Abu-Lughod, J., Before European Hegemony: The world-system AD 1250–1350 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Acharya, A., ‘Global international relations (IR) and regional worlds: A new agenda for international studies’, International Studies Quarterly, 58(4) (2014), pp. 647–59.Google Scholar

Acharya, A. The End of American World Order (London: Polity, 2014).Google Scholar

Adas, M., ‘Imperialism and colonialism in comparative perspective’, International History Review, 20(2) (1998), 371–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ahmed, A., ‘The role of ulema in Indo-Muslim history’, Studia Islamica, 31 (1970), 1–13.Google Scholar

Ahram, A. I. and King, C., ‘The warlord as arbitrageur’, Theory and Society, 41(2) (2012), 169–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alam, M., ‘The pursuit of Persian: Language in Mughal politics’, Modern Asian Studies, 32(2) (1998), 317–49.Google Scholar

Alavi, S., ‘The makings of company power: James Skinner in the ceded and conquered provinces, 1802–1840’, Indian Economic and Social Review, 30(4) (1993), 437–66.Google Scholar

Alavi, S. ‘The company army and rural society: The invalid Thanah 1780–1830’, Modern Asian Studies, 27(1) (1993), 147–78.Google Scholar

Alavi, S. The Sepoys and the Company: Tradition and transition in Northern India, 1770–1830 (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1995).Google Scholar

Alavi, S. ‘Introduction’ in Alavi, S. (ed.), The Eighteenth Century in India (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 1–56.Google Scholar

Allen, D. W., The Institutional Revolution: Measurement and the economic emergence of the modern world (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Anderson, M. R., ‘Islamic law and the colonial encounter in British India’ in Arnold, D. and Robb, P. (eds.), Institutions and Ideologies: A SOAS South Asia reader (London: Routledge Curzon, 1993), pp. 165–85.Google Scholar

Andrade, T., ‘The rise and fall of Dutch Taiwan, 1624–1662: Cooperative colonization and the statist model of European expansion’, Journal of World History, 17(4) (2006), 429–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Andrade, T. How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish and Han colonization in the seventeenth century (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Andrade, T. ‘Beyond guns, germs, and steel: European expansion and maritime Asia, 1400–1750’, Journal of Early Modern History, 14(1–2) (2010), 165–86.Google Scholar

Andrade, T. The Lost Colony: The untold story of China’s first great victory over the West (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Andrade, T. ‘Was the European sailing ship a key technology for European expansion? Evidence from East Asia’, International Journal of Maritime History, 23(2) (2011), 17–40.Google Scholar

Andrade, T. The Gunpowder Age: China, military innovation and the rise of the West in world history (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Andrade, T. and Hang, X. , ‘Introduction: The East Asian maritime realm in global history, 1500–1700’ in Andrade, T. and Hang, X. (eds.), Sea Rovers, Silver, and Samurai: Maritime East Asia in global history, 1550–1700 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2016), pp. 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Anievas, A. and Nişancioğlu, K., How the West Came to Rule: The geopolitical origins of capitalism (London: Pluto Press, 2015).Google Scholar

Anievas, A. and Nişancioğlu, K. ‘How did the West usurp the rest? Origins of the great divergence over the longue durée’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 59(1) (2017), 34–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arjomand, S. A., ‘The salience of political ethic in the spread of Persianate Islam’, Journal of Persianate Studies, 1(1) (2008), 5–29.Google Scholar

Arjomand, S. A. ‘Unity of the Persianate world under Turko-Mongolian domination and divergent development of imperial autocracies in the sixteenth century’, Journal of Persianate Studies, 9(1) (2016), 1–18.Google Scholar

Arjomand, S. A. ‘Persianate Islam and Its regional spread’ in Michel, P., Possamai, A. and Turner, B. S. (eds.), Religions, Nations, and Transnationalism in Multiple Modernities (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017), pp. 67–84.Google Scholar

Asher, C. B. and Talbot, C., India Before Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Atwill, D. G., The Chinese Sultanate: Islam, ethnicity and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856–1873 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Aust, M., ‘Rossia Siberica: Russian-Siberian history compared to medieval conquest and modern colonialism’, Review (Fernand Braudel Center), 27(3) (2004), 181–205.Google Scholar

Axworthy, M., The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from tribal warrior to conquering tyrant (London: I. B. Tauris, 2009).Google Scholar

Baker, A., ‘Divided sovereignty: Empire and nation in the making of modern Britain’, International Politics, 46(6) (2009), 691–711.Google Scholar

Balabanlilar, L., ‘Lords of the auspicious conjunction: Turco-Mongol imperial identity on the sub-continent’, Journal of World History, 18(1) (2007), 1–39.Google Scholar

Balabanlilar, L. Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire: Memory and dynastic politics in early modern South and Central Asia (London: I. B. Tauris, 2012).Google Scholar

Banks, D. E., ‘Fields of practice: Symbolic binding and the Qing defense of Sinocentric diplomacy’, International Studies Quarterly, 63(3) (2019), 546–57.Google Scholar

Barbour, R., ‘Power and distant display: Early English “ambassadors” in Moghul India’, Huntington Library Quarterly, 61(3–4) (1998), 343–68.Google Scholar

Barfield, T. J., ‘The shadow empires: Imperial state formation along the Chinese-nomad frontier’ in Alcock, S. E., D’Altroy, T. N., Morrison, K. D. and Sinopoli, Carla M. (eds.), Empires: Perspectives from archaeology and history (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 10–41.Google Scholar

Barfield, T. J. ‘Steppe empires, China, and the silk route: Nomads as a force in international trade and politics’ in Khazanov, A. M. and Wink, A. (eds.), Nomads in the Sedentary World (London: Routledge, 2001), pp. 234–49.Google Scholar

Barkey, K., Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in comparative perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Barkey, K. ‘Political legitimacy and Islam in the Ottoman Empire: Lessons learned’, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 40(4–5) (2014), 469–77.Google Scholar

Barua, P., ‘Military Developments in India, 1750–1850’, Journal of Military History, 58(4) (1994), 599–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baugh, D., The Global Seven Years War, 1754–1783: Britain and France in a great power contest (London: Routledge, 2014).Google Scholar

Bayly, C. A., Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian society in the age of British expansion, 1770–1870 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983).Google Scholar

Bayly, C. A. ‘The pre-history of “communalism”? Religious conflict in India, 1700–1860’, Modern Asian Studies, 19(2) (1985), 177–203.Google Scholar

Imperial Meridian: The British Empire and the world, 1780–1830 (London: Routledge, 1989).Google Scholar

Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).Google Scholar

Bayly, C. A. ‘The first age of global imperialism, c. 1760–1830’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 26(2) (1998), 28–47.Google Scholar

Bayly, C. A. Empire of Information: Intelligence gathering and social communication in India, 1780–1870 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).Google Scholar

Bayly, C. A. ‘“Archaic” and “modern” globalization in the Eurasian and African arena, c. 1750–1850’ in Hopkins, A. G. (ed.), Globalization in World History (New York: W. W. Norton, 2002), pp. 47–73.Google Scholar

Bayly, C. A. ‘Distorted development: The Ottoman Empire and British India, circa 1780–1916’, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 27(2) (2007), 332–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bayly, C. A. Recovering Liberties: Indian thought in the age of liberalism and empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Bell, C., The End of the Vasco da Gama Era (Sydney: The Lowy Institute, 2007).Google Scholar

Bentley, J. H., ‘Hemispheric integration, 500–1500 CE’, Journal of World History, 9(2) (1998), 237–54.Google Scholar

Bentley, J. H. ‘Sea and ocean basins as frameworks of historical analysis’, Geographical Review, 89(2) (1999), 215–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bentley, J. H., Subrahmanyam, S. and Wiesner-Hanks, M. E. (eds.), The Cambridge World History, 7 vols., VI: The Construction of a Global World, 1400–1800 CE, Pt I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015).Google Scholar

Subrahmanyam, S. and Wiesner-Hanks, M. E. (eds), The Cambridge World History, 7 vols., VI: The Construction of a Global World, 1400–1800 CE, Pt II (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015).Google Scholar

Benton, L., ‘Colonial law and cultural difference: Jurisdictional politics and the formation of the colonial state’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 41(3) (1999), 563–88.Google Scholar

Benton, L. Law and Colonial Cultures: Legal regimes in world history, 1400–1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).Google Scholar

Benton, L. ‘Legal spaces of empire: Piracy and the origins of ocean regionalism’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 47(4) (2005), 700–24.Google Scholar

Benton, L. and Clulow, A., ‘Empires and protection: Making interpolity law in the early modern world’, Journal of Global History, 12(1) (2017), 74–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clulow, A., ‘Webs of protection and interpolity zones in the early modern world’ in Benton, L., Clulow, A. and Attwood, B. (eds.), Protection and Empire: A global history (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2017), pp. 49–71.Google Scholar

