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4 - Mood disorders and psychosis in HIV

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2009

By
Andrea Stolar M.D. ,
Glenn Catalano M.D. ,
Sheryl M. Hakala M.D. ,
Robert P. Bright M.D.  and
Francisco P. Fernandez M.D.
Edited by
Kenneth Citron ,
Marie Josée Brouillette  and
Alexandra Beckett
Andrea Stolar M.D.
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, FL, Staff Psychiatrist, Women's Program, Bay Pines Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bay Pines, FL, USA
Glenn Catalano M.D.
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, University of South Florida College of Medicine, FL, Medical Director of Psychiatry, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
Sheryl M. Hakala M.D.
Affiliation:
Child Fellow, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, FL, USA
Robert P. Bright M.D.
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Attending Psychiatrist, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
Francisco P. Fernandez M.D.
Affiliation:
Professor and Chairperson, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
Marie Josée Brouillette
Affiliation:
McGill University, Montréal
Alexandra Beckett
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
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Summary

Introduction

Reported rates of depression among people infected with HIV vary. During the course of their disease, up to 85% of HIV-seropositive individuals report some depressive symptoms, and up to 50% experience a major depressive disorder. The variability across studies may be due to small sample size, population characteristics, and evaluation tools. However, in their meta-analysis of published studies, Ciesla and Roberts (2001) found that people with HIV were almost twice as likely as those who are HIV-seronegative to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, and that depression was equally prevalent in people with both symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV. In their recent analysis of rates of depression and anxiety disorders in people with HIV, Morrison et al. (2002) found a fourfold increase in the risk of current major depressive disorder in HIV-seropositive women compared with an HIV-seronegative group.

The data regarding the prevalence of mania in people with HIV is scant. Although less common than depression, the risk of mania is still thought to be significant, particularly as the disease progresses (Ellen et al., 1999). Mania may be the behavioral manifestation of direct central nervous system (CNS) pathology or toxicity or, if the patient has a family or personal history of bipolar disorder, mania may suggest a primary affective disorder.

The occurrence of psychosis is not too surprising since people with HIV experience marked disturbances in dopamine metabolism (Berger et al., 1994). Early samples found frequencies ranging between less than 0.5% to 15% (Sewell et al. 1994).

Type
Chapter
Information
HIV and Psychiatry
Training and Resource Manual
 , pp. 88 - 109
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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  • Mood disorders and psychosis in HIV
    • By Andrea Stolar, M.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, FL, Staff Psychiatrist, Women's Program, Bay Pines Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bay Pines, FL, USA, Glenn Catalano, M.D., Associate Professor, University of South Florida College of Medicine, FL, Medical Director of Psychiatry, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA, Sheryl M. Hakala, M.D., Child Fellow, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, FL, USA, Robert P. Bright, M.D., Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Attending Psychiatrist, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA, Francisco P. Fernandez, M.D., Professor and Chairperson, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
  • Edited by Kenneth Citron, Marie Josée Brouillette, McGill University, Montréal, Alexandra Beckett, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book: HIV and Psychiatry
  • Online publication: 06 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511543586.005
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  • Mood disorders and psychosis in HIV
    • By Andrea Stolar, M.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, FL, Staff Psychiatrist, Women's Program, Bay Pines Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bay Pines, FL, USA, Glenn Catalano, M.D., Associate Professor, University of South Florida College of Medicine, FL, Medical Director of Psychiatry, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA, Sheryl M. Hakala, M.D., Child Fellow, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, FL, USA, Robert P. Bright, M.D., Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Attending Psychiatrist, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA, Francisco P. Fernandez, M.D., Professor and Chairperson, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
  • Edited by Kenneth Citron, Marie Josée Brouillette, McGill University, Montréal, Alexandra Beckett, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book: HIV and Psychiatry
  • Online publication: 06 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511543586.005
Available formats
×

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  • Mood disorders and psychosis in HIV
    • By Andrea Stolar, M.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, FL, Staff Psychiatrist, Women's Program, Bay Pines Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bay Pines, FL, USA, Glenn Catalano, M.D., Associate Professor, University of South Florida College of Medicine, FL, Medical Director of Psychiatry, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA, Sheryl M. Hakala, M.D., Child Fellow, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, FL, USA, Robert P. Bright, M.D., Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Attending Psychiatrist, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA, Francisco P. Fernandez, M.D., Professor and Chairperson, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
  • Edited by Kenneth Citron, Marie Josée Brouillette, McGill University, Montréal, Alexandra Beckett, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book: HIV and Psychiatry
  • Online publication: 06 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511543586.005
Available formats
×