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8 - Neural networks and neuro-oncology: the complex interplay between brain tumour, epilepsy and cognition

from Part II - The use of artificial neural networks to elucidate the nature of perceptual processes in animals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2011

By
L. Douw ,
C.J. Stam ,
M. Klein ,
J.J. Heimans  and
J.C. Reijneveld
Edited by
Colin R. Tosh  and
Graeme D. Ruxton
L. Douw
Affiliation:
VU University Medical Centre
C.J. Stam
Affiliation:
VU University Medical Centre
M. Klein
Affiliation:
VU University Medical Centre
J.J. Heimans
Affiliation:
VU University Medical Centre
J.C. Reijneveld
Affiliation:
VU University Medical Centre
Colin R. Tosh
Affiliation:
University of Leeds
Graeme D. Ruxton
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow
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Summary

Introduction

The human brain is by far the most complex network known to man. Neuroscience has for a long time focused on a reductionistic approach when studying the brain, in part precisely because of its daunting complexity. Although highly important insights have been obtained by using a localisational method, this type of research has failed to elucidate the elaborate mechanisms involved in higher brain functioning and perception. As a consequence, an increasing body of research regarding the brain's functional status has become founded on modern network theory. In this subdivision of mathematics and physics, emphasis is placed on the manner in which several parts of the brain interact, instead of on which specific part of the cortex is responsible for a certain task. The first studies using networks to investigate the brain have made use of computational models and animal studies. Due to the great research advances in recent years, network theory is now being readily applied to the human brain. Studies are being performed in both the healthy population and several patient groups, in order to find out what constitutes a healthy versus a diseased brain (for an introduction into brain networks, see Watts & Strogatz, 1998; Bassett & Bullmore, 2006; Reijneveld et al., 2007).

Brain tumours almost invariably cause highly burdensome symptoms, such as cognitive deficits and epileptic seizures. The tumour has significant impact on the brain, since it forces the non-tumoural tissue to adapt to the presence and constant expansion of a foreign entity.

Type
Chapter
Information
Modelling Perception with Artificial Neural Networks , pp. 149 - 184
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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