Berkel, M., van, ‘The people of the pen: Self-perceptions of status and role in the administration of empires and polities’ in van Berkel, M. and Duindam, J. (eds.), Prince, Pen, and Sword: Eurasian perspectives (Leiden: Brill, 2018), pp. 384–451.Google Scholar

Berkel, M., van and Duindam, J. (eds.), Prince, Pen, and Sword: Eurasian perspectives (Leiden: Brill, 2018).Google Scholar

Biedermann, Z., ‘Portuguese diplomacy in Asia in the sixteenth century: A preliminary overview’, Itinerario, 29(2) (2005), 13–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Biedermann, Z. ‘The matrioshka principle and how it was overcome: Portuguese and Habsburg imperial attitudes in Sri Lanka and the responses of the rulers of Kotte (1506–1598)’, Journal of Early Modern History, 13(4) (2009), 265–310.Google Scholar

Biedermann, Z. (Dis)Connected Empires: Imperial Portugal, Sri Lankan diplomacy, and the making of a Habsburg conquest in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).Google Scholar

Birnbaum, M., ‘Recognizing diversity: Establishing religious difference in Pakistan and Israel’ in Phillips, A. and Reus-Smit, C. (eds.), Culture and Order in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020), pp. 250–70.Google Scholar

Blake, S. P., ‘Courtly culture under Babur and the early Mughals’, Journal of Asian History, 20(2) (1986), 193–214.Google Scholar

Bose, S., A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the age of global empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Brack, J., ‘Theologies of auspicious kingship: The Islamization of Chinggisid sacral kingship in the Islamic world’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 60(4) (2018), 1143–71.Google Scholar

Brown, K. B., ‘Did Aurangzeb ban music? Questions for the historiography of his reign’, Modern Asian Studies, 41(1) (2007), 77–120.Google Scholar

Bryant, G. J., ‘Indigenous mercenaries in the service of European imperialists: The case of the sepoys in the early British Indian army, 1750–1800’, War in History, 7(1) (2000), 2–28.Google Scholar

Bryant, G. J. ‘Asymmetric warfare: The British experience in eighteenth century India’, Journal of Military History, 68(2) (2004), 431–69.Google Scholar

Bryant, G. J. The Emergence of British Power in India, 1600–1784: A grand strategic interpretation (Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer, 2013).Google Scholar

Buchan, P. B., ‘The East India Company 1749–1800: The evolution of a territorial strategy and the changing role of the directors’, Business and Economic History, 23(1) (1994), 52–61.Google Scholar

Bull, H. and Watson, A. (eds.), The Expansion of International Society (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984).Google Scholar

Burbank, J., ‘An imperial rights regime: Law and citizenship in the Russian Empire’, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 7(3) (2006), 397–431.Google Scholar

Burbank, J. and Cooper, F., Empires in World History: Power and the politics of difference (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010).Google Scholar

Buzan, B., People, States and Fear: The national security problem in international relations (London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1983).Google Scholar

Buzan, B. ‘Culture and international society’, International Affairs, 86(1) (2010), 1–25.Google Scholar

Buzan, B. and Lawson, G. , The Global Transformation: History, modernity and the making of international relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015).Google Scholar

Callahan, R., ‘The company’s army, 1757–1798’ in Tuck, P. (ed.), The East India Company, 1600–1858, 6 vols., V: Warfare, expansion, and resistance (London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 21–31.Google Scholar

Canfield, R. L. (ed.), Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).Google Scholar

Cannadine, D., Ornamentalism: How the British saw their empire (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).Google Scholar

Cassel, P. K., ‘Excavating extraterritoriality: The “judicial sub-prefect” as a prototype for the mixed court in Shanghai’, Late Imperial China, 24(2) (2003), 156–82.Google Scholar

Cassel, P. K. Grounds of Judgement: Extraterritoriality and imperial power in nineteenth-century China and Japan (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Chandra, S., ‘Jizya and the state in India during the 17th century’, Economic and Social History of the Orient, 12(3) (1969), 322–40.Google Scholar

Chang, M. G., A Court on Horseback: Imperial touring and the construction of Qing rule, 1680–1785 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007).Google Scholar

Chaudhuri, K. N., ‘The economic and monetary problem of European trade with Asia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries’, Journal of European Economic History, 4(2) (1975), 323–58.Google Scholar

Chaudhuri, K. N. The Trading World of Asia and the East India Company, 1660–1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978).Google Scholar

Chaudhuri, K. N. Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean: An economic history from the rise of Islam to 1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985).Google Scholar

Chen, F. T.-S. ‘The Confucian view of world order’ in Janis, M. W. and Evans, C. (eds.), Religion and International Law (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2004), pp. 27–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chia, N., ‘The Lifanyuan and the inner Asian rituals of the early Qing (1644–1795)’, Late Imperial China, 14(1) (1993), 60–92.Google Scholar

Chin-Keong, N., ‘Information and knowledge: Qing China’s perceptions of the maritime world in the eighteenth century’ in Schottenhammer, A. (ed.), The East Asian Maritime World 1400–1800: Its fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2007), pp. 87–98.Google Scholar

Chow, K.-W., The Rise of Confucian Ritualism in Late Imperial China: Ethics, classics, and lineage discourse (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Cipolla, C. M., Guns, Sails and Empires: Technological innovation and the early phases of European expansion (New York: Minerva Press, 1965).Google Scholar

Clark, I., The Hierarchy of States: Reform and resistance in the international order (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).Google Scholar

Clulow, A., ‘European maritime violence and territorial states in early modern Asia, 1600–1650’, Itinerario, 33(3) (2009), 72–94.Google Scholar

Cohn, B. S., ‘Representing authority in Victorian India’ in Hobsbawm, E. and Ranger, T. (eds.), The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), pp. 165–210.Google Scholar

Cohn, B. S. Colonialism and its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996).Google Scholar

Collingham, E. M., Imperial Bodies: The physical experience of the Raj, c.1800–1947 (London: Polity, 2001).Google Scholar

Cooley, A. and Spruyt, H., Contracting States: Sovereignty transfers in international relations (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Cooper, R. G. S., The Anglo-Maratha Campaigns and the Contest for India: The struggle for control of the South Asian military economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Cooper, L., ‘Asian sources of British imperial power: The role of the Mysorean rocket in the Opium War’ in Anievas, A. and Matin, K. (eds.), Historical Sociology and World History: Uneven and combined development over the longue durée (London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016), pp. 111–26.Google Scholar

Cosmo, N., di, ‘Qing colonial administration in inner Asia’, International History Review, 20(2) (1998), 287–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cosmo, N. ‘State formation and periodization in inner Asian history’, Journal of World History, 10(1) (1999), 1–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cosmo, N. ‘Did guns matter? Firearms and the Qing formation’ in Struve, L. A. (ed.), The Qing Formation in World-Historical Time (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), pp. 121–66.Google Scholar

Cosmo, N. ‘The Manchu conquest in world-historical perspective: A note on trade and silver’, Journal of Central Eurasian Studies, 1 (2009), 43–60.Google Scholar

Cosmo, N. ‘From alliance to tutelage: A historical analysis of Manchu-Mongol relations before the Qing conquest’, Frontiers of History in China, 7(2) (2012), 175–97.Google Scholar

Cranmer-Byng, J. L. and Wills, J. E. Jr, ‘Trade and diplomacy with maritime Europe, 1644–c. 1800’ in Wills, J. E. Jr (ed.), China and Maritime Europe, 1500–1800: Trade, settlement, diplomacy, and missions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 183–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crossley, P. K., A Translucent Mirror: History and identity in Qing imperial ideology (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999).Google Scholar

Crossley, P. K. ‘Making Mongols’ in Crossley, P. K., Sui, H. F. and Sutton, D. S. (eds.), Empire at the Margins: Culture, ethnicity, and frontier in early modern China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006), pp. 58–82.Google Scholar

Curtin, P. D., Cross-Cultural Trade in World History (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1984).Google Scholar

Curtin, P. D. Death by Migration: Europe’s encounter with the tropical world in the nineteenth century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).Google Scholar

Curtin, P. D. The World and the West: The European challenge and the overseas response in the age of empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Dale, S. F., The Muslim Empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).Google Scholar

Dalrymple, W., The Last Mughal: The fall of a dynasty, Delhi, 1857 (New York: Vintage Books, 2008).Google Scholar

