Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- LABEL-FREE BIOSENSORS
- 1 Label-free optical biosensors: An introduction
- 2 Experimental design
- 3 Extracting affinity constants from biosensor binding responses
- 4 Extracting kinetic rate constants from binding responses
- 5 Sensor surfaces and receptor deposition
- 6 Macromolecular interactions
- 7 Interactions with membranes and membrane receptors
- 8 Application of SPR technology to pharmaceutical relevant drug-receptor interactions
- 9 High-throughput analysis of biomolecular interactions and cellular responses with resonant waveguide grating biosensors
- 10 ITC-derived binding constants: Using microgram quantities of protein
- 11 Electrical impedance technology applied to cell-based assays
- Index
- Plate section
Preface
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 May 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- LABEL-FREE BIOSENSORS
- 1 Label-free optical biosensors: An introduction
- 2 Experimental design
- 3 Extracting affinity constants from biosensor binding responses
- 4 Extracting kinetic rate constants from binding responses
- 5 Sensor surfaces and receptor deposition
- 6 Macromolecular interactions
- 7 Interactions with membranes and membrane receptors
- 8 Application of SPR technology to pharmaceutical relevant drug-receptor interactions
- 9 High-throughput analysis of biomolecular interactions and cellular responses with resonant waveguide grating biosensors
- 10 ITC-derived binding constants: Using microgram quantities of protein
- 11 Electrical impedance technology applied to cell-based assays
- Index
- Plate section
Summary
Over the past two decades the benefits of biosensor analysis have begun to be recognized in many areas of analytical science, research, and development, with analytical systems now used routinely as mainstream research tools in many laboratories in many fields. Simplistically, biosensors can be defined as devices that use biological or chemical receptors to detect analytes (molecules) in a sample. They give detailed information on the binding affinity and in many cases also the binding stoichiometry, thermodynamics, and kinetics of an interaction. Label-free biosensors, by definition, do not require the use of reporter elements (fluorescent, luminescent, radiometric, or colorimetric) to facilitate measurements. Instead, a receptor molecule is normally connected in some way to a transducer that produces an electrical signal in real time. Other techniques such as isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry require neither reporter labels nor surface-bound receptors. In all cases detailed information on an interaction can be obtained during analysis while minimizing sample processing requirements. Unlike label- and reporter-based technologies that simply confirm the presence or absence of a detector molecule, label-free techniques can provide direct information on analyte binding to target molecules typically in the form of mass addition or depletion from the surface of a sensor substrate or via changes in a physical bulk property (such as the heat capacity) of a sample. Until recently, label-free technologies have failed to gain widespread acceptance due to technical constraints, low throughput, high user expertise requirements, and cost. Whereas they have proved to be powerful tools in the hands of a skilled user, they have not always been readily adapted to everyday lab use in which simple-to-understand results are a prerequisite.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Label-Free BiosensorsTechniques and Applications, pp. ix - xPublisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009