Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T09:38:06.851Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - Internal measures in the multilateral trading system: where are the borders of the WTO agenda?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2011

Marion Jansen
Affiliation:
Universidad Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona, Spain)
Thomas Cottier
Affiliation:
Universität Bern, Switzerland
Manfred Elsig
Affiliation:
Universität Bern, Switzerland
Get access

Summary

Introduction

A core issue for the multilateral trading system over the years has been the reach of its competence. Of all the sources of tension that have confronted the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO) system over the years, this is probably the greatest. Effective international cooperation requires a shared view on the content and purpose of the trading system. Yet agreement has often proved elusive and negotiated outcomes have occasionally been challenged by governments even though they have subscribed to them. The debate in the late 1970s and 1980s about whether trade in services had a place in GATT, for example, has been followed by similar discussions on intellectual property rights (IPRs), labour rights, the environment, investment and competition. Differing views on these matters have often influenced the pace of progress in rounds of multilateral trade negotiations.

At first sight, the WTO's mandate seems to be well defined: it is an organisation that deals with the rules of trade between its members. Why is it then that WTO Agreements deal with internal measures and why has the question of how the WTO deals with internal measures become so contentious? The most straightforward answer to the first question is probably that most internal measures have an effect on trade flows. As a result, a body that provides rules on trade flows can be expected to have to take a stance with respect to internal measures.