Darwin, J., After Tamerlane: The rise and fall of global empires, 1400–2000 (London: Bloomsbury Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Darwin, J. Unfinished Empire: The global expansion of Britain (New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Datla, K. S., ‘The origins of indirect rule in India: Hyderabad and the British imperial order’, Law and History Review, 33(2) (2015), 321–50.Google Scholar

Dehio, L., The Precarious Balance: Four centuries of European power struggle (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962).Google Scholar

Deudney, D. H., ‘Regrounding realism: Anarchy, security, and changing material contexts’, Security Studies, 10(1) (2000), 1–42.Google Scholar

Deudney, D. H. Bounding Power: Republican security theory from the polis to the global village (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Dirks, N. B., The Scandal of Empire: India and the creation of imperial Britain (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006).Google Scholar

Disney, A. R., A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire: From beginnings to 1807, 2 vols., II: The Portuguese Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Dolan, S. P. and Heirbaut, D., ‘“A patchwork of accommodations”: Reflections on European legal hybridity and jurisdictional complexity’ in Dolan, S. P. and Heirbaut, D. (eds.), The Laws’ Many Bodies, c.1600–1900 (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2015), pp. 9–34.Google Scholar

Doyle, M. W., Empires (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986).Google Scholar

D’Souza, R., ‘Crisis before the fall: Some speculations on the decline of the Ottomans, Safavids and Mughals’, Social Scientist, 30(9–10) (2002), 3–30.Google Scholar

DuBois, T. D. Religion and the Making of Modern East Asia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Duindam, J., ‘Rulers and elites in global history: Introductory observations’ in van Berkel, M. and Duindam, J. (eds.), Prince, Pen, and Sword: Eurasian perspectives (Leiden: Brill, 2018), pp. 1–31.Google Scholar

Dunne, T., ‘Society and hierarchy in international relations’, International Relations 17(3) (2003), 303–20.Google Scholar

Dunne, T. and Reus-Smit, C. (eds.), The Globalization of International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).Google Scholar

Eaton, R. M., The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).Google Scholar

Eaton, R. M. ‘The Persianate cosmopolis (900–1900) and the Sanskrit cosmopolis (400–1400)’ in Amanat, A. and Ashraf, A. (eds.), The Persianate World: Rethinking a shared sphere (Leiden: Brill, 2018), pp. 63–83.Google Scholar

Elias, N., The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and psychogenetic explanations (London: Blackwell Publishing, 2000).Google Scholar

Elliott, M. C., ‘Manchu widows and ethnicity in Qing China’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 41(1) (1999), 33–71.Google Scholar

Elliott, M. C. The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and ethnic identity in late Imperial China (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001).Google Scholar

Elliott, M. C. ‘Ethnicity in the Qing Eight Banners’ in Crossley, P. K., Sui, H. F. and Sutton, D. S. (eds.), Empire at the Margins: Culture, ethnicity and frontier in early modern China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006), pp. 27–57.Google Scholar

Elliott, M. C. and Chia, N. , ‘The Qing hunt at Mulan’ in Dunnell, R. W., Elliott, M. C., Foret, P. and Millward, J. A. (eds.), New Qing Imperial History: The making of inner Asian empire at Qing Chengde (London: Routledge, 2004), pp. 66–83.Google Scholar

Elverskog, J., Our Great Qing: The Mongols, Buddhism and the state in late Imperial China (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2006).Google Scholar

Erikson, E., Between Monopoly and Free Trade: The English East India Company, 1600–1757 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Evans, B. L., ‘The Panthay Mission of 1872 and its legacies’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 16(1) (1985), 117–28.Google Scholar

Evans, S., ‘Macaulay’s minute revisited: Colonial language policy in nineteenth-century India’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23(4) (2002), 260–81.Google Scholar

Fairbank, J. K., ‘Synarchy under the treaties’ in Fairbank, J. K. (ed.), Chinese Thought and Institutions (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1957), pp. 204–31.Google Scholar

Fairbank, J. K. ‘The canton trade and the Opium War’ in Fairbank, J. K. (ed.), The Cambridge History of China, 15 vols., X: Late Ch’ing, 1800–1911, Pt I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), pp. 163–212.Google Scholar

Fairbank, J. K. ‘The creation of the treaty system’ in Fairbank, J. K. (ed.), The Cambridge History of China, 15 vols., X: Late Ch’ing, 1800–1911, Pt I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), pp. 213–63.Google Scholar

Fairbank, J. K. and Goldman, M. , China: A new history (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2006).Google Scholar

Farquhar, D. M., ‘Mongolian versus Chinese elements in the early Manchu state’, Ch’ing-shih wen-t’i, 2(6) (1971), 11–23.Google Scholar

Farquhar, D. M. ‘Emperor as Bodhisattva in the governance of the Ch’ing Empire’, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 38(1) (1978), 5–34.Google Scholar

Faruqi, M. D., ‘At empire’s end: The Nizam, Hyderabad, and eighteenth-century India’, Modern Asian Studies, 43(1) (2009), 5–43.Google Scholar

Faruqi, M. D. The Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504–1719 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Fenech, L. E., ‘The Khalsa and the Rahit’ in Singh, P. and Fenech, L. E. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp. 240–9.Google Scholar

Fernando-Armesto, F., Before Columbus: Exploration and colonization from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, 1229–1492 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987).Google Scholar

Fernando-Armesto, F. Pathfinders: A global history of exploration (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007).Google Scholar

Fisch, J., ‘Law as a means and as an end: Some remarks on the function of European and non-European law in the process of European expansion’ in Mommsen, W. J. and de Moor, J. A. (eds.), European Expansion and Law: The encounter of European and indigenous law in 19th- and 20th-century Asia and Africa (Oxford: Berg, 1992), pp. 15–38.Google Scholar

Fisher, M. H., ‘The imperial coronation of 1819: Awadh, the British and the Mughals’, Modern Asian Studies, 19(2) (1985), 239–77.Google Scholar

Fisher, M. H. A Short History of the Mughal Empire (London: I. B. Taurus, 2016).Google Scholar

Flaten, L. T., Hindu Nationalism, History and Identity in India: Narrating a Hindu past under the BJP (London: Routledge, 2016).Google Scholar

Flores, J., ‘The sea world of the Mutasaddi: A profile of port officials from Mughal Gujarat (c.1600–1650)’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 21(1) (2011), 55–71.Google Scholar

Flynn, D. O. and Giráldez, A., ‘Born with a “silver spoon”: The origin of world trade in 1571’, Journal of World History, 6(2) (1995), 201–21.Google Scholar

Foltz, R., Religions of the Silk Road: Premodern patterns of globalization (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010).Google Scholar

Frank, A. G., ReOrient: Global economy in the Asian age (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Frykenberg, R. E., ‘Constructions of Hinduism at the nexus of history and religion’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 23(3) (1993), 523–50.Google Scholar

Fukuyama, F., The Origins of Political Order: From prehuman times to the French Revolution (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012).Google Scholar

Garza, A., de la,The Mughal Empire at War: Babur, Akbar and the Indian Military Revolution, 1500–1605 (London: Routledge, 2016).Google Scholar

Gavin, R. and Wagner, K. A., ‘Recruiting the “martial races”: Identities and military service in colonial India’, Patterns of Prejudice, 46(3–4) (2012), 232–54.Google Scholar

Gebhardt, J., ‘Negotiating barriers: Cross-cultural communication and the Portuguese mercantile community in Macau, 1550–1640’, Itinerario, 38(2) (2014), 27–50.Google Scholar

Geyer, M. and Bright, C., ‘World history in a global age’, American Historical Review, 100(4) (1995), 1034–60.Google Scholar

Giersch, C. P., Asian Borderlands: The transformation of Qing China’s Yunnan frontier (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006).Google Scholar

Gilpin, R., War and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).Google Scholar

Glosny, M. A. and Nexon, D. H., ‘The outsider advantage: Why liminal actors rise to system-wide domination’, unpublished manuscript presented at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, 2018.Google Scholar

Go, J., ‘Global fields and imperial forms: Field theory and the British and American empires’, Sociological Theory, 26(3) (2008), 201–29.Google Scholar

Goddard, S. E., ‘When right makes might: How Prussia overturned the European balance of power’, International Security, 33(3) (2008–9), 110–42.Google Scholar

Goh, E., The Struggle for Order: Hegemony, hierarchy, and transition in post-Cold War East Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goldstone, J. A., ‘Efflorescences and economic growth in world history: Rethinking the “rise of the West” and the industrial revolution’, Journal of World History, 13(2) (2002), 323–89.Google Scholar

Gommans, J., ‘The Eurasian frontier after the first millennium AD: Reflections along the fringe of time and space’, Medieval History Journal, 1(1) (1998), 125–43.Google Scholar

Gommans, J. ‘The silent frontier of South Asia, c. AD 1100–1800’, Journal of World History, 9(1) (1998), 1–23.Google Scholar

