The Court’s challenge to the New Deal culminated as the 1935-36 Term ended. The chapter describes the Court’s actions striking down the Guffey Bituminous Coal Conservation Act and its decision holding unconstitutional New York’s minimum wage statute. The chapter also describes cases invalidating legislative responses to the Depression that were not in fact genuine New Deal programs, though the tenor of the decisions was taken to show the Court’s general hostility to the Roosevelt administration.