The previous chapter concluded that nationalistic theories are unlikely to limit the scope of distributive justice to nation-states. The present chapter looks at an attempt to do so by showing that existing political institutions are fundamental for generating requirements of distributive justice. Unlike some arguments given by nationalists, this theory is individualistic about value; nonetheless, it holds that egalitarian distributive requirements apply only among citizens or residents of the same state. Rather than emphasising the value of national commitments in themselves or as means of attaining other valuable goods, it regards political institutions as a normatively significant relationship in which egalitarian distributive requirements obtain. Following our earlier characterisation, this is a relational conception that regards political institutions as necessary for the existence of requirements of justice. The requirement of equal treatment, and egalitarian distributive requirements that follow from it, do not obtain among individuals who are not tied together by common citizenship. In this chapter, after a describing in detail an argument for this relational position about justice, I shall present some objections to it to show that this position is untenable as an account of egalitarian justice.