Gommans, J. Mughal Warfare: Indian frontiers and highroads to empire, 1500–1700 (London: Routledge, 2002).Google Scholar

Gommans, J. ‘Warhorse and gunpowder in India c. 1000–1850’ in Black, J. (ed.), War in the Early Modern World (London: Routledge, 2004), pp. 105–27.Google Scholar

Gommans, J. ‘Warhorse and post-nomadic empire in Asia, c. 1000–1800’, Journal of Global History, 2(1) (2007), 1–21.Google Scholar

Gommans, J. and Kolff, D. H. A. , ‘Introduction’ in Gommans, J. and Kolff, D. H. A. (eds.), Warfare and Weaponry in South Asia 1000–1800 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 1–42.Google Scholar

Gong, G. W., The Standard of ‘Civilization’ in International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984).Google Scholar

Gordon, S., The Marathas, 1600–1818 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).Google Scholar

Grewal, J. S., The Sikhs of the Punjab (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).Google Scholar

Gungwu, W., ‘The Chinese urge to civilize: Reflections on change’, Journal of Asian History, 18(1) (1984), 1–34.Google Scholar

Guy, R. K., ‘Who were the Manchus? A review essay’, Journal of Asian Studies, 61(1) (2002), 151–64.Google Scholar

Habib, I., The Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1556–1707 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963).Google Scholar

Habib, I. ‘The coming of 1857’, Social Scientist, 26(1–4) (1998), 6–15.Google Scholar

Habib, I. (ed.), Confronting Colonialism: Resistance and modernisation under Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan (London: Anthem Press, 2002).Google Scholar

Hang, X., Conflict and Commerce in Maritime Asia: The Zheng family and the shaping of the modern world, c.1620–1720 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015).Google Scholar

Hang, X. ‘The shogun’s Chinese partners: The alliance between Tokugawa Japan and the Zheng family in seventeenth-century maritime East Asia’, Journal of Asian Studies, 75(1) (2016), 111–36.Google Scholar

Hasan, F., ‘Conflict and cooperation in Anglo-Mughal trade relations during the reign of Aurangzeb’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 34(4) (1991), 351–60.Google Scholar

Hasan, F. State and Locality in Mughal India: Power relations in Western India, c.1572–1730 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).Google Scholar

Hatekar, N., ‘Farmers and markets in the pre-colonial Deccan: The plausibility of economic growth in a traditional society’, Past and Present, 178(1) (2003), 116–47.Google Scholar

Headrick, D. R., The Tools of Empire: Technology and European imperialism in the nineteenth century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981).Google Scholar

Headrick, D. R. Power Over Peoples: Technology, environments, and Western imperialism, 1400 to the present (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Helleiner, E., Forgotten Foundations of Bretton Woods: International development and the making of the postwar order (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Henley, D., ‘Conflict, justice, and the stranger-king indigenous roots of colonial rule in Indonesia and elsewhere’, Modern Asian Studies, 38(1) (2004), 85–144.Google Scholar

Herbert, C., War of No Pity: The Indian Mutiny and Victorian trauma (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Herman, J., ‘Collaboration and resistance on the southwest frontier: Early eighteenth-century Qing expansion on two fronts’, Late Imperial China, 35(1) (2014), 77–112.Google Scholar

Ho, D. D., ‘The burning shore: Fujian and the coastal depopulation, 1661–1683’ in Andrade, T. and Hang, X. (eds.), Sea Rovers, Silver, and Samurai: Maritime East Asia in global history, 1550–1700 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2016), pp. 260–89.Google Scholar

Ho, P.-T., ‘In defence of Sinicization: A rebuttal of Evelyn Rawski’s “reenvisioning the Qing”’, Journal of Asian Studies, 57(1) (1998), 123–55.Google Scholar

Hobsbawm, E., The Age of Empire, 1875–1914 (London: Vintage, 1989).Google Scholar

Hobson, J. M., The Eastern Origins of Western Civilization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).Google Scholar

Hobson, J. M. ‘The twin self-delusions of IR: Why “hierarchy” and not “anarchy” is the core concept of IR’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 42(3) (2014), 557–75.Google Scholar

Hobson, J. M. and Sharman, J. C. , ‘The enduring place of hierarchy in world politics: Tracing the social logics of hierarchy and political change’, European Journal of International Relations, 11(1) (2005), 63–98.Google Scholar

Hofmeister, U., ‘Civilization and Russification in Tsarist Central Asia, 1860–1917’, Journal of World History, 27(3) (2016), 411–42.Google Scholar

Holt, M. P., The French Wars of Religion, 1562–1629 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Horowitz, R. S., ‘International law and state transformation in China, Siam, and the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century’, Journal of World History, 15(4) (2004), 445–86.Google Scholar

Horsman, R., Race and Manifest Destiny: The origins of American Anglo-Saxonism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981).Google Scholar

Hsu, I. C. Y., ‘Late Ch’ing foreign relations, 1866–1905’ in Fairbank, J. K. and Liu, K.-C. (eds.), The Cambridge History of China, 15 vols., XI: Late Ch’ing, 1800–1911, Pt II (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), pp. 70–141.Google Scholar

Hui, V. T.-B., ‘Toward a dynamic theory of international politics: Insights from comparing ancient China and early modern Europe’, International Organization, 58(1) (2004), 175–205.Google Scholar

Hui, V. T.-B. War and State Formation in Ancient China and Early Modern Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Hutchins, H. G., The Illusion of Permanence: British imperialism in India (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967).Google Scholar

Irwin, D. A., ‘Mercantilism as strategic trade policy: The Anglo-Dutch rivalry for the East India trade’, Journal of Political Economy, 99(6) (1991), 1296–314.Google Scholar

Jackson, P. T. and Nexon, D. H., ‘Relations before states: Substance, process and the study of world politics’, European Journal of International Relations, 5(3) (1999), 291–332.Google Scholar

Jacques, M., When China Rules the World: The end of the Western world and the birth of a new global order (London: Penguin, 2012).Google Scholar

Jenks, R. D., Insurgency and Social Disorder in Guizhou: The ‘Miao’ Rebellion, 1854–1873 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Jha, M. K., ‘South Asia, 1400–1800: The Mughal Empire and the Turco-Persianate tradition in the Indian subcontinent’ in Fairey, J. and Farrell, B. P. (eds.), Empire in Asia: A new global history, 2 vols., I: From Chinggisid to Qing (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018), pp. 141–70.Google Scholar

Jones, E., The European Miracle: Environments, economies and geopolitics in the history of Europe and Asia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Kang, D. C., ‘Hierarchy in Asian international relations: 1300–1900’, Asian Security, 1(1) (2005), 53–79.Google Scholar

Kang, D. C. ‘Hierarchy and legitimacy in international systems: The tribute system in early modern East Asia’, Security Studies, 19(4) (2010), 591–622.Google Scholar

Kaufman, S. J., Little, R. and Wohlforth, W. C. (eds.), The Balance of Power in World History (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).Google Scholar

Kayaoglu, T., Legal Imperialism: Sovereignty and extraterritoriality in Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).Google Scholar

Kayaoglu, T. ‘Westphalian eurocentrism in international relations theory’, International Studies Review, 12(2) (2010), 193–217.Google Scholar

Keay, J. India: A history (London: Grove Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Keen, C., Princely India and the British: Political development and the operation of empire (London: I. B. Tauris, 2012).Google Scholar

Keliher, M., ‘The Manchu Transformation of Li: Ritual, politics, and law in the making of Qing China, 1631–1690’. PhD diss., Harvard University, 2015.Google Scholar

Kelly, R. E., ‘A “Confucian long peace” in pre-Western East Asia?’, European Journal of International Relations, 18(3) (2012), 407–30.Google Scholar

Khan, I. A., ‘State in the Mughal India: Re-examining the myths of a counter-vision’, Social Scientist, 29(1–2) (2001), 16–45.Google Scholar

Khan, I. A. ‘The regulations of Tipu Sultan for his state trading enterprise’ in Habib, I. (ed.), Confronting Colonialism: Resistance and modernisation under Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan (London: Anthem Press, 2002), pp. 148–60.Google Scholar

Khan, I. A. Gunpowder and Firearms: Warfare in medieval India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004).Google Scholar

Khan, I. A. ‘Tracing sources of principles of Mughal governance: A critique of recent historiography’, Social Scientist, 37(5–6) (2009), 45–54.Google Scholar

Kia, M., ‘Moral refinement and manhood in Persian’ in Pernau, M. et al. (eds.), Civilizing Emotions: Concepts in nineteenth century Asia and Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 146–65.Google Scholar

Kim, H.-D., Holy War in China: The Muslim rebellion and state in Chinese Central Asia, 1864–1877 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004).Google Scholar

