Pretest counseling

A person's for HIV testing should be honored.

• Explore risk history and discuss reasons for the test.

• Assess the person's risk of having been exposed to or of being infected with HIV.

• Provide information about HIV infection and testing, including the meaning of positive, negative, and indeterminate test results, and the impact of the window period. Discuss risk reduction and explore specific ways in which the person can avoid or reduce risk-producing behavior.

• Identify testing options available in the region, specifically nominal, non-nominal and anonymous testing.

• Discuss the potential benefits and harms of being tested and of being found HIV-positive.

• Discuss the confidentiality of test results in relation to office or clinical procedures, communicating results to other healthcare officials, provincial reporting requirements and partner notification.

• Discuss the stress related to waiting for test results and possible reactions to learning the results.

• Assess the window period by identifying the most recent risk event and plan an appropriate time for testing. Obtain and record informed consent, whether provided in writing or verbally, before testing is conducted.

• Arrange a return appointment after a predetermined interval for a face-to-face visit to inform the patient of his or her test results.

A person has the right to decline testing.

Post-test counseling

HIV test results are given only in person.

• Assess the patient's understanding of the test result.

• Encourage the patient to express feelings and reactions.

Negative and indeterminate result

• Discuss any need for repeat testing.

• Review the ways in which HIV is transmitted.

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