Type
Chapter
Information
Governing the World Trade Organization
Past, Present and Beyond Doha
, pp. 49 - 81
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdel Motaal, Doaa 1999. ‘Eco-labelling and the World Trade Organization’, in Sampson, Gary and Chambers, Bradnee (eds.), Trade, Environment and the Millennium. New York: UN Press.Google Scholar
Abdel Motaal, Doaa 2004. ‘The multilateral consensus and the World Trade Organization’, Journal of World Trade 38(5): 855–76.Google Scholar
Abrego, Lisandro, Perroni, Carlo, Whalley, John and Wigle, Randy M. 2001. ‘Trade and environment: bargaining outcomes from linked negotiations’, Review of International Economics 9(3): 414–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagwell, Kyle and Staiger, Robert W. 2002. The Economics of the World Trading System. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Baldwin, Richard 2000. ‘Regulatory protectionism, developing nations and a two-tier world trade system’, CEPR Discussion Paper No. 2574.
Bhattacharjea, Arnab 2006. ‘The case for a multilateral agreement on competition policy: a developing country perspective’, Journal of International Economic Law 9(2): 293–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bode, Mariana and Budzinski, Oliver 2005. ‘Competing ways towards international antitrust: the WTO versus the ICN’, Marburg Papers on Economics No. 3.
Brander, James A. and Spencer, Barbara J. 1985. ‘Export subsidies and international market share rivalry’, Journal of International Economics 18(1/2): 83–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conconi, Paola and Perroni, Carlo 2002. ‘Issue linkage and issue tie-in in multilateral negotiations’, Journal of International Economics 57(2): 423–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copeland, Brian R. 1990. ‘Strategic interaction among nations: negotiable and non-negotiable trade barriers’, Canadian Journal of Economics 23(1): 84–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copeland, Brian R. and Taylor, M. Scott 2003. Trade and the Environment: Theory and Evidence. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Croome, John 1995. Reshaping the World Trading System. Geneva: World Trade Organization.Google Scholar
,European News Agency 1975. The Tokyo Round: Trade Issues at Stake. Brussels: European News Agency.Google Scholar
Evenett, Simon J., Levenstein, Margaret and Suslow, Valerie 2001. ‘International cartel enforcement: lessons from the 1990s’, The World Economy 24(9): 1221–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evenett, Simon J. and the ,State Secretariat of Economic Affairs (SECO) 2003. The Singapore Issues and the World Trading System: the Road to Cancun and Beyond. Bern: SECO.Google Scholar
Fink, Carsten and Jansen, Marion 2009. ‘Services provisions in regional trade agreements: stumbling or building blocks for multilateral liberalisation?’, in Baldwin, Richard and Low, Patrick (eds.), Multilateralizing Regionalism. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hoekman, Bernard and Kostecki, Michel (2009). The Political Economy of the World Trading System, 3rd edn, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hoekman, Bernard and Saggi, Kamal 2003. ‘Trading market access for competition policy enforcement’, CEPR Discussion Paper No. 4110.
Howse, Robert 2002. ‘From politics to technocracy – and back again: the fate of the multilateral trading regime’, American Journal of International Law 96(1): 94–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hummels, David 2007. ‘Transportation costs and international trade in the second era of globalization’, Journal of Economic Perspectives 21(3): 131–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,ILO 1994. ‘The social dimensions of the liberalization of world trade’, Paper presented at the Working Party on the Social Dimensions of Globalization, International Labour Organization, Geneva, GB.261/WP/SLD/1.
Jackson, Lee Ann and Jansen, Marion 2009. ‘Risk assessment in the international food safety arena: can the multilateral institutions encourage unbiased outcomes?’, Geneva: World Trade Organization, WTO Staff Working Paper ERSD-2009–01.
Jaffe, Adam B., Peterson, Steven R., Portney, Paul R. and Stavins, Robert N. 1995. ‘Environmental regulation and the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing: what does the evidence tell us?Journal of Economic Literature 33(1): 132–63.Google Scholar
Jansen, Marion 2010. ‘Developing countries, standards and the WTO’, Journal of International Trade and Economic Development 19(1): 163–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kucera, David and Sarna, Ritash 2006. ‘Trade union rights, democracy, and exports: a gravity model approach’, Review of International Economics 14(5): 859–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, Patrick 1993. Trading Free. The GATT and US Trade Policy. New York: Twentieth Century Fund Press.Google Scholar
Marceau, Gabrielle 2008. ‘Trade and labour’, in Bethlehem, Daniel, McRae, Donald, Neufeld, Rodney and Damme, Isabelle (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Trade Law. Oxford University Press, pp. 539–70.Google Scholar
Maskus, Keith 2002. ‘Regulatory standards in the WTO’, World Trade Review 1(2): 135–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maskus, Keith and Penubarti, Mohan 1995. ‘How trade-related are intellectual property rights?’, Journal of International Economics 39(3–4): 227–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maskus, Keith and Penubarti, Mohan 1997. ‘Patents and international trade: an empirical study’, in Maskus, Keith E., Hooper, Peter M., Leamer, Edward E. and Richardson, J. David (eds.), Quiet Pioneering: the International Economic Legacy of Robert M. Stern. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 95–120.Google Scholar
Melitz, Jacques 2003. ‘The impact of trade on intra-industry reallocation and aggregate industry productivity’, Econometrica 71(6): 1695–725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, Michael P. 1998. Knowledge Diplomacy: Global Competition and the Politics of Intellectual Property. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Sapir, André 1995. ‘Trade liberalization and the harmonization of social policies: lessons from European integration’, in Bhagwati, Jagdish N. and Hudec, Robert E. (eds.), Fair Trade and Harmonization: Prerequisites for Free Trade?, vol. I Economic Analysis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Stewart, Terence and David, Johanson 1998. ‘The SPS Agreement of the World Trade Organization and international organizations: the roles of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Plant Convention, and the International Office for Epizootics’, Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce 26: 27–54.Google Scholar
Sturm, Daniel 2006. ‘Product standards, trade disputes and protectionism’, Canadian Journal of Economics 39(2): 564–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beers, Cees 1998. ‘Labour standards and trade flows of OECD countries’, World Economy 21(1): 57–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,WTO 2005. World Trade Report 2005: Trade, Standards and the WTO. Geneva: World Trade Organization.Google Scholar
,WTO 2007. World Trade Report 2007: Six Decades of Multilateral Trade Cooperation: What Have we Learnt?Geneva: World Trade Organization.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×