Kim, K.-H., The Last Phase of the East Asian World Order: Korea, Japan, and the Chinese Empire, 1860–1882 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979).Google Scholar

King, R., ‘Orientalism and the modern myth of “Hinduism”’, Numen, 46(2) (1999), 146–85.Google Scholar

Kinra, R., ‘Handling diversity with absolute civility: The global historical legacy of Mughal Ṣulḥ-i-Kull’, Medieval History Journal, 16(2) (2013), 251–95.Google Scholar

Kivelson, V. A. and Suny, R. G., Russia’s Empires (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).Google Scholar

Kolff, D. H. A., ‘The end of the Ancien Régime: Colonial war in India, 1798–1818’ in de Moor, J. A. and Wesseling, H. L. (eds.), Imperialism and War: Essays on colonial wars in Asia and Africa (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1989), pp. 22–49.Google Scholar

Kolff, D. H. A. Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The ethnohistory of the military labour market in Hindustan, 1450–1850 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).Google Scholar

Krasner, S. D., ‘Organized hypocrisy in nineteenth‐century East Asia’, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 1(2) (2001), 173–97.Google Scholar

Kuhn, P. A., ‘Origins of the Taiping vision: Cross-cultural dimensions of a Chinese rebellion’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 19(3) (1977), 350–66.Google Scholar

Kuhn, P. A. ‘The Taiping Rebellion’ in Fairbank, J. K. (ed.), The Cambridge History of China, 15 vols., X: Late Ch’ing, 1800–1911, Pt I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), pp. 264–317.Google Scholar

Kumar, R. ‘The Mysore navy under Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan’ in Habib, I. (ed.), Confronting Colonialism: Resistance and modernisation under Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan (London: Anthem Press, 2002), pp. 175–81.Google Scholar

Kyriazis, N. and Metaxas, T., ‘Path dependence, change and the emergence of the first joint-stock companies’, Business History, 53(3) (2011), 363–74.Google Scholar

Lake, D. A., Hierarchy in International Relations (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Langlois, J. D. Jr, ‘Chinese culturalism and the Yüan analogy: Seventeenth-century perspectives’, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 40(2) (1980), 355–98.Google Scholar

Lapidus, I. M., ‘Knowledge, virtue, and action: The classical Muslim conception of adab and the nature of religious fulfilment in Islam’ in Medcalf, B. D. (ed.), Moral Conduct and Authority: The place of adab in South Asian Islam (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984), pp. 38–61.Google Scholar

Lattimore, O., ‘Inner Asian frontiers: Chinese and Russian margins of expansion’, Journal of Economic History, 7(1) (1947), 24–52.Google Scholar

Laver, M. S., The Sakoku Edicts and the Politics of Tokugawa Hegemony (New York: Cambria Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Lawson, G., ‘The global transformation: The nineteenth century and the making of modern international relations’, International Studies Quarterly, 57(3) (2013), 620–34.Google Scholar

Lawson, P., The East India Company: A history (New York: Longman, 1993).Google Scholar

Lee, J.-Y., ‘Diplomatic ritual as a power resource: The politics of asymmetry in early modern Chinese-Korean relations’, Journal of East Asian Studies, 13(2) (2013), 309–36.Google Scholar

Lee, J.-Y. China’s Hegemony: Four hundred years of East Asian domination (New York: Columbia University Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Leff, G., ‘Heresy and the decline of the medieval church’, Past and Present, 20(1) (1961), 36–51.Google Scholar

Lefèvre, C., ‘In the name of the fathers: Mughal genealogical strategies from Babur to Shah Jahan’, Religions of South Asia, 5(1–2) (2011), 409–42.Google Scholar

Leibold, J., Reconfiguring Chinese Nationalism: How the Qing frontier and its indigenes became Chinese (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).Google Scholar

Levene, M., ‘Empires, native peoples, and genocide’ in Moses, D. (ed.), Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, occupation, and subaltern resistance in world history (New York: Berghahn Books, 2008), pp. 183–204.Google Scholar

Li, G. R., ‘State building before 1644’ in Peterson, W. J. (ed.), The Cambridge History of China, 15 vols., IX: The Ch’ing Empire to 1800, Pt I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 9–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lieberman, V., ‘Protected rimlands and exposed zones: Reconfiguring premodern Eurasia’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 50(3) (2008), 692–723.Google Scholar

Lieberman, V. Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in global context, 2 vols., II: Mainland Mirrors: Europe, Japan, China, South Asia, and the islands (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Little, R., International Systems in World History: Remaking the study of international relations (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).Google Scholar

Lorge, P. A., The Asian Military Revolution: From gunpowder to the bomb (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Lynn, J. A., ‘Heart of the sepoy: The adoption and adaption of European military practice in South Asia, 1740–1805’ in Goldman, E. O. and Eliason, L. C. (eds.), The Diffusion of Military Technology and Ideas (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), pp. 33–62.Google Scholar

MacDonald, P., Networks of Domination: The social foundations of peripheral conquest in international politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Macaulay, T., ‘Minute by the Honourable T. B. Macaulay, dated the 2nd February 1835’ in Sharp, H. (ed.), Selections from Educational Records, 1781–1839, Pt I (Delhi: National Archives of India, 1965 [1920]), pp. 107–17. Available at: https://bit.ly/2NcqYHt (accessed 20 April 2018).Google Scholar

Mackay, J., ‘Pirate nations: Maritime pirates as escape societies in late Imperial China’, Social Science History, 37(4) (2013), 551–73.Google Scholar

Mackay, J. ‘Legitimation strategies in international hierarchies’, International Studies Quarterly, 63(3) (2019), 717–25.Google Scholar

Maier, C. S., Leviathan 2.0: Inventing modern statehood (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Maloni, R., ‘Europeans in seventeenth century Gujarat: Presence and response’, Social Scientist, 36(3–4) (2008), 64–99.Google Scholar

Mamdani, M., Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the legacy of late colonialism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996).Google Scholar

Mamdani, M. Define and Rule: Native as political identity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Mann, M., The Sources of Social Power, 4 vols., I: A History of Power from the Beginning to AD 1760, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Mann, M. The Sources of Social Power, 4 vols., III: Global Empires and Revolution, 1890–1945, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Mann, M. ‘Review article: The great divergence’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 46(2) (2018), 241–8.Google Scholar

Mann, S., ‘Women, families, and gender relations’ in Peterson, W. J. (ed.), The Cambridge History of China, 15 vols., IX: The Ch’ing Empire to 1800, Pt I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 428–72.Google Scholar

Mantena, K., Alibis of Empire: Henry Maine and the ends of liberal imperialism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010).Google Scholar

Marshall, P. J., ‘British expansion in India in the eighteenth century: A historical revision’, History, 60(198) (1975), 28–43.Google Scholar

Marshall, P. J. Bengal: The British bridgehead, Eastern India 1740–1828 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).Google Scholar

Marshall, P. J. The Making and Unmaking of Empires: Britain, India and America c.1750–1783 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Mazower, M., Hitler’s Empire: How the Nazis ruled Europe (New York: Penguin, 2008).Google Scholar

McCord, E. A., ‘Militia and local militarization in late Qing and early Republican China: The case of Hunan’, Modern China, 14(2) (1988), 156–87.Google Scholar

McNeill, W. H., The Rise of the West: A history of the human community (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963).Google Scholar

McNeill, W. H. The Pursuit of Power: Technology, armed force and society since AD 1000 (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1982).Google Scholar

McNeill, W. H. The Age of Gunpowder Empires, 1450–1800 (Washington, DC: American Historical Association, 1989).Google Scholar

McNeill, W. H. Plagues and Peoples (New York: Bantam Doubleday, 1998).Google Scholar

Meersbergen, G. van, ‘The diplomatic repertories of the East India companies in Mughal South Asia, 1608–1717’, Historical Journal, 62(4) (2019), 875–98.Google Scholar

Melo, J. V., ‘Seeking prestige and survival: Gift exchange practices between the Portuguese Estado da India and Asian rulers’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 56(4–5) (2013), 672–95.Google Scholar

‘In search of a shared language: The Goan diplomatic protocol’, Journal of Early Modern History, 20(4) (2016), 390–407.Google Scholar

Meredith, R., The Elephant and the Dragon: The rise of India and China and what it means for all of us (New York: W. W. Norton, 2008).Google Scholar

Metcalf, T. R., Ideologies of the Raj (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).Google Scholar

Meurer, S., ‘Approaches to state-building in eighteenth-century Bengal’ in Fluchter, A. and Richter, S. (eds.), Structures on the Move: Technologies of governance in transcultural encounter (Heidelberg: Springer, 2012), pp. 219–41.Google Scholar

