In the previous two chapters – whilst analysing both Cuningham's plan and the burial treatment of the scarred, deformed and injured – we have identified areas of Norwich that were fire-damaged, dilapidated and impoverished. But Cuningham's image of a ‘pleasant and healthful’ city could claim at least one basis in reality; the lush greenery depicted inside the mural defences of Norwich had actual counterparts. The city really did contain many gardens, orchards and open spaces. According to medieval medical culture, gardens (like clean water supplies and a wholesome situation) were a clear indicator of a place's sanitary credentials. What was their significance to the people of Norwich? This chapter considers the evidence of the extent and quality of green and open space in the city and traces its significance to Norwich men and women. As in the previous chapter, I continue to draw on evidence of topography in addition to objects and texts, but here our focus is trained upon the close relationship between gardens, food and well-being in local health culture.

Health benefits of gardens

The literature on regimen and on healing in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries invited men and women to meditate on the therapeutic properties of gardens and garden produce. The herb bed, of course, supplied plants for inclusion in drugs and other therapies. Additionally, and in contrast to the alarmingly variable conditions of nature, a garden or a fruitful orchard constituted an environment that could be managed and controlled; specifically, the six non-naturals could be moderated within its bounds. Pleasure gardens, for example, were viewed as suitable arenas for gentle exercise or rest in sweeter, cleaner air.