Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T10:15:35.282Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2015

Anuradha Chakravarty
Anuradha Chakravarty
Affiliation:
University of South Carolina
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Investing in Authoritarian Rule
Punishment and Patronage in Rwanda's Gacaca Courts for Genocide Crimes
 , pp. 341 - 356
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources

Agence France Presse. 2006. “L’ex-président Bizimungu, en prison, demande à être gracié.” April 21.Google Scholar
Bloomberg Data for the Most Heavily Policed Countries. Available at http://www.bloomberg.com/visual-data/best-and-worst//most-heavily-policed-countries. Last accessed Nov. 10, 2014.Google Scholar
CNN. 2003. “Kagame declares victory in Rwanda.” August 25. Available at http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/africa/08/25/rwanda.election/.Google Scholar
Delany, Max, and Baldauf, Scott. 2010. “Kagame sees ‘no reason’ why he shouldn’t win Rwanda election.” The Christian Science Monitor, August 9.Google Scholar
The Independent. 2012. “Out of Session: Gacaca Courts Formally Close as President Kagame Scoffs at ICTR.” June 29.Google Scholar
The Independent. 2010. “Rwanda is not ready for the medicine of democracy, says Kagame.” May 29.Google Scholar
Jeune Afrique/L’Intelligent. 2005. “Pourquoi la France nous hait.” Interview by Francois Soudain. No. 2302, February 20–26.Google Scholar
The Nation. 2003. “Letter from Rwanda.” Victoria Brittain. September 1.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2014. “Can DASSO succeed where LDF failed?” Jean-Pierre Bucyensenge. September 6.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2013. “Over Rwf 40 billion saved through TIG.” Jean de la Croix Tabaro. March 24.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2012. “Insight- President Paul Kagame reminisces liberation journey.” December 20.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2011. “Community Policing Committees Given Bicycles.” October 30.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2010a. “Ntawangundi loses appeal.” Edmund Kagire. April 17.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2010b. “Eastern province celebrates RPF victory.” Edmund Kagire. September 13.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2009. “Former MP receives 19 years for genocide.” Stevenson Mugisha. March 14.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2008a. “Genocide Ideology: MPs focus on southern province.” James Buyinza. May 2.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2008b. “Genocide suspect hands self over after 12 yrs—Southern Province.” Daniel Sabiti. February 29.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2008c. “Gacaca judges given bicycles: Eastern Province.” April 10.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2007. “Burera hires prisoners to help both community development and reconciliation.” Bonny Mukombozi. November 12.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2006a. “Inyangamugayo’s Home Burnt.” Willy Mugenzi. September 24.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2006b. “The Rwandan Dilemma vis-à-vis the Genocide.” Frank Rusagara. September 17.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2006c. “Gacaca trials start en masse tomorrow.” James Munyaneza. July 14.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2006d. “Prisons boast of Frw 38 million profit.” Muliisa Richard and Stevenson Nzaramba. April 30.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2006e. “Evaluate leaders- Mayor.” James Tasamba. June 20.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2006f. “MP unhappy about House position over FARG report.” James Munyaneza. June 9.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2006g. “Mayor’s performance contracts signed.” Steven Baguma. April 9.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2006h. “EC gives update on local elections.” Eleneus Akanga and Joe Rwesa. March 28.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2006i. “In Rwanda, suicides haunt search for justice.” March 23.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2005a. “The Ideology of Rwandanicity.” Frank Rusagara. February 14, 21.Google Scholar
The New Times. 2005b. “Focus on Gacaca.” March 9–10.Google Scholar
Reuters. 2006. “Jailed Rwandan ex-President pleads for mercy.” May 8.Google Scholar
Rutazibwa, Privat. 1996. “Cet ethnisme sans fin.” Informations Rwandaises et Internationales 5 (November–December).Google Scholar
The Rwanda Focus. 2010. “Special 2010 Presidential Election Campaigns: ‘Never change a winning team,’ Kagame tells thousands.” August 4.Google Scholar
Rwanda News Agency. 2008. “UN Report on ‘Part of the West’s Conspiracy against Rwanda.’” December 15.Google Scholar
Smith, Stephen. 2011. “Rwanda in Six Scenes.” London Review of Books 33(6) March 17.Google Scholar

Secondary Sources

African Rights. 2003. Gacaca Justice: A Shared Responsibility. Kigali.Google Scholar
African Rights. 2002. Tribute to Courage. London.Google Scholar