Michael, F., The Taiping Rebellion: History and documents, 3 vols., I: History (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1966).Google Scholar

Millward, J. A., Beyond the Pass: Economy, ethnicity, and empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759–1864 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Millward, J. A. ‘Qing inner Asian empire and the return of the Torghuts’ in Dunnell, R. W., Elliott, M. C., Foret, P. and Millward, J. A. (eds.), New Qing Imperial History: The making of inner Asian empire at Qing Chengde (London: Routledge, 2004), pp. 91–105.Google Scholar

Millward, J. A. ‘The Qing formation, the Mongol legacy and the “end of history” in early modern Central Eurasia’ in Struve, L. A. (ed.), The Qing Formation in World-Historical Time (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), pp. 92–120.Google Scholar

Millward, J. A. ‘Qing and twentieth-century Chinese diversity regimes’ in Phillips, A. and Reus-Smit, C. (eds.), Culture and Order in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020), pp. 71–92.Google Scholar

Mio, K., ‘The Ch’ing Dynasty and the East Asian world’, Acta Asiatica, 88 (2005), 87–109.Google Scholar

Mohan, J., ‘The glory of ancient India stems from her Aryan blood: French anthropologists “construct” the racial history of India for the world’, Modern Asian Studies, 50(5) (2016), 1576–618.Google Scholar

Moin, A. A., ‘Islam and the Millennium: Sacred kingship and popular imagination in early modern India and Iran’. PhD diss., University of Michigan, 2010.Google Scholar

Moller, J., ‘Why Europe avoided hegemony: A historical perspective on the balance of power’, International Studies Quarterly, 58(4) (2014), 660–70.Google Scholar

Monahan, E., The Merchants of Siberia: Trade in early modern Eurasia (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Moosvi, S., ‘The evolution of the “Manṣab” system under Akbar until 1596–7’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 2 (1981), 173–85.Google Scholar

Morgan, D., ‘The decline and fall of the Mongol Empire’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 19(4) (2009), 427–37.Google Scholar

Motyl, A. J., Imperial Ends: The decay, collapse, and revival of empires (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Mulich, J., ‘Transformation at the margins: Imperial expansion and systemic change in world politics’, Review of International Studies, 44(4) (2019), 649–716.Google Scholar

Munkler, H., Empires: The logic of world domination from Ancient Rome to the United States (London: Polity Press, 2007).Google Scholar

Nadri, G. A., Eighteenth-Century Gujarat: The dynamics of its political economy, 1750–1800 (Leiden: Brill, 2009).Google Scholar

Narangoa, L. and Cribb, R., Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia 1590–2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Nath, P., ‘Through the lens of war: Akbar’s sieges (1567–69) and Mughal empire-building in early modern north India’, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 41(2) (2018), 245–58.Google Scholar

Nath, P. Climate of Conquest: War, environment, and empire in Mughal north India (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).Google Scholar

Nedal, D. K. and Nexon, D. H., ‘Anarchy and authority: International structure, the balance of power, and hierarchy’, Journal of Global Security Studies, 4(2) (2019), 169–89.Google Scholar

Newbury, C., Patrons, Clients, and Empire: Chieftaincy and over-rule in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Nexon, D. H., The Struggle for Power in Early Modern Europe: Religious conflict, dynastic empires, and international change (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Nexon, D. H. and Neumann, I. B., ‘Hegemonic-order theory: A field-theoretic account’, European Journal of International Relations, 24(3) (2018), 662–86.Google Scholar

Wright, T., ‘What’s at stake in the American empire debate’, American Political Science Review, 101(2) (2007), 253–71.Google Scholar

Nichols, J., ‘Forerunners to globalization: The Eurasian steppe and its periphery’, Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, 38 (2011), 177–95.Google Scholar

North, D. C., Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).Google Scholar

Omissi, D., ‘“Martial races”: Ethnicity and security in colonial India, 1858–1939’, War and Society, 9(1) (1991), 1–27.Google Scholar

Onley, J., ‘The Raj reconsidered: British India’s informal empire and spheres of influence in Asia and Africa’, Asian Affairs, 40(1) (2009), 44–62.Google Scholar

Osiander, A., Before the State: Systemic political change in the West from the Greeks to the French Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Palat, R. A., ‘Power pursuits: Interstate systems in Asia’, Asian Review of World Histories, 1(2) (2013), 227–63.Google Scholar

Panikkar, K. M., Asia and Western Dominance: A survey of the Vasco da Gama epoch of Asian history, 1498–1945 (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1953).Google Scholar

Park, S.-H., ‘Changing definitions of sovereignty in nineteenth-century East Asia: Japan and Korea between China and the West’, Journal of East Asian Studies, 13(2) (2013), 281–307.Google Scholar

Parker, G., The Military Revolution: Military innovation and the rise of the West, 1500–1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).Google Scholar

Pearson, M. N., ‘Shivaji and the decline of the Mughal Empire’, Journal of Asian Studies, 35(2) (1976), 221–35.Google Scholar

Pearson, M. N. ‘Merchants and states’ in Tracy, J. D. (ed.), The Political Economy of Merchant Empires: State power and world trade, 1350–1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 41–116.Google Scholar

Peers, D. M., ‘“The habitual nobility of being”: British officers and the social construction of the Bengal army in the early nineteenth century’, Modern Asian Studies, 25(3) (1991), 545–69.Google Scholar

Peers, D. M. ‘Revolution, evolution, or devolution: The military and the making of colonial India’ in Lee, W. E. (ed.), Empires and Indigenes: Intercultural alliance, imperial expansion, and warfare in the early modern world (New York: New York University Press, 2011), pp. 81–107.Google Scholar

Peifer, D. C., ‘Maritime commerce warfare: The coercive response of the weak?’, Naval War College Review, 66(2) (2013), 83–109.Google Scholar

Perdue, P. C., ‘Military mobilization in seventeenth and eighteenth-century China, Russia, and Mongolia’, Modern Asian Studies, 30(4) (1996), 757–93.Google Scholar

Perdue, P. C. ‘Boundaries, maps, and movement: Chinese, Russian, and Mongolian empires in early modern Central Eurasia’, International History Review, 20(2) (1998), 263–86.Google Scholar

Perdue, P. C. ‘The Qing Empire in Eurasian time and space: Lessons from the Galdan campaigns’ in Struve, L. A. (ed.), The Qing Formation in World-Historical Time (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), pp. 57–91.Google Scholar

Perdue, P. C. China Marches West: The Qing conquest of Central Eurasia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Perdue, P. C. ‘Coercion and commerce on two Chinese frontiers’ in di Cosmo, N (ed.), Military Culture in Imperial China (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), pp. 317–38.Google Scholar

Perdue, P. C. ‘Boundaries and trade in the early modern world: Negotiations at Nerchinsk and Beijing’, Eighteenth-Century Studies, 43(3) (2010), 341–56.Google Scholar

Perdue, P. C. ‘The tenacious tributary system’, Journal of Contemporary China, 24(96) (2015), 1002–14.Google Scholar

Pettigrew, W. A., ‘Corporate constitutionalism and the dialogue between the global and local in seventeenth-century English history’, Itinerario, 39(3) (2015), 487–501.Google Scholar

Phillips, A., War, Religion and Empire: The transformation of international orders (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Phillips, A. ‘Civilizing missions and the rise of international hierarchies in early modern Asia’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 42(3) (2014), 697–717.Google Scholar

Phillips, A. ‘The global transformation, multiple early modernities, and international systems change’, International Theory, 8(3) (2016), 481–91.Google Scholar

Phillips, A. ‘Asian incorporation and the collusive dynamics of Western “expansion” in the early modern world’ in Go, J. and Lawson, G. (eds.), Global Historical Sociology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017), pp. 182–98.Google Scholar

Phillips, A. ‘International systems’ in Dunne, T. and Reus-Smit, C. (eds.), The Globalization of International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), pp. 43–62.Google Scholar

Phillips, A. ‘Making empires: Hierarchy, conquest and customization’ in Zarakol, A. (ed.), Hierarchies in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017), pp. 43–65.Google Scholar

Phillips, A. and Reus-Smit, C. (eds.), Culture and Order in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020).Google Scholar

Phillips, A. and Sharman, J. C., Outsourcing Empire: How company-states made the modern world (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2020).Google Scholar

Po, R. C., ‘Mapping maritime power and control: A study of the late eighteenth century Qisheng yanhai tu (a coastal map of the seven provinces)’, Late Imperial China, 37(2) (2016), 93–136.Google Scholar

Po, R. C. The Blue Frontier: Maritime vision and power in the Qing Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018).Google Scholar

Pollock, S., ‘The vernacular millennium: Literary culture and polity, 1000–1500’, Daedalus, 127(3) (1998), 41–74.Google Scholar

