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  1. Home
  2. Books
  3. Impulse Control Disorders
  • Cited by 5
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
July 2010
Print publication year:
2010
Online ISBN:
9780511711930
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511711930
Subjects:
Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry
Information

Book description

In the last decade, much needed attention and research has been focused on the group of psychiatric conditions termed 'impulse control disorders' or ICDs. Pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, kleptomania, hypersexuality, Internet 'addiction', among other disorders, are characterized by a recurrent urge to perform a repetitive behavior that is gratifying in the moment but causes significant long-term distress and disability. Despite the high rate of co-morbidity with obsessive compulsive disorder, ICDs are now clearly distinguished from these disorders with a unique clinical approach for diagnosis and treatment. A wide array of psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic options is now available for treating these disorders. Drs Elias Aboujaoude and Lorrin M. Koran have collated the world's foremost experts in ICD research and treatment to create a comprehensive book on the frequency, evolution, treatment, and related public policy, public health, forensic, and medical issues of these disorders. This is the first book to bring together medical and social knowledge bases related to impulse control disorders.

Reviews

'… a valuable guide to the DSM-IV category of impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified. … What makes this volume so interesting is the attention placed not just on the disorders themselves, but also on the social, cultural, and legal ramifications specific to each … coherent and thorough … This book deserves a place on the bookshelves of psychiatric educators and clinicians working with individuals who have impulse-control disorders.'

Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

‘… an important contribution to the clinician’s library. It is interesting and well researched … This work will be of interest to lay people and sociologists as well as clinicians.’

James Allen Wilcox Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry

'Impulse Control Disorders is not only a valuable source of information but also a well-written, interesting guide for researchers, clinicians or anyone who is interested in the personal and societal impact of these disorders beyond the mere symptoms.'

Source: Journal of Behavioral Addictions

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Contents

Page 2 of 2

Contents
  • 19 - The Sex Industry: Public Vice, Hidden Victims
    pp 213-220
  • View abstract

    Summary

    This chapter is about how to create a National Advocacy Organization. It presents a quick list of the things that would help to meet the need. The list included: raise public awareness; educate treatment professionals; set up regional support networks; support research; provide reliable information and resource referrals; centralize operations and create an ability to communicate; act as an archive for relevant data. There is a big difference between a support group and a non-profit charitable organization. Trichotillomania Learning Center (TLC)'s original board of directors numbered six: three from the support group, one from the Seattle call list, author's business partner, and lastly the author. The decision to create a non-profit entity was based on the fact that a charitable organization can receive tax-deductible contributions, which can and must be used in the service of the target population.
  • 20 - Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Clinical Aspects
    pp 221-232
  • View abstract

    Summary

    Skin picking is a common human behavior and often performed as a part of the daily grooming routine. Skin-picking disorder (SPD) is currently classified in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) as an impulse control disorder not otherwise specified along with compulsive impulsive (CI) Internet usage disorder, CI sexual behaviors, and CI shopping. The differential diagnosis of SPD includes medical and psychiatric conditions that cause skin picking directly or that create the sensations, such as pruritus, that lead to skin picking. Self-monitoring techniques can be used to assess the frequency of skin-picking behavior. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) modified for psychogenic excoriation is a ten-question, semistructured, clinician-administered scale that assesses the severity of skin picking in the previous week. Trichotillomania (TTM) is the most common comorbid impulse control disorder in patients with SPD.
  • 21 - Violence against Women: Preventing a Social Scourge
    pp 233-239
  • View abstract

    Summary

    Psychogenic excoriation affects up to 2% of patients in dermatology clinics and leads to marked functional disability, further emotional distress, and medical complications. Patients often develop disfiguring ulcers and scars as a result of uncontrollable skin picking and gouging. Psychogenic excoriation is not explicitly classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), but implicitly falls within the category of "impulse control disorders not otherwise specified". From the dermatological point of view, active acne vulgaris lesions, as well as the associated excoriations, ulcers, and scars, should be treated simultaneously. Self-inflicted skin ulcers and scars are often observed in patients with compulsive skin picking. Psychogenic excoriation poses a diagnostic and treatment challenge because patients often also have an undiagnosed underlying psychiatric disorder. Early and ongoing psychotherapeutic intervention will increase the likelihood of more effective management of this complex psychodermatosis.
  • 22 - Intimate Partner Violence: Aggression at Close Quarters
    pp 240-254
  • View abstract

    Summary

    This chapter uses the phrase nail biting rather than onychophagia because nail biting is more easily understood. Although most nail biters bite only their fingernails, some people bite their toenails as well or overclip their toenails. Occasionally, people may bite their nails as part of a behavioral disorder occasioned by intense pain. Nail biting can be reliably and simply measured by using calipers. For older teenagers and adults, the data from Malone and Massler's study indicate that fewer girls and women than boys and men bite their nails. Studies of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders have often revealed quite high levels of nail biting, among other habits. Only one trial of pharmacological agents has been described, in which clomipramine and desimipramine were compared in a double-blind, randomized study. A number of interventions have been proposed, but none has shown clear superiority in adequately designed trials.
  • 23 - Pyromania: Clinical Aspects
    pp 255-268
  • View abstract

    Summary

    This chapter discusses the cumulative effect of oral parafunctions (OPFs) on the health of a patient's natural dentition, dental restorations, oral soft structures, and temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Nail biting and other OPFs are common in young children. Consequently, unmanaged parafunctional habits may contribute to the etiology of trauma in the stomatognathic systems of adolescents and adults. Prevention, early detection, and intervention are important clinical activities to diminish the influences of chronic OPFs on the teeth, muscles, and temporomandibular joints. The dentist can assist in detecting OPFs, protecting vulnerable oral and TMJ structures, and making appropriate referrals. Although occlusal splints can protect the oral structures from wear, they have little effect on parafunctional habits. Growing evidence suggests that psychological interventions to address factors contributing to the maintenance of these adverse habits can assist patients in overcoming them.
  • Appendix I: - Treatment Guidelines
    pp 275-279
  • View abstract

    Summary

    This chapter deals with clinical aspects of problematic Internet use. It suggests that formal diagnostic criteria would enhance recognition of and research regarding problematic Internet use. Factor analysis extracted six factors from the Internet Addiction Test (IAT): salience, excessive use, neglect of work, anticipation, lack of control, and neglect of social life. These six factors strongly correlated with each other and showed good to moderate internal consistency. Caplan has described the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS), which was reliable and valid in a preliminary study. Patients' Internet use often appears to become problematic soon after they first use the Internet, possibly within 6 months to a year a time when they feel intimidated as well as fascinated by the new technology. Problematic Internet use may respond to serotonin reuptake inhibitors, although larger and longer controlled trials are needed to investigate this possibility.
  • Appendix II: - List of Scales and Assessment Instruments
    pp 280-296
  • View abstract

    Summary

    This chapter focuses on the link between playing violent video games and exhibiting aggressive behavior. Experimental and correlational studies have reported that playing violent video games is associated with increased levels of physiological arousal, decreased prosocial behaviors, greater hostility, more frequent arguments with teachers and poorer school performance, and more frequent physical fights and aggressive or antisocial behavior. Numerous video games contain some degree of violence, frequently with the player's character as both protagonist and perpetrator of the violence. In the virtual world of violent video games, the player may kill or injure computer-generated characters or other online gamers without any consequence, including punishment. Parental involvement is particularly important to ensure that children and adolescents with high levels of anger and hostility, conduct disorder, or antisocial behavior have restricted or no access to violent video games and other violent media.

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