African Rights. 2000. Confessing to Genocide: Responses to Rwanda’s Genocide Law. Kigali.Google Scholar
African Rights. 1995. Rwanda: Death, Despair and Defiance. London.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 2010. Safer to Stay Silent: The Chilling Effect of Rwanda’s Laws on ‘Genocide Ideology’ and ‘Sectarianism.’ London.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 2004. Deeper into the Abyss: Waging War on Civil Society. July 6. London.Google Scholar
Article 19. 1996. Broadcasting Genocide. London.Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2008–2010. Monitoring of the Gacaca Courts: Judgment Phase. Analytical Report 5.Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2009. Monitoring of the Gacaca Courts: Judgment Phase. Analytical Report 4.Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2008. Gacaca Observation Report #11.Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2006–2007. Monitoring of the Gacaca Courts: Judgment Phase. Analytical Report 3.Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2005a. Monitoring of the Gacaca Courts: Judgment Phase. Analytical Report 1.Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2005b. Avant-project d’amendement de la loi organique no. 16/2004 du 19 Juin 2004 (with Danish Center for Human Rights, Penal Reform International and Réseau Citoyens Network). Kigali. October 17.Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2004a. Training of the Trainers Manual. (USAID/ASF).Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2004b. Training of the Trainers Report..Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2003a. Les Juridictions Gacaca: Rapport d’observation. Kigali city, Kicukiro district, Kagarama sector, Nyanza cell. February 14–28, March 7.Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2003b. Les Juridictions Gacaca: Rapport d’observation. Ruhengeri province, Bukonya district, Mataba sector, Gikombe cell. March 26.Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2003c. Les Juridictions Gacaca: Rapport d’observation. Kibuye province, Gisunzu district, Mushubati sector, Nyakabande cell. February 21.Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2003d. Les Juridictions Gacaca: Rapport d’observation. Kibuye province, Gisunzu district, Mushubati sector, Nyakabuye cell. March 14.Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2003e. Les Juridictions Gacaca: Rapport d’observation. Gitarama province, Kabagari district, Nkomero sector, Ruhosha cell. March 25.Google Scholar
Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF). 2003f. Les Juridictions Gacaca: Rapport d’observation. Kibungo province, Birenga district, Rubona sector, Nyamigina cell. May 13.Google Scholar
Catholic Church. 1999. Sinode igeze he mu madiyosezi yose [How Far Is the Synod in All Dioceses?] (April 12–15) Report on symposium, Kigali.Google Scholar
European Union. 2008. Republic of Rwanda, Legislative Elections to the Chamber of Deputies 15–18 September 2008 (Final Report).Google Scholar
European Union. 2003. Mission d’observation électorale de l’Union Européenne, Rwanda. Election présidentielle 25 août 2003. Elections législatives 29 et 30 Septembre. (October 2, Final Report).Google Scholar
Front Line Rwanda. 2005. Disappearances, arrests, threats, intimidation, and co-optation of human rights defenders 2001–2004. Available at http://www.frontlinedefenders.org/files/en/FrontLineRwandaReport.pdf (last accessed March 8, 2007).Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2012. Summary of the Report Presented at the Closing of Gacaca Courts Activities. National Service of Gacaca Jurisdictions (SNJG). Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2009–2013. The Strategic Plan for the RNP. Rwanda National Police (RNP). Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2010a. Rwanda Reconciliation Barometer. National Unity and Reconciliation Commission (NURC). Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2010b. Challenges Facing Local Governments in Rwanda. Rwandese Association of Local Government Authorities (RALGA). Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2009. Rwanda: State of Environment and Outlook Report. Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA). Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2008a. Internal Security Policy. Ministry of Internal Security (MININTER). Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2008b. Organic Law No. 13/2008 modifying and complementing Organic Law No. 16/2004 of 19/6/2004 establishing the organization, competence and functioning of Gacaca Courts charged with prosecuting and trying the perpetrators of the crime of genocide and other crimes against humanity, committed between October 1, 1990 and December 31, 1994 as modified and complemented to date. Official Gazette, Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2003–2008. Parliamentary Commission Reports on Genocide Ideology. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2007a. The National Policy of Unity and Reconciliation (Report). NURC. August. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2007b. Achievements made by Gacaca Courts during Pilot Phase. SNJG. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2007c. Organic Law No. 10/2007 modifying and complementing Organic Law No. 16/2004 of 19/6/2004 establishing the organization, competence and functioning of Gacaca Courts charged with prosecuting and trying the perpetrators of the crime of genocide and other crimes against humanity, committed between October 1, 1990 and December 31, 1994 as modified and complemented to date. Official Gazette, Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2004a. Document sur l’état d’avancement des activités des Juridictions Gacaca des Cellules opérationnelles et programmes d’activités à venir. SNJG. January 21. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2004b. Violence Against Women. Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion (with USAID and IRC). Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2004c. Le Processus de Decentralisation et de Democratisation au Rwanda: Sondage d’Opinion (NURC, with DFID, SIDA, and IRC). Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2004d. District Development Report: Kanombe, Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2004e. Gacaca Handbook: Program of Collecting Information. [Gahunda yo gukusanya amakuru akenewe mu nkiko gacaca.] SNJG. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2004f. Gacaca Report for Kigali. [Inkiko Gacaca mu mujyi wa Kigali]. SNJG. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2004g. Système scientifique de collecte, d’acheminement et de classement éléctronique des informations collectées au cours des séances des Juridictions Gacaca (provisional report). SNJG. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2004h. Organic Law No. 16/2004 establishing the organization, competence and functioning of Gacaca Courts charged with prosecuting and trying the perpetrators of the crime of genocide and other crimes against humanity, committed between October 1st 1990 and December 31 1994. Official Gazette, Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2003a. Opinion Survey on Participation in Gacaca and National Reconciliation. NURC. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2003b. Strategic Plan of Gacaca Process 2004–2006. SNJG. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2003c. Evaluation of the Gacaca Promotional Campaign (with Johns Hopkins University). Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2003d. Human Rights Report March-June. NHRC, Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2002–2004. Weekly and Monthly Reports. SNJG. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2002a. Activity Report of Gacaca Jurisdictions. SNJG. October. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2002b. Formation des Agents Decentralises intervenant dans le processus de mise en place des Juridictions Gacaca au Rwanda. SNJG (with ASF). Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2002c. Report of the National Summit on Unity and Reconciliation. NURC. October 26–28. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2002d. Indicateurs de Développement du Rwanda. Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN). Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2002e. Third general census of population and housing. MINECOFIN (National Census Service) Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2001a. Evaluation Report. NURC. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2001b. Annual Report. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 2001c. Organic Law No. 40/2000 Setting Up Gacaca Jurisdictions and Organizing Prosecutions for Offences Constituting the Crime of Genocide or Crimes against Humanity Committed Between October 1, 1990 and December 31, 1994. Official Gazette, Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 1999–2000. Annual Report of Activities. NURC. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 1999. Report on the reflection meetings May 1998 to March 1999. Office of the President of the Republic. Kigali.Google Scholar
Government of Rwanda (GOR). 1980. ORINFOR and Office of the President. “Entretien du President de la Republique, Son Excellence le General-Major Habyarimana avec les journalistes Africaines.” In Discours, Messages et Entretiens de Son Excellence le General-Major Habyarimana Juvenal. June 2. Kigali.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2011. Justice Compromised: The Legacy of Rwanda’s Community-Based Gacaca Courts. New York.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2008. Law and Reality: Progress in Judicial Reform in Rwanda. New York.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2007. Rwanda: Country summary. New York.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2006. Rwanda: Country summary. New York.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2005. Rwanda: Country summary. New York.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2004. Rwanda: Parliament seeks to abolish rights group. July 2. New York.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2002. World Report. New York.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (HRW). 1999. Leave None to Tell the Story (by Alison des Forges). New York.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (HRW). 1995. One year after genocide in Rwanda, crisis continues. HRW/International Federation for Human Rights. April 18. New York.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2003. International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) Prosecutor v. Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza and Hassan Ngeze Case No. 99-52-T--Judgement and Sentence. Available at http://www.unictr.org/sites/unictr.org/files/case-documents/ictr-99-52/trial-judgements/en/031203.pdfGoogle Scholar
International Crisis Group (ICG). 2002. Rwanda at the end of the transition. November 13. Brussels.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group (ICG). 2001. “Consensual Democracy” in Post-Genocide Rwanda: Evaluating the March 2001 District Elections. October 9. Brussels.Google Scholar
Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. 1995. What is a Fair Trial? A Basic Guide to Legal Standards and Practice. New York.Google Scholar
Ligue des Droits de la Personne dans la Région des Grands Lacs (LDGL). 2001. La problématique de la liberté d’expression au Rwanda. December. Kigali.Google Scholar
Ligue Rwandaise pour la Promotion et la Défense des Droits de l’Homme (LIPRODHOR). 2002. Rapport d’observations sur les activites des assemblees des juridictions gacaca de cellule. June–July. Kigali.Google Scholar
Organization of African Unity (OAU) Report. 2000. Rwanda: The Preventable Genocide. May 29. Addis Ababa.Google Scholar
Projet d’appui de la société civile au processus gacaca au Rwanda (PAPG). 2003. Rapport d’observations des juridictions gacaca pour le mois de Juillet 2003. Kigali.Google Scholar
Penal Reform International (PRI). 2010. Eight Years On: A Record of Gacaca Monitoring in Rwanda. Kigali.Google Scholar
Penal Reform International (PRI). 2007. Community Service (TIG): Areas of Reflection. March. Kigali.Google Scholar
Penal Reform International (PRI). 2004. Gacaca and Reconciliation: Kibuye Case Study. Kigali.Google Scholar
Penal Reform International (PRI). 2003. Research on the Gacaca: Reports 4 & 5. January and September. Kigali.Google Scholar
Prison Fellowship Rwanda. 2002–2003. Umuvumu Tree Project: Rapport Annuel Année 1. Kigali.Google Scholar
RPF website. 2012. Gacaca Courts Genesis, Implementation, and Achievements. Available at http://rpfinkotanyi.org/en/?gacaca-courts-genesisGoogle Scholar
Reporters Sans Frontières. 2001. Rwanda: Discreet and Targeted Pressure: President Kagame is a Predator of Press Freedom. November 7. Paris.Google Scholar
UN High Commission for Human Rights. 2010. Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1993–2003: Report of the Mapping Exercise. June. Geneva.Google Scholar
USAID. 2002a. La société civile rwandaise: problèmes et perspectives. (by Eugène Nkubito). Kigali.Google Scholar
USAID. 2002b. Rwanda: Conflict Vulnerability Assessment (prepared by MSI). Washington, DC.Google Scholar
USIP. 1997. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Inmates of Rwandan Detention Facilities Accused of Crimes of Genocide (by Neil Boisen). Washington, DC.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of State. 2014. Country Report on Human Rights Practices: Rwanda 2013.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of State. 2012. Country Report on Human Rights Practices: Rwanda 2011.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of State. 2011. Country Report on Human Rights Practices: Rwanda 2010.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of State. 2009. Country report on Human Rights Practices: Rwanda 2008.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of State. 2008. Country Report on Human Rights Practices: Rwanda 2007.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of State. 2007. Country Report on Human Rights Practices: Rwanda 2006.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of State. 2001. Country Report on Human Rights Practices: Rwanda 2000.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Bibliography
  • Anuradha Chakravarty, University of South Carolina
  • Book: Investing in Authoritarian Rule
  • Online publication: 05 November 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316018804.018
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Bibliography
  • Anuradha Chakravarty, University of South Carolina
  • Book: Investing in Authoritarian Rule
  • Online publication: 05 November 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316018804.018
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Bibliography
  • Anuradha Chakravarty, University of South Carolina
  • Book: Investing in Authoritarian Rule
  • Online publication: 05 November 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316018804.018
Available formats
×