Pomeranz, K., The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the making of the modern world economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000).Google Scholar

Porter, A., ‘“Commerce and Christianity”: The rise and fall of a nineteenth-century missionary slogan’, Historical Journal, 28(3) (1985), 597–621.Google Scholar

Prange, S. R., ‘Scholars and the sea: A historiography of the Indian Ocean’, History Compass, 6(5) (2008), 1382–93.Google Scholar

Prange, S. R. ‘A trade of no dishonor: Piracy, commerce, and community in the Western Indian Ocean, twelfth to sixteenth century’, American Historical Review, 116(5) (2011), 1269–93.Google Scholar

Prange, S. R. ‘The contested sea: Regimes of maritime violence in the pre-modern Indian Ocean’, Journal of Early Modern History, 17(1) (2013), 9–33.Google Scholar

Pratt, M. L., Imperial Eyes: Travel writing and transculturation (London: Routledge, 2006).Google Scholar

Rahman, T., ‘Decline of Persian in British India’, South Asia, 22(1) (1999), 47–62.Google Scholar

Rappaport, E., A Thirst for Empire: How tea shaped the modern world (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017).Google Scholar

Rawski, E. S., ‘The Qing Empire during the Qianlong reign’ in Dunnell, R. W., Elliott, M. C., Foret, P. and Millward, J. A. (eds.), New Qing Imperial History: The making of inner Asian empire at Qing Chengde (London: Routledge, 2004), pp. 15–21.Google Scholar

Rawski, E. S. Early Modern China and Northeast Asia: Cross-border perspectives (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015).Google Scholar

Reed, I. A., ‘Chains of power and their representation’, Sociological Theory, 35(2) (2017), 87–117.Google Scholar

Reilly, T. H., The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: Rebellion and the blasphemy of empire (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2004).Google Scholar

Reus-Smit, C., ‘Struggles for individual rights and the expansion of the international system’, International Organization, 65(2) (2011), 207–42.Google Scholar

Reus-Smit, C. Individual Rights and the Making of the International System (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Reus-Smit, C. ‘Cultural diversity and international order’, International Organization, 71(4) (2017), 851–85.Google Scholar

Reus-Smit, C. On Cultural Diversity: International theory in a world of difference (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018).Google Scholar

Richards, J. F., ‘The imperial crisis in the Deccan’, Journal of Asian Studies, 35(2) (1976), 237–56.Google Scholar

Richards, J. F. The New Cambridge History of India, V: The Mughal Empire, Pt I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).Google Scholar

Richards, J. F. ‘Warriors and the state in early modern India’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 47(3) (2004), 390–400.Google Scholar

Ricklefs, M., A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300 (Berkeley: Stanford University Press, 1993).Google Scholar

Ringrose, D., Europeans Abroad, 1450–1750 (London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018).Google Scholar

Rosen, S., Societies and Military Power: India and its armies (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996).Google Scholar

Roy, K., ‘The construction of regiments in the Indian army: 1859–1913’, War in History, 8(2) (2001), 127–48.Google Scholar

Roy, K. ‘Military synthesis in South Asia: Armies, warfare and Indian society, c.1740–1849’, Journal of Military History, 69(3) (2005), 651–90.Google Scholar

Roy, K. ‘The armed expansion of the English East India Company: 1740s–1849’ in Marston, D. P. and Sundaram, C. S. (eds.), A Military History of India and South Asia: From the East India Company to the nuclear age (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008), pp. 1–15.Google Scholar

Roy, K. ‘The hybrid military establishment of the East India Company in South Asia: 1750–1849’, Journal of Global History, 6(2) (2011), 195–218.Google Scholar

Roy, K. ‘Horses, guns and governments: A comparative study of the military transition in the Manchu, Mughal, Ottoman and Safavid Empires, circa 1400 to circa 1750’, International Area Studies Review, 15(2) (2012), 99–121.Google Scholar

Roy, T., India in the World Economy: From antiquity to the present (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Roy, T. ‘Rethinking the origins of British India: State formation and military-fiscal undertakings in an eighteenth-century world region’, Modern Asian Studies, 47(4) (2013), 1125–56.Google Scholar

Said, E., Orientalism (London: Routledge Kegan & Paul, 1978).Google Scholar

Sana, R. P., ‘Was there an agrarian crisis in Mughal north India in the late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries?’, Social Scientist, 34(11–12) (2006), 18–32.Google Scholar

Sarkar, J. A Short History of Aurangzib (London: Orient Longman, 2009).Google Scholar

Schottenhammer, A., ‘Characteristics of Qing China’s maritime trade politics, Shunzhi through Qianlong reigns’ in Schottenhammer, A. (ed.), Trading Networks in Early Modern East Asia (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010).Google Scholar

Setzekorn, E., ‘Chinese imperialism, ethnic cleansing, and military history, 1850–1877’, Journal of Chinese Military History, 4(1) (2015), 80–100.Google Scholar

Sgourev, S. V. and Lent, W. van, ‘Balancing permission and prohibition: Private trade and adaptation at the VOC’, Social Forces, 93(3) (2015), 933–55.Google Scholar

Shaffer, L., ‘Southernization’, Journal of World History, 5(1) (1994), 1–21.Google Scholar

Shaffer, L. Maritime Southeast Asia to 1500 (New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1996).Google Scholar

Sharman, J. C., Empires of the Weak: The real story of European expansion and the creation of the new world order (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019).Google Scholar

Sheikh, S., ‘Aurangzeb as seen from Gujarat: Shi’i and millenarian challenges to Mughal sovereignty’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 28(3) (2018), 557–81.Google Scholar

Shigeki, I., ‘China’s frontier society in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries’, Acta Asiatica, 88 (2005), 1–20.Google Scholar

Siddiqi, M., The British Historical Context and Petitioning in India (New Delhi: Aakar Books, 2005).Google Scholar

Siebenhüner, K., ‘Approaching diplomatic and courtly gift-giving in Europe and Mughal India: Shared practices and cultural diversity’, Medieval History Journal, 16(2) (2013), 525–46.Google Scholar

Singh, P., ‘An overview of Sikh history’ in Singh, P. and Fenech, L. E. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp. 19–34.Google Scholar

Slezkine, Y., Arctic Mirrors: Russia and the small peoples of the north (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Smith, R. J., Mercenaries and Mandarins: The Ever-Victorious Army in nineteenth century China (New York: KTO Press, 1978).Google Scholar

Solomon, S., Water: The epic struggle for wealth, power, and civilization (New York: Harper Perennial, 2011).Google Scholar

Souza, G. B., The Survival of Empire: Portuguese trade and society in China and the South China Sea 1630–1754 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).Google Scholar

Spence, J. D., God’s Chinese Son: The Taiping heavenly kingdom of Hong Xiuquan (New York: W. W. Norton, 1996).Google Scholar

Spence, J. D. The Search for Modern China (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999).Google Scholar

Spruyt, H., The Sovereign State and its Competitors (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Stanley, B., ‘“Commerce and Christianity”: Providence theory, the missionary movement, and the imperialism of free trade, 1842–1860’, Historical Journal, 26(1) (1983), 71–94.Google Scholar

Steensgaard, N., Caravans, Carracks and Companies: The structural crisis in the European-Asia trade in the early 17th century (Lund: Studenliterratur, 1973).Google Scholar

Stein, B., ‘Eighteenth century India: Another view’, Studies in History, 5(1) (1989), 1–26.Google Scholar

Steinberg, P. E., The Social Construction of the Ocean (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).Google Scholar

Stern, P. J., The Company-State: Corporate sovereignty and the early modern foundations of the British Empire in India (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Stern, P. J. ‘“Bundles of hyphens”: Corporations as legal communities in the early modern British Empire’ in Benton, L. and Ross, R. J. (eds.), Legal Pluralism and Empires, 1500–1850 (New York: New York University Press, 2013), pp. 21–48.Google Scholar

Stokes, E., The English Utilitarians and India (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959).Google Scholar

Streusand, D. E., The Formation of the Mughal Empire (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991).Google Scholar

Streusand, D. E. Islamic Gunpowder Empires: Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals (London: Routledge, 2010).Google Scholar

Struve, L. A., ‘Introduction’ in Struve, L. A. (ed.), The Qing Formation in World-Historical Time (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), pp. 1–54.Google Scholar

Stubbings, M., ‘British conservatism and the Indian Revolt: The annexation of Awadh and the consequences of liberal empire, 1856–1858’, Journal of British Studies, 55(4) (2016), 728–49.Google Scholar

Subrahmanyam, S., ‘A tale of three empires: Mughals, Ottomans, and Habsburgs in a comparative context’, Common Knowledge, 12(1) (2006), 66–92.Google Scholar

