Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-75dct Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-01T13:40:10.237Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5 - Ghosts and Intergenerational Justice

A Confucian Perspective

from Part II - Intergenerational Ethics in Dialogue with Confucianism and Daoism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2024

Hiroshi Abe
Affiliation:
Kyoto University
Matthias Fritsch
Affiliation:
Concordia University, Montréal
Mario Wenning
Affiliation:
Loyola University, Spain
Get access

Summary

This chapter engages with the world of ghosts and spirits (guishen 鬼神) in the classical Chinese tradition. While there has been agreement about the existence of ghosts, their status and the duties of currently living humans to them is all but clear. We argue that a Confucian innovation consists in acknowledging the existence of the spirit world in an “as if” mode. In this conception, humans share obligations of respect while they are well advised to practice attentive distancing to these beings. The mechanisms governing a haunted cosmos are ultimately beyond human comprehension. Ghosts are stand-ins and correctives who reveal the limits of human control and comprehension. We conclude by discussing the potential contributions of this Confucian conception of ghosts and spirits to contemporary debates on intergenerational justice.

Type
Chapter
Information
Intercultural Philosophy and Environmental Justice between Generations
Indigenous, African, Asian, and Western Perspectives
, pp. 97 - 114
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armstrong, Karen. 2007. The Great Transformation: The World in the Time of Buddah, Socrates, Confucius and Jeremiah. London: Atlantic Books.Google Scholar
Azuma, Juji 吾妻重二. 2017. A New Study of the Learning of Master Zhu 朱子學の新研究, translated into Chinese by Fu Xihong 傅锡洪 et al. Beijing: Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Chen, Qian 陈骞. 1996. “A Tentative Discourse on Zuozhuan’s View on Ghost and Gods” 试论《左传》鬼神观. Journal of Yuxi Teachers College (Social Science Edition) 玉溪师专学报(社会科学版)12, no. 1: 6268.Google Scholar
Clark, Kelly James and Winslett, Justin. 2023. A Spiritual Geography of Early Chinese Thought. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Cline, Erin M. 2013. “Religious Thought and Practice in the Analects.” In The Dao Companion to the Analects, edited by Olberding, Amy, 259291. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Cline, Erin M. 2015. Families of Virtue: Confucian and Western Views on Childhood Development. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Durrant, Stephen, Li, Wai-yee, and Schaberg, David, trans. 2016. Zuo Tradition / Zuozhuan: Commentary on the “Spring and Autumn Annals. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Fingerette, Herbert. 1972. Confucius: The Secular as Sacred. New York, NY: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Harrison, Victoria S. 2021. “What if the Dead Are Never Really Dead?The Monist 104, no. 3: 337351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, Qiong. 2020. Defining Chu Religion: Gods, Ancestors and Ghosts. University of Macau PhD thesis, unpublished.Google Scholar
Jaspers, Karl. 1966. Socrates, Buddha, Confucius, Jesus (from The Great Philosophers. Volume I). New York, NY: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Knoblock, John, trans. 1994. Xunzi: A Translation and Study of the Complete Works. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Lau, D. C. trans. 2000. The Analects. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.Google Scholar
Lau, D. C. trans. 2003. Mencius. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.Google Scholar
Leong, Y. K. and Tao, L. K.. 2019. Revival: Village and Town Life in China 1915, reprinted. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lin, Su-chuan. 林素娟. 2005. “Exploration to Customs of Vengeful Ghosts and Solutions of Facing them in the Pre-Chin and Han Dynasty” 先秦至漢代禮俗中有關厲鬼的觀念及其因應之道. Journal of Chinese Literature of National Cheng Kung University 成大中文學報 13: 5994.Google Scholar
Miller, James. 2017. China’s Green Religion: Daoism and the Quest for a Sustainable Future. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mou, Zongsan 牟宗三. 2003. The Problems and Development of Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism 宋明儒學的問題與發展. Taipei: Linking.Google Scholar
Poo, Mu-Chou, 2002. Ghosts and Religious Life in Early China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Puett, Michael. 2008. “Ritual and the Subjunctive.” In Ritual and its Consequences: An Essay on the Limits of Sincerity, edited by Adam, B. Seligman, Robert, P. Weller, Michael, J. Putt, and Simon, Bennett, 1742. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Puett, Michael. 2011. “Sages, the Past, and the Dead.” In Mortality in Traditional Chinese Thought, edited by Olberding, Amy and Philip, J. Ivanhoe, 225248. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Puett, Michael. 2019. “Life, Domesticated and Undomesticated: Ghosts, Sacrifice, and the Efficacy of Ritual Practice in Early China.” Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 9, no. 2: 439460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qian, Mu 錢穆. 2011. A New Explication of the Analects 論語新解. Taipei: Dongda.Google Scholar
Reader, Ian and George, J. Tanabe Jr. 1998. Practically Religious: Worldly Benefits and the Common Religion of Japan. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press.Google Scholar
Roetz, Heiner. 2023. “An Overlooked Dimension of Intergenerational Justice? A Note on Filial Piety in the Age of Ecological Crisis.” In Confucianism for the Twenty-First Century, edited by Huang, Chun-chieh and Tucker, John A., 197208. Göttingen: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roetz, Heiner. 2024. “China—eine ‘ökologische Zivilisation’?” In Nachhaltigkeit: Chinas Umgang mit Umwelt und Nachwelt in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart, Jahrbuch der Deutschen Vereinigung für Chinastudien 19, edited by Liefke, Lena and Messner, Angelika. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Rošker, Jana S. 2017. “Is Confucianism a Religion? Modern Confucian Theories on the Ethical Nature of Classical Discourses.” Asian Philosophy 27, no. 4: 279291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shen, Vincent. 2013. “The Fading of Political Theology and the Rise of Creative Humanism.” In The Dao Companion to Classical Confucian Philosophy, edited by Shen, Vincent, 2351. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.Google Scholar
Slingerland, Edward, trans. 2003. Confucius Analects: With Selections from Traditional Commentaries. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.Google Scholar
Sommer, Deborah. 2020. “Zhu Xi’s Philosophy of Religion.” In Dao Companion to Zhu Xi’s philosophy, edited by Ng, Kai-chiu and Huang, Yong, 523541. Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, Xidan 孫希旦. 1989. Collected Explanations of the Book of Rites 禮記集解. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Tan, Sor-hoon. 2015. “Xunzi and Naturalistic Ethics.” Journal of Value Inquiry 49, nos. 1–2: 247265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, Junyi 唐君毅. 1986. Origins of Chinese Philosophy: The Dao. Vol. 1. 中國哲學原論: 原道篇. 卷一. Taipei: Xuesheng shuju.Google Scholar
Tu, Weiming. 2001. “The Ecological Turn in New Confucian Humanism: Implications for China and the World.” Dædalus 130, no. 4: 243264.Google Scholar
Watson, Burton, trans. 2007. The Analects of Confucius. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1959. The Religion of China. New York, NY: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1963. The Sociology of Religion. Boston, MA: Beacon.Google Scholar
Wilson, Thomas. 2014. “Spirits and the Soul in Confucian Ritual Discourse.” Journal of Chinese Religion 42, no. 2: 185252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, Arthur P. 1974. “Gods, ghosts, and ancestors.” In Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, edited by Wolf, Arthur P., 131182 Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Wu, Chan Liang 吳展良. 2013. “An Interpretation of Zhu Xi’s Theory of Ghostly and Godly Existence” 朱子之鬼神論述義. Chinese Studies 漢學研究 31, no. 4: 111144.Google Scholar
Xu, Fuguan 徐復觀. 1969. The History of the Chinese Philosophy of Human Nature: The Pre-Qin Period 中國人史論史:先秦篇. Taipei: The Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Zhu, Xi 朱熹. 1983. Collected Arrangements and Annotations of the Four Books 四書章句集注. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Zhu, Xi 朱熹. 1986. Classified Sayings of Master Zhu 朱子語類. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×