Why did campesinos in Tenancingo and Usulután support the FMLN and join insurgent organizations, despite the high costs of doing so? The Salvadoran insurgency was about land. Perhaps access to land, a key material interest of campesinos, accounts for why so many campesinos participated in the insurgency, thereby resolving the puzzle of collective action posed in the opening pages of this book. However, at the time the insurgent cooperatives were formed, residents of the case-study areas had access to land whether or not they participated, as long as they refrained from informing on insurgent activities and made occasional material contributions (which they also had to make to passing government forces). Thus during the middle and later years of the civil war, it was possible for those who did not support the rebels to reside in the case-study areas as “free riders” on the benefits of the insurgency. The benefits included improved working conditions in some areas and unprecedented access to land and freedom from the often capricious authority of landlords and security forces in others. But none of these benefits required participating in the insurgency beyond the coerced minimum contribution. In short, the material benefits of the insurgency took the form of a public good that was available to all residents.