Sun, L., ‘The Economy of Empire Building: Wild ginseng, sable fur, and the multiple trade networks of the early Qing Dynasty, 1583–1644’. DPhil diss., University of Oxford, 2018.Google Scholar

Suzuki, S., Civilization and Empire: China and Japan’s encounter with European international society (London: Routledge, 2009).Google Scholar

Suzuki, S., Zhang, Y. and Quirk, J. (eds.), International Orders in the Early Modern World: Before the rise of the West (London: Routledge, 2013).Google Scholar

Swope, K. M., ‘Deceit, disguise, and dependence: China, Japan, and the future of the tributary system, 1592–1596’, International History Review, 24(4) (2002), 757–82.Google Scholar

Swope, K. M. A Dragon’s Head and a Serpent’s Tail: Ming China and the first great East Asian war, 1592–1598 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Taliaferro, J. W., ‘State building for future wars: Neoclassical realism and the resource-extractive state’, Security Studies, 15(3) (2006), 464–95.Google Scholar

Tambiah, S. J., ‘What did Bernier actually say? Profiling the Mughal Empire’, Contributions to Indian Sociology, 32(2) (1998), 361–86.Google Scholar

Teng, S.-Y., ‘Chinese influence on the Western examination system: Introduction’, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 7(4) (1943), 267–312.Google Scholar

Teschke, B., The Myth of 1648: Class, geopolitics, and the making of modern international relations (London: Verso, 2003).Google Scholar

Tilly, C., Coercion, Capital and European States, AD 990–1992 (New York: Wiley-Blackwell, 1992).Google Scholar

Tilly, C. ‘How empires end’ in Barkey, K. and von Hagen, M. (eds.), After Empire: Multiethnic societies and nation-building (Boulder: Westview Press, 1997), pp. 1–11.Google Scholar

Todorov, T., The Conquest of America: The question of the other (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1984).Google Scholar

Travers, R., ‘Imperial revolutions and global repercussions: South Asia and the world, c.1750–1850’ in Armitage, D. and Subrahmanyam, S. (eds.), The Age of Revolution in Global Context, c. 1760–1840 (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), pp. 144–66.Google Scholar

Trocki, C., Opium, Empire and the Global Political Economy: A study of the Asian opium trade, 1750–1950 (London: Routledge, 1999).Google Scholar

Truschke, A., ‘Dangerous debates: Jain responses to theological challenges at the Mughal court’, Modern Asian Studies, 49(5) (2015), 1311–44.Google Scholar

Truschke, A. Aurangzeb: The man and the myth (Gurgaon: Penguin Random House India, 2017).Google Scholar

Turchin, P., ‘A theory of formation for large empires’, Journal of Global History, 4(2) (2009), 191–217.Google Scholar

Veer, P. van der, Imperial Encounters: Religion and modernity in India and Britain (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001).Google Scholar

Ven, H. van de, Breaking with the Past: The maritime customs service and the global origins of modernity in China (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Vigneswaran, D., ‘A corrupt international society: How Britain was duped into its first imperial conquest’ in Suzuki, S., Zhang, Y. and Quirk, J. (eds.), International Orders in the Early Modern World: Before the rise of the West (London: Routledge, 2013), pp. 94–117.Google Scholar

Vink, M. P. M., ‘Images and ideologies of Dutch-South Asian contact: Cross-cultural encounters between the Nayaka state of Madurai and the Dutch East India Company in the seventeenth century’, Itinerario, 21(2) (1997), 81–123.Google Scholar

Vink, M. P. M. ‘From port-city to world-system: Spatial constructs of Dutch Indian Ocean studies, 1500–1800’, Itinerario, 28(2) (2004), 45–116.Google Scholar

Vink, M. P. M. Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka state of Madurai in the seventeenth century (Leiden: Brill, 2015).Google Scholar

Vivekanandran, J., Interrogating International Relations: India’s strategic practice and the return of history (London: Routledge, 2011).Google Scholar

Wade, G., ‘Engaging the south: Ming China and Southeast Asia in the fifteenth century’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 51(4) (2008), 578–638.Google Scholar

Wagoner, P. B., ‘“Sultan among Hindu kings”: Dress, titles, and the Islamicization of Hindu culture at Vijayanagara’, Journal of Asian Studies, 55(4) (1996), 851–80.Google Scholar

Wakeman, F., The Great Enterprise, 2 vols., I: The Manchu reconstruction of imperial order in seventeenth-century China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985).Google Scholar

Waley-Cohen, J., ‘Religion, war, and empire-building in eighteenth-century China’, International History Review, 20(2) (1998), 336–52.Google Scholar

Waley-Cohen, J. ‘Changing spaces of empire in eighteenth century China’ in Cosmo, N. di and Wyatt, D. J. (eds.), Political Frontiers, Ethnic Boundaries and Human Geographies in Chinese History (London: Routledge Curzon, 2003), pp. 324–50.Google Scholar

Waley-Cohen, J. The Culture of War in China: Empire and the military under the Qing Dynasty (London: I. B. Tauris, 2006).Google Scholar

Wallerstein, I., The Capitalist World-Economy: Essays by Immanuel Wallerstein (Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 1979).Google Scholar

Wang, L., ‘From masterly brokers to compliant protégées: The frontier governance system and the rise of ethnic confrontation in China-Inner Mongolia, 1900–1930’, American Journal of Sociology, 120(6) (2015), 1641–89.Google Scholar

Wang, Y., ‘Claiming centrality in the Chinese world: Manchu–Chosǒn relations and the making of the Qing’s “Zhonghou” identity, 1616–1643’, Chinese Historical Review, 22(2) (2015), 95–119.Google Scholar

Wang, Z., Never Forget National Humiliation: Historical memory in Chinese politics and foreign relations (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Ward, K., Networks of Empire: Forced migration in the Dutch East India Company (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Watson, B., ‘Fortifications and the “idea” of force in early English East India Company relations with India’, Past and Present, 88 (1980), 70–87.Google Scholar

Weber, M., Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Webster, A., Gentleman Capitalists: British imperialism in Southeast Asia, 1770–1890 (London: I. B. Tauris, 1998).Google Scholar

Wight, M., Systems of States (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1977).Google Scholar

Willerslev, R. and Ulturgasheva, O., ‘The sable frontier: The Siberian fur trade as montage’, Cambridge Journal of Anthropology, 26(2) (2006–2007), 79–100.Google Scholar

Wills, J. E. Jr, ‘Introduction’ in Wills, J. E. Jr (ed.), China and Maritime Europe, 1500–1800: Trade, settlement, diplomacy, and missions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 1–23.Google Scholar

Wills, J. E. ‘Maritime Europe and the Ming’ in Wills, J. E. Jr (ed.), China and Maritime Europe, 1500–1800: Trade, settlement, diplomacy, and missions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 24–77.Google Scholar

Wilson, J. E., ‘Early colonial India beyond empire’, Historical Journal, 50(4) (2007), 951–70.Google Scholar

Wilson, J. E. The Domination of Strangers: Modern governance in Eastern India, 1780–1835 (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).Google Scholar

Winius, G. D., The Fatal History of Portuguese Ceylon: Transition to Dutch rule (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971).Google Scholar

Wolters, O. W., History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asian Perspectives (Singapore: SEAP Publications, 1999).Google Scholar

Wong, R. B., China Transformed: Historical change and the limits of the European experience (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997).Google Scholar

Woodside, A., ‘The Ch’ien-lung Reign’ in Peterson, W. J. (ed.), The Cambridge History of China, 15 vols., IX: The Ch’ing Empire to 1800, Pt I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 230–309.Google Scholar

Wright, M. C., The Last Stand of Chinese Conservatism: The T’ung-Chih Restoration, 1862–1874 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1962).Google Scholar

Yazdani, K., ‘Foreign relations and semi-modernization during the reigns of Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan’, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 45(3) (2018), 394–409.Google Scholar

Yoon, S.-H., ‘Repertoires of power: Early Qing–Chosǒn relations (1626–1644)’, Chinese Historical Review, 21(2) (2014), 97–120.Google Scholar

Zarakol, A., (ed.), Hierarchies in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017).Google Scholar

Zarakol, A. ‘The Ottomans and diversity’, in Phillips, A. and Reus-Smit, C. (eds.), Culture and Order in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020), pp. 49–70.Google Scholar

Zelin, M., ‘The Yung-Cheng reign’ in Peterson, W. J. (ed.), The Cambridge History of China, 15 vols., IX: The Ch’ing Empire to 1800, Pt I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 183–229.Google Scholar

Zhang, W., The China Wave: Rise of a civilizational state (Hackensack: World Century Publishing Corporation, 2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar