDPM Brief, European Centre for Development Policy Management, available at: www.ecdpm.org.

Government, US (2006) ‘U.S.–EU Working Together to Fight Against Global Piracy and Counterfeiting’, available at: www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/06/20050620-6.html.

Winters, L. Alan (1999) ‘Regionalism vs. Multilateralism’, in Baldwin, R., Cohen, D., Sapir, A. and Venables, A. (eds.), Market Integration, Regionalism and the Global Economy, London: CEPR.Google Scholar

Bank, World (2005) Global Economic Prospects: Trade, Regionalism, and Development, Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

Bank, World (2008) Doing Business 2008 Report, Washington DC: World Bank.Google Scholar