Chapter 12 provides some key examples of how to use trait-based methods as a tool for biodiversity monitoring, one that often shows more sensitivity to environmental changes as compared to taxonomic-based metrics. The examples show how trait-based approaches can help to broaden the scope of applied environmental sciences, using ecological theory to solve different types of environmental issues of concern. Focusing on response and effect traits, a discussion is provided on how it is possible to restore or create new ecological communities that are more resilient to environmental changes, or that enhance desirable ecosystem services. Finally, it is argued that poor literacy in functional ecology might act as a barrier to communicating with decision makers, and incorporating trait-based approaches in environmental policies.